Tiden i senmodernt vardagsliv utgör en teoretisk fördjupning av den tidigare utgivna rapporten Tid, pengar och sociala nätverk (2005). Där undersöks klyftorna mellan tidrika och tidfattiga levnadsförhållanden. Kontraster som visar på en obalans i fördelningen av tid, pengar och sociala roller på och utanför arbetsmarknaden i vardagslivet. Syftet i denna rapport är att undersöka teorier om de sociala rollernas betydelse genom att jämföra två konkurrerande teoribildningar och granska deras generaliserbarhet och förklaringsvärde. I huvudsak används teorierna för att analysera tidrika och tidfattiga livsformers levnadsmönster i förhållande till självupplevd tid, multipla roller och stress. Tillsammans utgör de två rapporterna författarens licentiatavhandling. / This licentiate thesis is based on the empirical results published in Tid, pengar och sociala nätverk (Enokson 2005a), a study that examine the division of time and economic resources in a Swedish community. The purpose was to explore the living conditions of two groups in society: those who are established in the labour force that experience great demands on their efficiency and educational level and those who are unwanted and who do not have a natural place in the labour market. The study increases knowledge about those who live in time-rich and time-poor conditions and examines in which way these contrasts are the breeding ground for new patterns of inequality. The results of this study do not only exhibit the polarizing tendencies in terms of time and finance. The purpose is to explore if multiple social roles is a resource or a burden to time-rich and time-poor forms of life. By using the role strain theory and the role expansion theory on the time-rich and time-poor living conditions, the analyze shows that the scientific value of each theory depends on what form of life is investigated. Time-poor are living with a relatively high pace of life, with active stress cooping in flexible living conditions. The lack of time also have consequences in their social relations in a sense that conflicts and restricted patterns of behaviour not only appears in the working conditions, but also in the household and in the leisure time. In order to compensate, arrangements to engage the whole family in their work are being made as well as the consuming of household services and technical means to ease up the time-poor conditions. These results confirm the role strain theory. At the same time, people living under time-rich conditions expresses frustration due to the lack of social roles and social recognition. In this case, improved living conditions does not demand a restriction of social roles, rather an expansion to enhance a higher quality of life. A change not so easy to accomplish when time-rich forms of life have a hard time finding alternative social networks outside the labour market. Long time active stress cooping in too many roles without time to recover indicates a risk for ill-health, as well as passive stress cooping in few social roles. Such a wide platform of interpretation in role theory issues pose a possible risk in the sense that theoretical options can suit beforehand given goals. Due to the fact that a variation of roles in everyday life can be rewarding, a certain limit or level can be desirable in finding the balance of everyday life. None of the theoretical models shows us just that. I therefore suggest a theoretical development towards a holistic role context model that emphasize a diverse image of life at work, at home and in the leisure time. In that way we would be able to deepen the knowledge of the polarizing tendencies in time-rich and time-poor living conditions and discuss a balanced time budget as a question of welfare and well being, beyond traditional measures as economic growth and consumption.

<p>Tiden i senmodernt vardagsliv utgör en teoretisk fördjupning av den tidigare utgivna rapporten Tid, pengar och sociala nätverk (2005). Där undersöks klyftorna mellan tidrika och tidfattiga levnadsförhållanden. Kontraster som visar på en obalans i fördelningen av tid, pengar och sociala roller på och utanför arbetsmarknaden i vardagslivet.</p><p>Syftet i denna rapport är att undersöka teorier om de sociala rollernas betydelse genom att jämföra två konkurrerande teoribildningar och granska deras generaliserbarhet och förklaringsvärde. I huvudsak används teorierna för att analysera tidrika och tidfattiga livsformers levnadsmönster i förhållande till självupplevd tid, multipla roller och stress. Tillsammans utgör de två rapporterna författarens licentiatavhandling.</p> / <p>This licentiate thesis is based on the empirical results published in Tid, pengar och sociala nätverk (Enokson 2005a), a study that examine the division of time and economic resources in a Swedish community. The purpose was to explore the living conditions of two groups in society: those who are established in the labour force that experience great demands on their efficiency and educational level and those who are unwanted and who do not have a natural place in the labour market. The study increases knowledge about those who live in time-rich and time-poor conditions and examines in which way these contrasts are the breeding ground for new patterns of inequality.</p><p>The results of this study do not only exhibit the polarizing tendencies in terms of time and finance. The purpose is to explore if multiple social roles is a resource or a burden to time-rich and time-poor forms of life. By using the role strain theory and the role expansion theory on the time-rich and time-poor living conditions, the analyze shows that the scientific value of each theory depends on what form of life is investigated. Time-poor are living with a relatively high pace of life, with active stress cooping in flexible living conditions. The lack of time also have consequences in their social relations in a sense that conflicts and restricted patterns of behaviour not only appears in the working conditions, but also in the household and in the leisure time. In order to compensate, arrangements to engage the whole family in their work are being made as well as the consuming of household services and technical means to ease up the time-poor conditions. These results confirm the role strain theory. At the same time, people living under time-rich conditions expresses frustration due to the lack of social roles and social recognition. In this case, improved living conditions does not demand a restriction of social roles, rather an expansion to enhance a higher quality of life. A change not so easy to accomplish when time-rich forms of life have a hard time finding alternative social networks outside the labour market. Long time active stress cooping in too many roles without time to recover indicates a risk for ill-health, as well as passive stress cooping in few social roles. Such a wide platform of interpretation in role theory issues pose a possible risk in the sense that theoretical options can suit beforehand given goals.</p><p>Due to the fact that a variation of roles in everyday life can be rewarding, a certain limit or level can be desirable in finding the balance of everyday life. None of the theoretical models shows us just that. I therefore suggest a theoretical development towards a holistic role context model that emphasize a diverse image of life at work, at home and in the leisure time. In that way we would be able to deepen the knowledge of the polarizing tendencies in time-rich and time-poor living conditions and discuss a balanced time budget as a question of welfare and well being, beyond traditional measures as economic growth and consumption.</p>