Yes / Wind Energy published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Maintenance is essential in keeping wind energy assets operating efficiently. With the development of advanced condition monitoring, diagnostics and prognostics, condition-based maintenance has attracted much attention in the offshore wind industry in recent years. This paper models various maintenance activities and their impacts on the degradation and performance of offshore wind turbine components. An integrated maintenance strategy of corrective maintenance, imperfect time-based preventive maintenance and condition-based maintenance is proposed and compared with other traditional maintenance strategies. A maintenance simulation programme is developed to simulate the degradation and maintenance of offshore wind turbines and estimate their performance. A case study on a 10-MW offshore wind turbine (OWT) is presented to analyse the performance of different maintenance strategies. The simulation results reveal that the proposed strategy not only reduces the total maintenance cost but also improves the energy generation by reducing the total downtime and expected energy not supplied. Furthermore, the proposed maintenance strategy is optimised to find the best degradation threshold and balance the trade-off between the use of condition-based maintenance and other maintenance activities. / UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC). Grant Number: EP/P009743/1

<p>Hälso- och sjukvården har höga krav som branschen har svårt att uppfylla. Logistik har fått en ökad betydelse inom sektorn och handlar i detta fall om att på kortast tid få en patient färdigbehandlad. Denna rapport tar fram logistiska förändringsprinciper som är framgångsrika i hälso- och sjukvården. En litteraturstudie visar att det finns ett antal logistiska förändringsprinciper och verktyg som med positivt resultat har anpassats till hälso- och sjukvården. Dessa är; Lean production, processorientering, flödesorientering, Time-based competition, Theory of Constraints, Supply chain management, Planering, Mål och mätmetoder, Patienten i fokus, Genombrott och Advanced access. Fallstudier visar att vårdenheter i de flesta fall inte arbetar med specifika förändringsprinciper utan metoder hämtade från flera principer. Många av dessa metoder återkommer i åtskilliga förändringsprinciper och de vanligaste metoderna som identifierats både i litteraturstudien och i fallstudien och därför anses vara framgångsrika är; eliminering av slöseri, standardiseringar, kartläggning av flöde eller process och samverkan inom den egna enheten. Dessa metoder kan härledas till principerna Lean production, processorientering och Genombrott. Viktigt att poängtera är att förändringsprinciperna måste anpassas till den specifika situationen och vårdenheten.</p>

The management of equipment based on Reliability-Centered Maintenance (RCM) has been widely applied with great success in several industries such as military, commodity production, civil airliners, nuclear power plant and the petroleum industry since the reprint of RCM-II written by John Moubray in 1997.The application of RCM not only increases the reliability of the equipment and the assets of a company but also promotes the overall equipment effectiveness (OEE), which includes the excellent ok yield to order and the better productivity of the equipment. As a methodology, RCM differs from the traditional equipment maintenance in the aspect of emphasis of maintaining the ¡§function¡¨ of the equipment instead of the equipment itself. Therefore, the need of equipment maintenance results from the speed and the severity of function loss, which determines the strategy and interval of equipment maintenance. This is the major difference between RCM and time based maintenance (TBM). This article discusses the critical success factors that drive the application of RCM in steel plant. The result reveals that the application of RCM could promote the reliability of equipment, cut the cost of maintenance and increase compatibility of the steel plant. In order to facilitates the implementation of RCM in the steel mill, the basic skills of the management includes the construction of vision¡Bconsensus¡Bthe set up of regulation and the cultivation of innovating culture. so as to build an effective managing teamwork features in strong execution. As for the equipment management both the standardization and the strict deviation of equipment function(6£m) are vital to sustain the excellent equipment reliability. The Integration of Maintenance Management System(IMMS) consists of three components, CMMS(Computerized Maintenance Management System) and RTMS(Real Time Monitoring System) link by RCM. RCM acts as a bridge for the information flow of maintenance management in the IMMS and promotes the effectiveness of maintenance management.

Today, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are no longer a nascent technology and future networks, especially Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) will integrate more sensor-based systems into a variety of application scenarios. Typical application areas include medical, environmental, military, and commercial enterprises. Providing security to this diverse set of sensor-based applications is necessary for the healthy operations of the overall system because untrusted entities may target the proper functioning of applications and disturb the critical decision-making processes by injecting false information into the network. One way to address this issue is to employ en-route-filtering-based solutions utilizing keys generated by either static or dynamic key management schemes in the WSN literature. However, current schemes are complicated for resource-constrained sensors as they utilize many keys and more importantly as they transmit many keying messages in the network, which increases the energy consumption of WSNs that are already severely limited in the technical capabilities and resources (i.e., power, computational capacities, and memory) available to them. Nonetheless, further improvements without too much overhead are still possible by sharing a dynamically created cryptic credential. Building upon this idea, the purpose of this thesis is to introduce an efficient and secure communication framework for WSNs. Specifically, three protocols are suggested as contributions using virtual energies and local times onboard the sensors as dynamic cryptic credentials: (1) Virtual Energy-Based Encryption and Keying (VEBEK); (2) TIme-Based DynamiC Keying and En-Route Filtering (TICK); (3) Secure Source-Based Loose Time Synchronization (SOBAS) for WSNs.

Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit dem Entwurf eines asynchron arbeitenden, zeitbasierten CMOS–Bildsensors mit erhöhtem Dynamikbereich und Unterdrückung zeitlich redundanter Daten. Aufgrund immer kleinerer Strukturgrößen in modernen Prozessen zur Fertigung von Halbleitern und einer gleichzeitig physikalisch bedingt immer geringeren Skalierbarkeit konventioneller Bildsensoren wird es zunehmend möglich und praktikabel, Signalverarbeitungsansätze auf Pixelebene zu implementieren. Unter Berücksichtigung dieser Entwicklungen befasst sich die folgende Arbeit mit dem Entwurf eines neuartigen CMOS–Bildsensors mit nahezu vollständiger Unterdrückung zeitlich redundanter Daten auf Pixelebene. Jedes photosensitive Element in der Matrix arbeitet dabei vollkommen autonom. Es detektiert selbständig Änderungen in der Bestrahlung und gibt den Absolutwert nur beim Auftreten einer solchen Änderung mittels asynchroner Signalisierung nach außen. Darüber hinaus zeichnet sich der entwickelte Bildaufnehmer durch einen, gegenüber herkömmlichen Bildsensoren, deutlich erhöhten Dynamikbereich und eine niedrige Energieaufnahme aus, wodurch das Prinzip besonders für die Verwendung in Systemen für den mobilen Einsatz oder zur Durchführung von Überwachungsaufgaben geeignet ist. Die Realisierbarkeit des Konzepts wurde durch die erfolgreiche Implementierung eines entsprechenden Bildaufnehmers in einem Standard–CMOS–Prozess nachgewiesen. Durch die Größe des Designs von 304 x 240 Bildelementen, die den Umfang üblicher Prototypen-Realisierungen deutlich übersteigt, konnte speziell die Anwendbarkeit im Bereich größerer Sensorfelder gezeigt werden. Der Schaltkreis wurde erfolgreich getestet, wobei sowohl das Gesamtsystem als auch einzelne Schaltungsteile messtechnisch analysiert worden sind. Die nachgewiesene Bildqualität deckt sich dabei in guter Näherung mit den theoretischen Vorbetrachtungen.

Hälso- och sjukvården har höga krav som branschen har svårt att uppfylla. Logistik har fått en ökad betydelse inom sektorn och handlar i detta fall om att på kortast tid få en patient färdigbehandlad. Denna rapport tar fram logistiska förändringsprinciper som är framgångsrika i hälso- och sjukvården. En litteraturstudie visar att det finns ett antal logistiska förändringsprinciper och verktyg som med positivt resultat har anpassats till hälso- och sjukvården. Dessa är; Lean production, processorientering, flödesorientering, Time-based competition, Theory of Constraints, Supply chain management, Planering, Mål och mätmetoder, Patienten i fokus, Genombrott och Advanced access. Fallstudier visar att vårdenheter i de flesta fall inte arbetar med specifika förändringsprinciper utan metoder hämtade från flera principer. Många av dessa metoder återkommer i åtskilliga förändringsprinciper och de vanligaste metoderna som identifierats både i litteraturstudien och i fallstudien och därför anses vara framgångsrika är; eliminering av slöseri, standardiseringar, kartläggning av flöde eller process och samverkan inom den egna enheten. Dessa metoder kan härledas till principerna Lean production, processorientering och Genombrott. Viktigt att poängtera är att förändringsprinciperna måste anpassas till den specifika situationen och vårdenheten.

Figuring Space; considering the figure in the construction of space in materialist film is an analysis of film space that uses either the image of a figure or the actual figure of the viewer in its construction. The thesis focuses on particular screen works of William Raban, Guy Sherwin, Malcolm Le Grice, Chris Welsby, Nicky Hamlyn, Peter Gidal (all members of the London Filmmakers’ Cooperative) and the Canadian artist Michael Snow. It discusses the works in relation to the basic materials of time, light and sound found in film and video. The thesis looks at the way the film frame was implemented in the work of these artists to challenge preconceived notions of film space. It also highlights the uncertainty of spatial relativity within the screen image once the techniques imposed by the artist undermine previous determinations of positions in space. The frame provides necessary elements with which a reading of a pictorial space can be made. In addition, with some of the works discussed, the frame defines an exterior screen space that at times questions the boundaries between on-screen and off-screen, and fictive space and real space. While in other works that are addressed, binaries exist within which the boundaries of a picture plane are utilized to determine an object’s spatial relativity, which in turn questions the relativity of those boundaries that determine it. The frame that previously confirmed the illusions of space within the pictorial plane could no longer be prescribed as definitive. Calculations of the film space would become dependent upon a point of origin that is situated within actual time and space at the position of the viewer. The figure of paramount importance, when considering the constructs of space within materialist film, is that of the viewer

Magister Commercii - MCom / In recent years, there has been a proliferation in research on work-family conflict which has become more prevalent in recent years due to the economic climate in which increasingly large numbers of women are entering or returning to the labour market. Finding equilibrium in work and family arenas has also become more important to South African employees. Traditional gender roles have evolved and the role of females as homemakers is no longer the norm. However, an alternative set of social standards have not yet been established as a substitute to new patterns of work and family life. As a result, it is important to focus on concerns relating to female experiences in the workplace to try and overcome the effects of work-family conflict on females.Job stress and role stress have increased dramatically in work and family life, as more women attempt to balance responsibilities at home whilst simultaneously trying to overcome challenges faced with at the office. Typically role ambiguity, role overload and role interference arises and ultimately produces two forms of conflict: time-based conflict and strain-based conflict. Self-efficacy and implementing coping strategies are means to overcome this.The objective of this study was to explore and add to existing research done on work-family conflict amongst females in the workplace. More specifically the study is to determine whether relationships exist between the variables: job stress, role stress, role overload, inter-role conflict, spousal support, coping behaviours; job, family and life satisfaction, emotional exhaustion; the nature of the relationships and the causal impacts between these variables.Two hundred questionnaires were administered and 150 were returned to women employed in a service oriented organisation in the Western Cape.The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) was utilized to analyze and present data in this research with frequency tables and graphical illustrations to provide information on key demographic variables in this study. The results reveal that there are statistically significant relationships amongst work overload and work-family conflict (WFC). There was also a significant relationship between parental overload and WFC. Moreover, the strongest relationship emerged between WFC and family-to-work conflict (FWC). Females experiencing WFC showed a tendency to rely on problem-focused coping strategies. In addition, there was an inverse relationship between job satisfaction and WFC. There was a significant difference in WFC based on age, tenure, number of children, income and tenure. There was no significant difference in WFC on the basis of marital status. There were statistically significant differences in FWC based on some of the biographical characteristics of the respondents. There was a significant difference in FWC based on age, tenure, income and occupation.Approximately 35% of the variance in WFC can be explained by age, education, income, work overload, parental overload and spousal support. These variables account for 33.53% of the variance in WFC, and suggest that other unexplored variables could explain the variance in WFC levels experienced by respondents. Approximately 38% of the variance in role stressors can be attributed to age, education, income, work overload, parental overload and spousal support in relation to FWC. The results which emanated from the current study assist in furthering an understanding of WFC and FWC. Individual and organisational implications are discussed and recommendations are made to further enhance this study with additional research into this area being warranted.

Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit dem Entwurf eines asynchron arbeitenden, zeitbasierten CMOS–Bildsensors mit erhöhtem Dynamikbereich und Unterdrückung zeitlich redundanter Daten. Aufgrund immer kleinerer Strukturgrößen in modernen Prozessen zur Fertigung von Halbleitern und einer gleichzeitig physikalisch bedingt immer geringeren Skalierbarkeit konventioneller Bildsensoren wird es zunehmend möglich und praktikabel, Signalverarbeitungsansätze auf Pixelebene zu implementieren. Unter Berücksichtigung dieser Entwicklungen befasst sich die folgende Arbeit mit dem Entwurf eines neuartigen CMOS–Bildsensors mit nahezu vollständiger Unterdrückung zeitlich redundanter Daten auf Pixelebene. Jedes photosensitive Element in der Matrix arbeitet dabei vollkommen autonom. Es detektiert selbständig Änderungen in der Bestrahlung und gibt den Absolutwert nur beim Auftreten einer solchen Änderung mittels asynchroner Signalisierung nach außen. Darüber hinaus zeichnet sich der entwickelte Bildaufnehmer durch einen, gegenüber herkömmlichen Bildsensoren, deutlich erhöhten Dynamikbereich und eine niedrige Energieaufnahme aus, wodurch das Prinzip besonders für die Verwendung in Systemen für den mobilen Einsatz oder zur Durchführung von Überwachungsaufgaben geeignet ist. Die Realisierbarkeit des Konzepts wurde durch die erfolgreiche Implementierung eines entsprechenden Bildaufnehmers in einem Standard–CMOS–Prozess nachgewiesen. Durch die Größe des Designs von 304 x 240 Bildelementen, die den Umfang üblicher Prototypen-Realisierungen deutlich übersteigt, konnte speziell die Anwendbarkeit im Bereich größerer Sensorfelder gezeigt werden. Der Schaltkreis wurde erfolgreich getestet, wobei sowohl das Gesamtsystem als auch einzelne Schaltungsteile messtechnisch analysiert worden sind. Die nachgewiesene Bildqualität deckt sich dabei in guter Näherung mit den theoretischen Vorbetrachtungen.

Nowadays virtual simulations are commonly used to solve problems regarding worker well-being or productivity in manufacturing companies. However, when it comes to finding a solution to one of these two objectives, the other usually tends to be secondary. In order to solve this problem, the Ergonomics in Production Platform (EPP) has been developed within research efforts at University of Skövde, which through the use of optimizations is able to obtain solutions where both objectives are taken into account. In turn, in order to address worker well-being, EPP makes use of the digital human modelling (DHM) tool. DHM tools are often used to evaluate simulations focused on studying human-machine interaction. However, as these software evolve and start to be able to reproduce complete motions, before they were only considering frames, new methods are needed to be able to assess risk factors such as time and prevent the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). In order to assist in the development of EPP optimizations for simulations carried out in DHM tools, the time-based observational method RAMP was implemented, specifically the posture-related criteria of RAMP II. Using the Design and Creation research methodology, a welding gun case study located in China offered by Volvo Cars was used to evaluate the results of the optimizations carried out with EPP. For the evaluation of this case study, a manikin family of 10 members representing key cases of the Asian population was created for this task. Later, this task was recreated in IPS IMMA, where the 10 cases interacted with 3 welding guns to weld different spots on a piece. The analysis of this case study consisted of two distinct phases where the results of RAMP II implemented in EPP could be evaluated. The first phase focused on analyzing initial results of three different trajectories for all members of the family. The second phase consisted of optimizing one of the trajectories analyzed in the previous phase in such a way as to find the best welding angle of the gun to improve the results of the worst case in the first analysis. Three different factors were evaluated in this phase: RAMP II results versus the new angle, RAMP II results versus the results of other methods and the effect of productivity versus worker well-being. The results showed that welding angles of 116º and 80º were able to improve the values of the RAMP II criteria for the most disadvantaged manikin in the welding task. At the same time, it was observed that the higher the percentage of value added time, the higher the risk obtained in the analysis, worsening the worker's well-being.