Thesis (MTech (Design))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. / Student workload is measured by the time it takes to complete the learning activities. This study determines the workload of Design students by determining the time spent on in- and out-of-class learning activities of a Design course at a higher education institution in Cape Town. The Design learning process typically engages students in several of the following learning activities: problem solving; research and development of ideas; and the mastering of various skills relating to visual communication. These afore-mentioned activities span the duration of a design project crossing the boundaries between subjects. The teaching of Design occurs in various locations such as the design studio and site visits. It therefore becomes difficult to unpack the time spent on in- and out-of-class learning activities for the purposes of workload calculations as prescribed and defined by higher education institutions and educational policies worldwide. Workload is a significant variable in the curriculum and is of importance in the quality of the teaching and learning process in higher education. An analysis of the literature determined that student workload could be viewed as objective workload (notional hours), the perceived/estimated hours worked (as highlighted in student course experience surveys) or the actual hours reported over a period of time. The resulting discussions focused on the comparability of students‟ workload to the expected notional hours and grades. Thus far none of the previous studies considered time allocation or the workload of the Design student or Design education. Can it be assumed that notional hours apply to all subject fields and therefore, the time allocated to in- and out-of-class learning activities should be equal as well? A timesheet diary was used to determine the time spent on learning activities. The population consisted of Interior Design students. Participants indicated what they were doing in the class as well as the amount of time spent on learning activities outside of timetabled hours. This study determined that the time reported for text-based subjects aligned with the notional hours and timetabled hours. On the other hand, a drawing-related subject – because of project-based learning and individual crits – is allocated more timetable hours, which does not align with the notional hours. The contact time thus appears to be high in comparison to the notional hours and results in an overloaded timetable (28hrs). However, it was found that the individual average for in-class time (14hrs 54min) reported by the participants aligns with the notional hours. Further analysis of the reported time revealed that class duration should be considered in the light of the teaching methods. In addition the average workload in this study of 53hrs 7 min per week exceeds the notional 40 hours per week. The average workload was compared to the participant‟s term results, the notional 40-hours, and the 50% required for passing a subject. This revealed that participants whose workload exceeded 40 hours were likely to pass. This supports the notion that provision should be made in the curriculum to afford students the time to meet the learning outcomes. However, due to the small sample available the impact of workload on student retention and student success could not be determined.

Inspirando-se em Michel Foucault, especialmente em suas contribuições acerca das relações de poder e da ética do cuidado de si, esta pesquisa teve por finalidade responder o seguinte problema: de que forma se dá a constituição do sujeito pesquisador, na Universidade Estadual de Maringá, a partir do dispositivo do tempo? Partiu-se, assim, do método genealógico, presente em Nietzsche e retomado pelo filósofo francês, para compreender as relações de forças por meio das quais o pesquisador é produzido. Ressalta-se que a genealogia não pressupõe essências imutáveis, dadas a priori, pois, para ela, o próprio sujeito é compreendido enquanto efeito de um determinado estado de forças. Assim, buscou-se o conhecimento das condições e circunstâncias nas quais o sujeito pesquisador nasceu,desenvolveu-se e modificou-se ou, em outras palavras, buscou-se seu nascimento empírico.Para compreender a constituição do sujeito pesquisador, a categoria de dispositivo teve papel fundamental, já que serviu como operador metodológico auxiliando na análise das práticas discursivas, de poder e de subjetivação. Dentre os diversos dispositivos envolvidos na constituição do sujeito pesquisador, optou-se por enfocar o dispositivo do tempo. Este foi proposto enquanto uma hipótese teórica pelo autor deste trabalho e teve por finalidade dar visibilidade ao campo de forças no qual o pesquisador é engendrado. A análise desse dispositivo recorreu a elementos diversos e heterogêneos, tais como editais, regulamentos,leis, páginas da internet, entre outros. Também foram realizadas 9 entrevistas e consultadas outras 21 (vinte e uma) realizadas por Gois (2012,2013). A partir das análises realizadas foi possível desenhar uma cartografia das linhas de produção da subjetividade do pesquisador, percebendo-se, por meio da escola-universidade, o sequestro de sua existência. Notou-se um imperativo para que o tempo do pesquisador seja cada vez mais utilizado de forma exaustiva e produtiva. Contribui para isso uma série de elementos como as bolsas de produtividade em pesquisa (ofertadas por meio de editais do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico), o currículo lattes, as avaliações dos cursos de pós-graduação (realizados pela Coordenação de Pessoal de Ensino Superior), dentre outros. Contudo, se o dispositivo do tempo age sobre os pesquisadores dando-lhes certos contornos, surgem, em oposição, as resistências – expressas especialmente por meio do exercício da reflexão enquanto uma prática de liberdade. Diante disso, como conclusão, ressaltou-se que a forma pesquisador encontra na Universidade um lugar privilegiado de ser. Há, entretanto, à margem dessa moldura que constitui o pesquisador nas universidades sujeitos que fazem pesquisa e que escapam às formas de subjetivação sofridas pelo dispositivo do tempo. Ressalta-se, desse modo, a necessidade de criar outras formas de existência e subjetivação que transponham o dispositivo do tempo. / Inspired by Michel Foucault, especially in his contributions on the power relations and ethics of self-care, this research aimed to answer the following problem: how is the researcher subject constituted , in the State University of Maringá, from the device of time? The author of this work used the genealogical methodol present in Nietzsche and retaken by the French philosopher to understand the power relations through which the researcher is produced. It is important to remember that the genealogy does not presuppose immutable essences which are given a priori, because, for it, the subject is understood as the effect of a given state forces. Thus, we sought to understand the conditions and circumstances in which the researcher subject was born, developed and changed, or, in other words, we sought his empirical birth. In order to understand the formation of the researcher subject, the category of device had fundamental importance, since it served as methodological operator aiding in the analysis of discursive practices, power practices and subjectivity process. Among the various devices involved in the constitution of the researcher subject, we chose to focus on the device of time. This one was proposed as a theoretical hypothesis by the author of this work and aimed to give visibility to the field of forces in which the researcher is engendered. The analysis of this device used several and heterogeneous elements, such as public notices, regulations, laws,websites, among others. Nine interviews were also conducted and other twenty-one (made by Gois, 2012, 2013) were consulted. From the analysis it was possible to draw a cartography of the production lines of the researcher's subjectivity, perceiving through school-university the kidnapping of his existence. It was noted a must for the time of the researcher to be increasingly used in an extensive and productive way. A number of factors such as reward research productivity (given by of the Conselho Nacional de desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico), the lattes curriculum, assessments of post-graduate (made by the Coordenação de Pessoal de Ensino Superior), among others contributed for this. If on one hand the device of time acts on researchers by giving them certain contours, on the other had resistance emerges in opposition – especially expressed through the exercise of reflection as a practice of freedom. Thus, in conclusion, it was emphasized that the researcher form finds a special place to be in the University. There are, however, researcher subjects who are escaping the forms of subjectivity experienced by the device of time that are outside this frame that constitutes the researcher in the universities. It is noteworthy, therefore, the need for other forms of existence and subjectivity that transpose the device of time.

Inspirando-se em Michel Foucault, especialmente em suas contribuições acerca das relações de poder e da ética do cuidado de si, esta pesquisa teve por finalidade responder o seguinte problema: de que forma se dá a constituição do sujeito pesquisador, na Universidade Estadual de Maringá, a partir do dispositivo do tempo? Partiu-se, assim, do método genealógico, presente em Nietzsche e retomado pelo filósofo francês, para compreender as relações de forças por meio das quais o pesquisador é produzido. Ressalta-se que a genealogia não pressupõe essências imutáveis, dadas a priori, pois, para ela, o próprio sujeito é compreendido enquanto efeito de um determinado estado de forças. Assim, buscou-se o conhecimento das condições e circunstâncias nas quais o sujeito pesquisador nasceu,desenvolveu-se e modificou-se ou, em outras palavras, buscou-se seu nascimento empírico.Para compreender a constituição do sujeito pesquisador, a categoria de dispositivo teve papel fundamental, já que serviu como operador metodológico auxiliando na análise das práticas discursivas, de poder e de subjetivação. Dentre os diversos dispositivos envolvidos na constituição do sujeito pesquisador, optou-se por enfocar o dispositivo do tempo. Este foi proposto enquanto uma hipótese teórica pelo autor deste trabalho e teve por finalidade dar visibilidade ao campo de forças no qual o pesquisador é engendrado. A análise desse dispositivo recorreu a elementos diversos e heterogêneos, tais como editais, regulamentos,leis, páginas da internet, entre outros. Também foram realizadas 9 entrevistas e consultadas outras 21 (vinte e uma) realizadas por Gois (2012,2013). A partir das análises realizadas foi possível desenhar uma cartografia das linhas de produção da subjetividade do pesquisador, percebendo-se, por meio da escola-universidade, o sequestro de sua existência. Notou-se um imperativo para que o tempo do pesquisador seja cada vez mais utilizado de forma exaustiva e produtiva. Contribui para isso uma série de elementos como as bolsas de produtividade em pesquisa (ofertadas por meio de editais do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico), o currículo lattes, as avaliações dos cursos de pós-graduação (realizados pela Coordenação de Pessoal de Ensino Superior), dentre outros. Contudo, se o dispositivo do tempo age sobre os pesquisadores dando-lhes certos contornos, surgem, em oposição, as resistências – expressas especialmente por meio do exercício da reflexão enquanto uma prática de liberdade. Diante disso, como conclusão, ressaltou-se que a forma pesquisador encontra na Universidade um lugar privilegiado de ser. Há, entretanto, à margem dessa moldura que constitui o pesquisador nas universidades sujeitos que fazem pesquisa e que escapam às formas de subjetivação sofridas pelo dispositivo do tempo. Ressalta-se, desse modo, a necessidade de criar outras formas de existência e subjetivação que transponham o dispositivo do tempo. / Inspired by Michel Foucault, especially in his contributions on the power relations and ethics of self-care, this research aimed to answer the following problem: how is the researcher subject constituted , in the State University of Maringá, from the device of time? The author of this work used the genealogical methodol present in Nietzsche and retaken by the French philosopher to understand the power relations through which the researcher is produced. It is important to remember that the genealogy does not presuppose immutable essences which are given a priori, because, for it, the subject is understood as the effect of a given state forces. Thus, we sought to understand the conditions and circumstances in which the researcher subject was born, developed and changed, or, in other words, we sought his empirical birth. In order to understand the formation of the researcher subject, the category of device had fundamental importance, since it served as methodological operator aiding in the analysis of discursive practices, power practices and subjectivity process. Among the various devices involved in the constitution of the researcher subject, we chose to focus on the device of time. This one was proposed as a theoretical hypothesis by the author of this work and aimed to give visibility to the field of forces in which the researcher is engendered. The analysis of this device used several and heterogeneous elements, such as public notices, regulations, laws,websites, among others. Nine interviews were also conducted and other twenty-one (made by Gois, 2012, 2013) were consulted. From the analysis it was possible to draw a cartography of the production lines of the researcher's subjectivity, perceiving through school-university the kidnapping of his existence. It was noted a must for the time of the researcher to be increasingly used in an extensive and productive way. A number of factors such as reward research productivity (given by of the Conselho Nacional de desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico), the lattes curriculum, assessments of post-graduate (made by the Coordenação de Pessoal de Ensino Superior), among others contributed for this. If on one hand the device of time acts on researchers by giving them certain contours, on the other had resistance emerges in opposition – especially expressed through the exercise of reflection as a practice of freedom. Thus, in conclusion, it was emphasized that the researcher form finds a special place to be in the University. There are, however, researcher subjects who are escaping the forms of subjectivity experienced by the device of time that are outside this frame that constitutes the researcher in the universities. It is noteworthy, therefore, the need for other forms of existence and subjectivity that transpose the device of time.

Os atrasos de obra têm se tornado comuns na indústria da construção, afetando o desempenho dos empreendimentos e causando prejuízos consideráveis para todos os envolvidos. Este trabalho analisa as principais causas de atraso em projetos de construção e propõe um método estruturado que auxilie o uso efetivo de ferramentas de planejamento físico, bem como boas práticas e instrumentos de controle de prazo. Inicialmente, realizou-se uma ampla revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema. Em seguida, uma pesquisa de campo em 50 obras relacionadas a empreendimentos imobiliários (construídos em um período de cerca de nove anos) para se identificar os principais fatores que influenciaram seus atrasos. Com base neste estudo inicial, propôs-se um primeiro referencial estruturado de práticas de planejamento e gestão de prazos que evitem a ocorrência dos vários problemas ou causas de atrasos levantados na pesquisa anterior. Estudou-se a viabilidade destas práticas através de uma segunda pesquisa de campo detalhada, em outras 8 obras mais recentes de mesma tipologia. Além disso, buscou-se uma validação das práticas por profissionais que atuam nos processos de planejamento de construtoras. Finalmente os resultados de todas estas análises são utilizados para refinar e consolidar um método que evite a ocorrência de atrasos e que apoie uma boa gestão de prazos de obra em projetos imobiliários. / Delays are common in the construction industry. They create many concerns for project performance and cause considerable losses to project parties. This research analyze the main causes of delay in construction projects, and it propose a structured method to improve the current use of time planning tools and control instruments. Initially, a literature review and a field survey with 50 real estate construction projects in Brazilian cities (built in a period of nine years) are conducted to identify the main factors influencing the delays. Next, tools and assumptions to improve the control of project deadlines are identified, thus avoiding the occurrence of various problems raised in the previous survey. This study also proposes a time management framework that consolidates these practices and tools studied. The viability of the practices is measured in other recent projects, by a second field survey in 8 recent construction projects. In addition, validation of the practices by professionals who work in planning processes in construction companies was done. Finally, the results of all these analyses are used to consolidate a method to avoid delay occurrence and to support good time management in real estate projects.

O aprimoramento de processos de gerenciamento de empreendimentos é um fator condicionante para que uma empresa mantenha sua competitividade no mercado de empreendimentos imobiliários de edifícios de apartamentos. O gerenciamento de prazos está entre os processos que concentra maiores esforços durante as fases de planejamento e implantação de um empreendimento, pois desvios de prazo geralmente afetam sensivelmente sua rentabilidade. O objetivo desta pesquisa é apresentar uma abordagem de gerenciamento de riscos orientada ao gerenciamento de prazos com ênfase na identificação de alertas antecipados a condições de risco de cumprimento de prazos. A partir do reconhecimento do estado da arte sobre o tema, um estudo de caso foi conduzido em empresas que atuam no mercado de empreendimentos imobiliários de edifícios de apartamentos na cidade de São Paulo. Este estudo permitiu a exploração do conjunto de práticas de gerenciamento de prazos e riscos e dos alertas utilizados por estas empresas no gerenciamento de seus empreendimentos. A abordagem proposta se baseia na integração entre os processos de gerenciamento de prazos e riscos, possibilitando a utilização de alertas antecipados como suporte ao processo de tomada de decisões, permitindo reagir rapidamente, tão logo um alerta seja identificado. / The improvement of the project management process is a key factor for a company to keep its competitiveness in the real estate market. Time management demands great efforts during the planning and implementation phases of a project, since schedule delays usually affect the project profits in a significant way. The objective of this research is to present an approach to risk management oriented to time management processes with emphasis on the identification of early warnings about risk conditions to time of conclusion. Based on the recognition of the state-of-the-art of this subject, a case study was conducted in companies that act in the apartment building real estate market in the city of São Paulo. This case study enabled us to exploit a set of time and risk management practices and early warnings used by these companies while managing their projects. The approach proposed is based on the integration of time and risk management processes, making possible for us the use of early warning as a support to decision making process, allowing us to react quickly, as soon as a warning is identified.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2018-05-08T20:06:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 soniamaramarques.pdf: 1066529 bytes, checksum: 52cf690102e3173e0f1bd0fc5b6da302 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-05-09T11:18:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 soniamaramarques.pdf: 1066529 bytes, checksum: 52cf690102e3173e0f1bd0fc5b6da302 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-09T11:18:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 soniamaramarques.pdf: 1066529 bytes, checksum: 52cf690102e3173e0f1bd0fc5b6da302 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-19 / PROQUALI (UFJF) / A justificativa para esse trabalho pauta-se no fato de que estudiosos empenham-se em analisar os efeitos da liderança, esforço, recompensas, significado do trabalho, entre outros temas. Entretanto, verifica-se que a percepção da gestão do tempo, assim como as crenças que os indivíduos acreditam e estão dispostos a se empenharem no âmbito profissional possam se articular em relação à motivação e ao desempenho, existindo aí um espaço a ser pesquisado. Assim, quais seriam os efeitos das crenças e da percepção da gestão do tempo na motivação e desempenho para o trabalho? O objetivo geral desse estudo é verificar a relação dos construtos crenças e percepção da gestão do tempo na motivação e no desempenho. A metodologia foi quantitativa, descritiva, aplicada, de campo e bibliográfica. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um questionário estruturado, tipo Likert, criado para a pesquisa e aplicado a 395 profissionais, que trabalhavam na ocasião, na cidade mineira de Juiz de Fora. Entre os resultados apresentados, constatou-se que as crenças e a percepção da gestão do tempo foram capazes de explicar 14,10% da variabilidade da motivação. Assim, cabe investigar a agregação desses dois construtos a outras variáveis, a fim de se obter um modelo que contribui com maior precisão para o entendimento de um comportamento motivado. Observou-se também com o tratamento estatístico que, quanto maiores as crenças, maior a motivação, e quanto maior a percepção da gestão do tempo, maior a motivação. Essas afirmativas sinalizam que as organizações devem atentar para as crenças do funcionário, visto que a motivação desses profissionais pode ser trabalhada a partir do conhecimento de quais crenças estão atuando, por exemplo, num projeto de mudança organizacional, no qual é essencial a motivação dos envolvidos para um melhor desempenho. Em relação ao desempenho, a constatação de que quanto maiores as crenças, maior o desempenho, e quanto maior a percepção da gestão do tempo, maior o desempenho, traz recomendações de que se torna necessário investir na capacitação em gestão do tempo a fim de melhorar o desempenho humano, tanto de contexto quanto de tarefa. Nessa linha de entendimento, verificou-se também que as crenças, a percepção da gestão de tempo e a motivação foram capazes de explicar 36,90% da variabilidade do desempenho, o que se torna uma contribuição teórica interessante, considerando a subjetividade dos construtos estudados. Os fins dessa pesquisa foram alcançados, mediante a confirmação estatística da influência positiva dos construtos crenças e percepção da gestão do tempo na motivação e no desempenho no trabalho. / The justification for this study is based on the fact that scholars are concerned with studying the effects of leadership, effort, rewards, meaning of work, among other subjects. However, it is verified that the perception of time management, as well as the beliefs in the sense of what individuals believe and are willing to engage in the professional scope can be articulated in relation to motivation and performance, having in this focus a space to be researched. So the question is: what are the effects of beliefs and the perception of time management on motivation and performance for work? Therefore, the overall objective of this study is to verify the relationship of constructs beliefs and perception of time management in motivation and performance. The research methodology was quantitative, descriptive, applied, field and bibliographical. Data were collected using a structured Likert questionnaire, created for the research, applied to 395 professionals who were working on the occasion of the research, in the city of Juiz de Fora. Among the results presented, beliefs and perception of time management were able to explain 14.10% of the variability of motivation. Thus, it is worth investigating the aggregation of these two constructs to other variables, in order to obtain a model that contributes more accurately to the understanding of a motivated behavior. However, it has also been observed with statistical treatment that the higher the beliefs, the greater the motivation and the greater the perception of time management, the greater the motivation. These assertions indicate that organizations should better attend to the beliefs that the employee brings, since the motivation of these professionals can be worked out from the knowledge of which beliefs they are acting, for example, in a project of organizational change, in which the Motivation for better performance. Regarding performance, the finding that the higher the beliefs, the higher the performance and the higher the perception of time management, the higher the performance brings recommendations in the sense that it becomes necessary to invest in the training in time management to To improve human performance, both in context and task. In this line of understanding, it was also verified that beliefs, time management perception and motivation were able to explain 36.90% of the variability of performance, which becomes an interesting theoretical contribution, considering the subjectivity of the constructs studied. The purpose of this research was achieved through statistical confirmation of the positive influence of constructs beliefs and perception of time management in motivation and performance in work.

The aim of this masters thesis is to create a customized visualization web application of consulting services statistics. This to allow users to get an overview of time management through clear visual links between developers, customers and tasks. The design of the application is based on literature in usability and information visualization as well as a usability test. This thesis work resulted in a JavaScript based web application using the web framework CakePHP which follows a model-view-controller architectural pattern with visualization components implemented in Javascript.

La tesis propuesta es una investigación cuantitativa de diseño longitudinal, el objetivo de este estudio es implementar una metodología de Gestión en proyectos en Tunelería Subterránea con similares características a la analizada. (SIMAREG S.R.L), que involucra los procesos de Gestión de Costos y Tiempo, tomando como referencia la Metodología del Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK), para el análisis, se identificaron los factores que afectan el cumplimiento de labores en la operación, como también los métodos de trabajo, y los sistemas de control; a este análisis se acompañan propuestas que mejoran y/o complementan las entradas, herramientas y técnicas y salidas, con la finalidad de poder controlar y demostrar que el proyecto puede realizarse dentro del tiempo requerido así como optimizar una adecuada distribución de recursos y una reducción de los costos generando así una mayor rentabilidad. The thesis proposal is a quantitative research and a longitudinal design, the objective of this study is to implement a project management methodology in Tunnelling Underground with similar characteristics to that analyzed. (SIMAREG SRL), involving processes about Costs and Time Management with reference to the methodology of the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK), for analyze, the factors affecting the performance of functions in the operation were identified as the working methods and control systems; this analysis proposals that enhance and / or complement the inputs, tools and techniques and outputs,, in order to be able to control and demonstrate that the project can be accomplished within the required time and optimize the appropriate distribution of resources and cost Reduction Generating support profitability.

The aim for this project was thus to present a web application to ease the time reporting process and to create an overview of company data. The overview is a concept represented with information visualization. A usability test was conducted in order to ascertain whether the aim was reached and to gain insight in how the application could be further improved in the future.

Doctor of Philosophy / Curriculum and Instruction Programs / Socorro G. Herrera / Teresa Miller / The purpose of this study was to identify where secondary public school principals are spending their time while at school by using the population of secondary school principals in Nevada as a study group. A secondary purpose was to identify any statistically significant differences between how Nevada secondary public school principals spend their time in relation to grade configuration: middle school vs. high school, the size of the building they serve, age of the principal, gender of the principal, years of administrative experience and annual yearly progress classification. All secondary principals in the state of Nevada were sent the Time Management for Secondary School Principals’ survey instrument with a (Likert-type) rating scale developed by the researcher. Two statistically significant differences emerged as a result of this study. One, principals of schools with student enrollments of 1,001 students or more rate themselves as spending more time on management items than do principals with student enrollments of 1,000 students or less. Two, females rate themselves as spending more time on instructional leadership items than do their male counterparts. Also, the need to focus on critical components of instructional leadership so that principals can adequately address the 43% of schools not making annual yearly progress in Nevada is discussed. The intent of this study was to identify areas where time was being wasted so that recommendations could be provided to help principals balance their time in a more efficient manner. Principals identified strategies that could prevent focusing all their efforts on managerial issues and allow time for instructional leadership activities. Also, the perception vs. reality and practice vs. theory topics are discussed in relation to time management and instructional leadership. The findings derived from this study are reported in chapter 4 and recommendations to principals regarding effective time management strategies based on responses of Nevada principals are reported in chapter 5.