The purposes of this study were to describe patterns of time use and to identify some of the sources of the gender gap in time expenditures in both urban and rural China. Based on previous theoretical perspectives, a number of individual and family structure characteristics were proposed to form a parsimonious and distinct model. Bivariate analysis, ANOVA, and multiple regression with interaction terms were used to test hypotheses that linked predictive variables with the dependent variables of the inquiry. Empirical work of the study was based on the 1990 survey data from a representative sample of adult Chinese persons living in Hubei Province, People's Republic of China. The descriptive results provided abundant information about gender differences in paid work, housework and leisure activities. On the whole, urban women had an equal amount of paid work as men had, their unpaid housework hours doubled or tripled their men's, and their leisure time was one hour less than men's. The gender gap in time use was larger in rural areas than in urban ones. The ANOVA results confirmed the majority of the aforementioned findings as significant. The multiple regression results identified the determinants of time use as follows: Once the other variables were held constant, (1) age, education, and income were predictive of paid work time; (2) sex, paid work time, education, and marital status had a significant impact on housework time; and (3) sex, time spent on paid work and housework, age, education, and income affected leisure time. The three models were found to be more applicable to the rural setting than to the urban one. The conclusions raised questions requiring policy development in China, and theoretical improvement and future research in both China and America. / Ph. D.

The aim of this thesis is to analyze the available time management tools to evaluate the market and that are used in practice and most popular. The first part describes the existing principles of time and perception of time in terms of individuals and groups. A separate subsection is devoted to defining the concept of time management and description of the generations of time management. The second part is no longer specifically mentioned time management tools available on the Czech market. They are divided into two categories, and the devices used to control the time and the methods and principles of time management. The third part focuses on the evaluation questionnaires, which aimed to determine the use and popularity of time management tools. Specific findings and evaluation are summarized in the final part of the work.

Fan, Yi. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-82). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2. --- Background --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1. --- Son Preference in China --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2. --- Unbalanced Sex Ratio in China --- p.9 / Chapter 3. --- Literature Review --- p.10 / Chapter 3.1. --- Reasons for Different Investment in Sons and Daughters --- p.11 / Chapter 3.2. --- The Mechanism by Which Child gender Affects Parental Time Allocation --- p.15 / Chapter 4. --- Empirical Strategy and Data Description --- p.21 / Chapter 4.1. --- Empirical Strategy --- p.21 / Chapter 4.2. --- Data Description --- p.26 / Chapter 5. --- Empirical Results --- p.30 / Chapter 5.1. --- OLS Estimation --- p.30 / Chapter 5.2. --- Instrumental-Variables Estimation --- p.34 / Chapter 5.3. --- Fixed-effects Estimation --- p.44 / Chapter 6. --- Conclusion --- p.53 / Figures and Tables --- p.55 / Appendices --- p.74 / Bibliography --- p.79

This diploma thesis deals with the topic of school manager's self-management in the art schools area. Thesis aim was to ascertain what the art schools' headmasters in Pilsen and South Bohemia region reckon as part of self management, what influences their self management and how is this influence displayed in their professional and personal lives. Partial aim of this work was to find out if the headmasters educate themselves in the self management area and if yes in what way. In the theoretical part the work comes out of the human resource management and working performance area. It deals with the headmasters' competences and roles, self management, time management, delegation, burnout syndrome, stress techniques and life balance. It elaborately deals with the emotional intelligence and headmaster's career stages in connection with the self management area is influenced by them. The practise brings research results, which was realized by research and additional interviews. The research found out very interesting discoveries from the pedagogical-art schooling, from the working and personal lives of crucial persons in this educational sphere - art schools headmasters. The experiences and in some cases statements about serious consequences of not asserting the self management mechanisms are recorded...

Globalization that diminishes the barriers to trade worldwide has transformed the structure of production and increased the global competition in the textile and apparel industry. Especially, the elimination of quotas on January 2005 has totally changed the whole scenario of the apparel industry. A boom has been noticed in the emerging markets. Buyers shift their maximum orders to the low cost countries to increase their profit margins. China has gained its popularity among the European and American buyers because of the cheap labor and large scales of production and has become the world’s largest exporter of textile and apparel. The traditional competitive factor among the buyers is the lower cost of the product but the changing markets trends and demand volatility pushes the buyers to focus also on quality and lead times in addition to price. Due to the huge competition among the cluster of brands, retailers and wholesalers, lead time is becoming critical as longer lead times increases the risk of bottleneck to sales. China is the most important apparel supplier for the EU (especially Germany, the UK, and France) because it provides the cost benefit to the sourcing companies, but at the same time, it increases the lead times and also has more environmental impact in terms of pollution because of the long geographical distance.This thesis highlights that there is a remarkable rise of the labor cost in China, noticed for the last couple of years, which has reduced the competitive factor of price while sourcing from China. This is also an upcoming challenge for the whole world with regards to sourcing strategies. Many sourcing companies are shifting their shares away from China in order to achieve their desired profit margins. Turkey may be an alternative sourcing destination for the European apparel buyers and wholesalers because of its competitive labor cost, favorable government policies, flexibility, sustainability, and proximity to Europe. In this thesis, a pilot study is carried out to determine the relationship and effects of lead times on sales. This thesis also describes the effects of relationships among the business partners on the supply chain flow. It is noted through several pilot studies that the organizations who work in collaboration with their supply chain partners can significantly improve their supply chain efficiency by reducing the inventories, markdowns, lead times, lost sales, and increasing forecast accuracy. There are several tools in use for collaboration such as Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI), Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), Just in Time (JIT), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), and Collaboration, Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment (CPFR). In this paper the CPFR implementation steps, benefits, and hindrances are discussed in detail. / Program: Master programme in Applied Textile Management

The aim of the diploma thesis is to decide on the basis of pilot questionnaire results whether the business plan of the author is viable and long-term financially sustainable.

It is well documented that students from low socioeconomic backgrounds face a significant degree of deficiencies in college opportunity. Previous researchers have shown an estimated 1 in 5 student athletes given the opportunity to compete at the college level come from low socioeconomic backgrounds and encounter more adjustment issues than other students because of the psychological barriers they face. Using Pearlin's theory of psychological distress and Selye's GAS as the foundation, this study explored the extent to which the difference between the perceived time needed and actual time spent in both sports and academic commitment predict psychological distress in first-year high-risk student athletes. Data were collected from 132 first-year high-risk student athletes via an online survey. The survey included Health & Human Service SES questionnaire, Sport and Academic Commitment Questionnaire, and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. Multiple regression analysis revealed that sports commitment differences and academic differences were shown not to predict psychological distress. However, the results consistently showed the student athlete has time discrepancies with sport and academics and on average has moderate to severe psychological distress levels. The results are key to continuing the conversation of student athletes' psychological distress levels and establishing better interventions that specifically address the challenges of being a high-risk student athlete. If specific interventions target high-risk student athletes' mental health, they can be better served and more prepared to make the most of the college experience.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur sjuksköterskor på en allmänpediatrisk avdelning disponerar sin tid gällande administrativa arbetsuppgifter jämfört mot direkt och indirekt patientkontakt. För att granska detta fenomen utfördes en aktivitetsstudie. Metod designen var icke experimentell deskriptiv observationsstudie. Där sju olika sjuksköterskor följdes under femton dagar där tidmätning skedde av på förhand kategoriserade aktiviteter. Kategoriseringsschema innehöll nio olika kategorier. Resultatet visade att 19,53 procent av arbetspasset vilket motsvarar 97 minuter spenderades med direkt patientkontakt respektive de 24,3 procent vilket motsvarar 120 minuter per dag till administrativa göromål. Dessutom uppmättes det att sjuksköterskorna blev avbrutna i snitt 26 gånger under ett åtta timmars arbetspass vilket resulterar till 3,25 avbrott per timme. Forskarnas slutsats är att det finns flera fördelar med ökad tid för patientkontakt och att detta är synnerhet gällande på en allmänpediatrisk avdelning. / The aim of the study was to examine how nurses at a general pediatric unit dispose of their time regarding administrative duties compared to direct interaction with the patient. To appropriately survey this phenomenon an activity study was conducted. The method for data collection was a nonexperimental descriptive observational study where seven nurses were followed for a total of fifteen days where the amount of time of their activities where noted according to an activity schedule that was formed beforehand. The schedule contained nine categories including the amount of interruptions nurses where subject to. The result of the study showed that roughly 19,53 percent of the nurses’ time, which is the equivalent to 97 minutes, were spent directly with the patients compared to the 24,3 percent, which amounts to 120 minutes a day, she spent with administrative tasks. Furthermore it was found that a nurse is in average interrupted 26 times during an eight hour shift which gives an average of 3,25 interruptions every hour. In conclusion the authors found ground that there are many benefits with increased nurse-patient time and believe this is especially true in a general pediatric unit.

This thesis study analyzed the individual difference factors affecting the success of online instruction. The factors that were examined are mastery goal orientation, learning self efficacy, and conscientiousness. The success of online instruction was examined in terms of the knowledge and skill acquisition during training, the practice level, and program completion rate. To investigate the effects of the hypothesized factors, an online instruction program on time management, fast and effective reading, and memory skills was developed and administered to a sample of college students. Results showed that the developed online instruction program improved time management knowledge and fast reading skills of participants. Additionally, conscientiousness was found to predict the program completion rate. On the other hand, results failed to support the suggestions that mastery goal orientation would predict the undertaken practice level and the improvements in knowledge and skill levels. The proposed predictive relationships between learning self-efficacy and practice level as well as between conscientiousness and practice level were not supported either. Finally, the claim that completing the training program would improve the learning self efficacy of the participants was not supported.

Logical time management is used to synchronize the executions of distributed simulation elements. In existing time management systems, such as High Level Architecture (HLA), logical times of the simulation elements are synchronized. However, in some cases synchronization can unnecessarily decrease the performance of the system. In the proposed HLA based time management mechanism, federates are clustered into logically related groups. The relevance of federates is taken to be a function of proximity which is defined as the distance between them in the virtual space. Thus, each federate cluster is composed of relatively close federates according to calculated distances. When federate clusters are sufficiently far from each other, there is no need to synchronize them, as they do not relate each other. So in PATiM mechanism, inter-cluster logical times are not synchronized when clusters are sufficiently distant. However, if the distant federate clusters get close to each other, they will need to resynchronize their logical times. This temporal partitioning is aimed at reducing network traffic and time management calculations and also increasing the concurrency between federates. The results obtained based on case applications have verified that clustering improves local performance as soon as federates become unrelated.