Post deregulation, many U.S. airlines created hubs with banked schedules, however, in the past decade these same airlines began to experiment with depeaking their schedules to reduce costs and improve operational performance. To date there has been little research that has investigated revenue and operational shifts associated with depeaked schedules; yet understanding the trade-offs among revenue, costs, and operational performance at a network level is critical before airlines will consider future depeaking and related congestion-management strategies. This study develops data cleaning and analysis methodologies based on publicly available data that are used to quantify airport-level and network-level revenue and operational changes associated with schedule depeaking. These methodologies are applied to six case studies of airline depeaking over the past decade. Results show that depeaking is associated with revenue per available seat mile (RASM) increasing slower than the rest of the network and the industry as a whole. Depeaking is associated with improved operations for both the depeaking airlines and competitors. Airports benefit from increases in non-aeronautical sales associated with connecting passengers spending more time in the terminal. The underlying reasons driving airlines' scheduling decisions during depeaking vary greatly by case. Results from the study provide insights for airlines that are considering depeaking and the airports which are affected. The results suggest that losses in RASM and no improvement in operations could potentially lead an airline to repeak, and that RASM is prone to fall when a strong competitive threat exists.

Data distribution management (DDM) is a mechanism to interconnect data producers and data consumers in a distributed application. Data producers provide useful data to consumers in the form of messages. For each message produced, DDM determines the set of data consumers interested in receiving the message and delivers it to those consumers. We are particularly interested in DDM techniques for parallel and distributed discrete event simulations. Thus far, researchers have treated synchronization of events (i.e. time management) and DDM independent of each other. This research focuses on how to realize time managed DDM mechanisms. The main reason for time-managed DDM is to ensure that changes in the routing of messages from producers to consumers occur in a correct sequence. Also time managed DDM avoids non-determinism in the federation execution, which may result in non-repeatable executions. An optimistic approach to time managed DDM is proposed where one allows DDM events to be processed out of time stamp order, but a detection and recovery procedure is used to recover from such errors. These mechanisms are tailored to the semantics of the DDM operations to ensure an efficient realization. A correctness proof is presented to verify the algorithm correctly synchronizes DDM events. We have developed a fully distributed implementation of the algorithm within the framework of the Georgia Tech Federated Simulation Development Kit (FDK) software. A performance evaluation of the synchronized DDM mechanism has been completed in a loosely coupled distributed system consisting of a network of workstations connected over a local area network (LAN). We compare time-managed versus unsynchronized DDM for two applications that exercise different mobility patterns: one based on a military simulation and a second utilizing a synthetic workload. The experiments and analysis illustrate that synchronized DDM performance depends on several factors: the simulations model (e.g. lookahead), applications mobility patterns and the network hardware (e.g. size of network buffers). Under certain mobility patterns, time-managed DDM is as efficient as unsynchronized DDM. There are also mobility patterns where time-managed DDM overheads become significant, and we show how they can be reduced.

Šiame darbe, aptariama šeimos – darbo balanso teorija ir jos taikymo svarba. Išanalizuojamos pagrindinės lanksčios darbo organizavimo formos bei aptariama jų reikšmė šeimų stabilumui, darbuotojui bei darbdaviui . Lanksčios darbo organizavimo formos yra priemonių visuma, leidžianti darbuotojui pasirinkti tinkamiausią būdą atlikti profesines užduotis, suderinti darbinius bei asmeninius įsipareigojimus ir išlikti darbo rinkoje net kritiškiausiais šeimos gyvenimo ciklo momentais, tokiais kaip vaiko gimimas, neįgalių asmenų priežiūra namuose ir kt. Šių priemonių įgyvendinimas priklauso ne tik nuo valstybės valdžios sprendimų palankios šeimai politikos įgyvendinime, tačiau ir nuo pačių darbdavių požiūrio , jų turimos motyvacijos taikyti palankios šeimai politikos priemones. Darbe siekiama atskleisti darbdavių požiūrį į darbuotojų, auginančių vaikus, šeimos ir darbo sferų derinimą. Taip pat palyginti darbdavių nuomon su darbuotojų požiūriu į tas pačias problemas. Remiantis A.Maslauskaitės teorija (2004 m), jog rinkos ūkis kuria šeimai nedraugišką aplinką, o darbo rinkoje sėkm pasiekia tik tie individai, kurie nėra saistomi asmeninių įsipareigojimų, atliktas anketinis lyginamasis dviejų oponuojančių grupių nuomonių tyrimas. Autorės atlikto tyrimo rezultatai rodo, jog žymiai daugiau darbdavių, nei darbuotojų link manyti, kad darbuotojai turi pakankamai laiko asmeniniam gyvenimui, savo šeimoms, kad užimtumas darbe nebūtinai riboja individų tarpusavio santykius. / This thesis is a comprehensive analysis of work-family balance theory and the implications of its implementation. The thesis investigates major forms of flexible work organization as well as examines their impact for employer, employee and stability in the family of employee. Forms of flexible work organization aggregate to a set of measures which enable the employee to choose the most suitable way to perform entitled tasks, coordinate professional and personal obligations and remain in the labour market during critical periods of the family life cycle such as birth of a child, homecare of people with disabilities, etc. The successful implementation of these measures depends not only on the decisions of governmental institutions but also on the approach of employers and their motivation to implement flexible measures for favourable family policy conditions. The thesis is aimed to reveal employer‘s approach to employees who seek to combine family and work. Also, analyse and compare the opinions of employers and employees to the same problems. The research part consists of a comparative opinion survey between two opposing groups. It has been carried out on the basis of A. Maslauskaitė theory (2004) which suggests that existing rules of labour market create unfavourable conditions for family while successful career is available only for those who are not bounded by personal obligations. The results of the research indicate that there are many more employers than employees who... [to full text]

Self-paced study involves choosing items for (re)study and determining how much time will be allocated to those items so as to maximize later recall, making it a viable venue for examining whether there are age-related differences in metacognitive control. Two prominent models have been proposed to account for item selection and study time allocation behaviors during self-paced study. The Discrepancy Reduction Model (DRM; Dunlosky & Hertzog, 1998; Nelson & Leonesio, 1988) suggests individuals will always select and allocate the most time to items that have not yet been learned, whereas the Region of Proximal Learning model (RPL; Metcalfe, 2002) predicts individuals will select the easiest unknown items and will only later select and allocate time to the more difficult items if time constraints permit, thus making distinctions among unlearned items graded by difficulty. Two experiments were conducted to examine whether younger and older adults item selection and study time allocation behaviors would be more consistent with DRM or RPL model predictions. Across both experiments younger and older adults initially selected easier items for study, providing the first evidence to date that the RPL model would extend to older adults self-paced study of heterogeneously difficult Spanish-English vocabulary pairs. However, both younger and older adults allocated more time to difficult than easier items. The assignment of point values to items in Experiment 2 affected how likely participants were to pursue each of four experimenter-determined task goals that either stressed the number of words recalled, points earned, or both. Whether point values initially favored recall of easy or difficult items interacted with time constraints to influence the basis (objective versus subjective difficulty) and order of participants item selections (Experiment 2). However, younger adults were better able to effectively allocate their study time to achieve self-determined (Experiment 1) and experimenter-determined goals (Experiment 2), indicating age-related differences in metacognitive control despite younger and older adults having similar memory self-efficacy ratings and encoding strategy use behaviors.

The purpose of this diploma thesis is to analyse time management methods and their application in secondary education. The theoretical part of the thesis focuses on different time management methods, which are available to teachers and pupils in secondary education. Special attention is paid to the representation of this topic in the Framework Educational Programs (FEPs) for basic education, Gymnasium and secondary vocational education. The practical part deals with how teachers and pupils use these methods. Teachers are also asked how they pass their knowledge of time management to their pupils. The research is realized in the form of semi- structured interviews with teachers and psychologists. The interviews showed that time management is not systematically taught in schools. The result of this diploma thesis is a description of useful methods and recommendations for their practical application in the educational process.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-08-25 / Introdução: o cuidado com a ferida operatória é controverso na literatura, com recomendações diversas, desde não se colocar curativo, mantê-lo por 24 a 48h, ou mantê-lo até a retirada das suturas. Objetivo: Avaliar a influência do tempo de permanência do curativo após mamoplastia redutora na colonização cutânea, na infecção da ferida operatória e na opinião das pacientes. Métodos: 70 pacientes com indicação para mamoplastia redutora foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em dois grupos. No grupo PO1 o curativo foi retirado no 1o dia pós-operatório e no grupo PO6 o curativo foi retirado no 6º dia pós-operatório. A colonização cutânea foi verificada por meio de culturas de coletas em momentos padronizados. A avaliação da ferida operatória quanto à infecção seguiu os critérios definidos pelo Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). A opinião das pacientes quanto ao curativo foi verificada no 13º dia pós- operatório. Resultados: no 6º dia pós-operatório houve um maior número de unidades formadoras de colônias, no grupo PO1. Nove pacientes (12,9%) apresentaram infecção, sete no grupo PO1 (20%) e duas no grupo PO6 (6%). Das pacientes do grupo PO1, 66% prefeririam manter o curativo por um dia e do grupo PO6, 83% prefeririam manter o curativo por seis dias. Conclusões: a colonização no 6º dia pós-operatório foi maior no grupo PO1. Não houve diferença entre os grupos quanto à ocorrência de infecção da ferida operatória. As pacientes demonstraram preferência e acharam mais seguro a permanência do curativo até o sexto dia pós-operatório. / Background: There is controversy in the literature regarding the treatment of surgical wounds, which includes different approaches to wound management, such as “not to dress the wound” to “leave the dressing in place for 24-48 hours” or “until sutures are removed”. Objective: To evaluate the effect of the length of time the dressings were left in place after reduction mammaplasty on skin colonization, surgical site infection, and patient opinion. Methods: Seventy patients undergoing reduction mammaplasty were randomly divided into two groups: group PO1 (dressing was removed on the first postoperative day) and group PO6 (dressing was removed on the sixth postoperative day). Skin colonization was detected by culture of samples collected at predefined time points. Surgical site infections were classified according to the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Patient satisfaction was assessed on postoperative day 13. Results: A larger number of colony-forming units were measured in group PO1 on postoperative day 6. Nine (12.9%) patients had surgical site infection (seven from group PO1, and two from group PO2). In group PO1, 66% of the patients chose to keep the dressing for one day, while 83% of the patients in group PO6 chose to keep the dressing for six days. Conclusions: Higher colonization levels were observed in group PO1 on the sixth postoperative day. There was no difference in surgical site infection between groups. Most of the patients chose to keep the dressing in place for six days postoperatively, and felt it was safer. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

Last decade of society development brought numerous essential changes, which are reflected in the forming of working time. This work tries to give comprehensive view on the progress of working time forming and development (its division and separation, working hours length variation) with the emphasis on unconventional (flexible) methods of working time planning and their usage in contemporary society, that is now more often and required. In final chapter there is brought closer the development of legislative conception of working time in Czechoslovak and Czech legislation.

I den här studien har vi undersökt användbarheten av smartphone-kalendrar i förhållande till högskolestudenters “Personal Ecology of Artifacts”. Eftersom den tekniska utvecklingen går snabbt framåt behövs ny forskning för att fylla den kunskapsluckan om smartphone-kalenderns design för tidsplanering, vilket vi utforskar på akademiska studenter. Vårt syfte med undersökning är att kartlägga vad det är som fungerar, respektive inte fungerar med de smartphone-kalendrarna som används hos studenter. För att ta reda på det har vi genomfört en kvalitativ undersökning där vi höll i en fokusgrupp. De positiva och negativa egenskaperna som vi har sett i användbarheten utifrån vårt empiriska material, är det vi slutligen kommer att presentera

O segmento de Consultoria em Engenharia, ao lado das Universidades e Centros de Pesquisas, é um dos pilares do desenvolvimento científico-tecnológico do país e é considerado um dos responsáveis pela otimização de investimentos, redução dos prazos e dos custos de implantação de empreendimentos públicos e privados, industrial ou de infra-estrutura. Atualmente, esses empreendimentos vêm passando por modificações significativas, exigindo cada vez um melhor desempenho de seus contratados, tanto nos aspectos de qualidade, desempenho, prazo e custos, quanto nos aspectos associados aos riscos contratuais, pois tornaram -se freqüentes contratações nas modalidades EPC (engineering, procurement, construction) e \"turn-key\". Neste novo cenário, as organizações precisam ser mais competitivas para sobreviverem às condições impostas pelo mercado, e, neste novo contexto, o gerenciamento de prazos tem-se tornado um fator crítico de sucesso. Esta dissertação desenvolve uma extensa revisão das técnicas de gerenciamento de prazos, com ênfase na etapa de programação, e uma análise comparativa das principais técnicas utilizadas no gerenciamento de projetos. Para isto, tomou-se como referência o caso de um projeto real, contratado mediante a modalidade EPC, em desenvolvimento por uma Empresa de Consultoria em Engenharia. Foi realizada a comparação entre os Métodos do Caminho Crítico, Corrente Crítica, Análises Probabilísticas e de Monte Carlo, abordando a aplicabilidade dessas técnicas neste caso. Ao final é feita uma síntese dos principais resultados alcançados, bem como dos requisitos demandados na aplicação de cada uma destas técnicas. / The segment of Consultancy in Engineering, as well as the Universities and the Research Centers are some of the pillars of the scientific -technological development in the country and they have been responsible for optimizing the investments, reducing the deadlines and the costs of project implementation in the public and private sectors, along with the industrial and infra-structure sectors. Nowadays, these projects have been going through major changes, which have demanded better performances from those who are contracted, in areas such as the quality control, performa nces, time and costs, as well as the contract risks, which more often than ever, have fallen into the EPC category (engineering, procurement, and construction) and the \'turn-key\' category. In this new scenario, companies need to be more competitive to live through the conditions imposed by the market, and, in this new context, time management has turned into a critical success factor. This dissertation develops an extensive review of the time management techniques focusing on scheduling and also a comparative analysis of the most important techniques used in Project Management. To do that, a real project was created as reference case in which the EPC category was defined and was developed by an Engineering Consultancy. A comparison among The Critical Path Method and The Critical Chain, Probability Analysis Method and The Monte Carlo Method was made, and it approached the applicability of these techniques in this case. At the end, there is a summary of the most important outcomes, as well as the necessary conditions to apply each of these techniques.

Orientador: Reinaldo Wilson Vieira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T17:55:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aranha_GuiomarTerezinhaCarvalho_D.pdf: 1075475 bytes, checksum: f4e2df58563be1cdd8864a1a094d7ff1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Introdução: A organização do trabalho científico através da lógica e experimentos, a estrutura do estabelecimento de pesquisa individual ou aos diferentes aspectos da vida da comunidade científica foram o eixo de mudanças na relação ciência e tecnologia. A Universidade, dentro deste contexto, se constitui em uma fonte de criação permanente, sistematização e difusão do conhecimento científico e tecnológico. A estatística como instrumento da qualidade se constitui em apoio às ações que visem à otimização dos recursos disponíveis e melhoria da prestação de serviços com qualidade. Objetivo: O estudo proposto, junto à especialidade de Cirurgia Cardíaca/Hospital de Clínicas/Unicamp tem como objetivo identificar um método estatístico que expresse o tempo da presença do doente na sala de operação e construir uma "matriz de relação" de otimização deste tempo, o tempo exato e real da operação. Método: O método de análise de sobrevivência aplicada utilizando o estimador não paramétrico de Kaplan-Meier, permite calcular as curvas de sobrevivência para os tempos em estudo, e com o resultado obtido criar uma "matriz de relação" da otimização do tempo da presença do doente na sala de operação por meio de dez hipóteses que auxiliam na escolha da nova operação, e melhor ocupação da sala. Este estudo tem como parâmetro de referência para o tempo de limpeza da sala de operação, o que a literatura estabelece em aproximadamente 30 minutos, além do tempo de cada tipo de procedimento cirúrgico. A amostra aleatória simples para estimar a curva de sobrevivência constitui-se de 71 pacientes, das operações eletivas de adultos da Cirurgia Cardíaca/Hospital de Clínicas/UNICAMP, durante o ano de 2008. Resultados: Nos resultados encontrados observou-se que os tempos que sobram das operações em média estão em um intervalo de 140 minutos a 200 minutos e excedem de 5 minutos a 90 minutos, para realização de novas operações. No geral, realizou-se em média diariamente uma operação dentro de 520 minutos, para um tempo disponível de 720 minutos. No ano de 2008 foram suspensas 39% das operações, sendo que 81% dos motivos foram "fatores hospitalares extrapacientes" e 19% "relativos ao paciente". Em suma com os resultados obtidos pela metodologia de análise de sobrevivência, metodologia tradicional, e metodologia de gestão da qualidade, é possível cruzar informações e construir passo a passo o conhecimento científico e tecnológico. Conclusão: (1) O tempo do doente na sala de operação é um tempo que tem nele incluso, o tempo de aprendizado pelo aluno, em um hospital escola, universitário. (2) Com o tempo máximo disponível de 720 minutos não é possível realizar outra operação, a não ser utilizando da "matriz de relação", sendo que o tempo máximo disponível varia entre 660 minutos e 690 minutos, considerando-se intervalo de limpeza da sala. (3) Ao otimizar o tempo do doente na sala de operação, através da "matriz de relação", mais doentes serão beneficiados, acarretando uma diminuição da fila de espera para novas operações, garantindo uma eficiente relação custo benefício. (4) A "matriz de relação" fornece dados que permitem visualizar, opinar e decidir qual é a melhor operação a ser realizada e se há tempo disponível para tal / Abstract: Introduction: The science and technology evolution were made by the scientific literature and the scientific methodological theory. The Academy with this background is the continuing source of sistematization and difusion of scientific acknowledge. Statistics as a tool for a quality control might support actions that may promote the available resources optimization and improvements on services with higher quality. Objective: The present study, carried out with the Cardiac Surgery Discipline at Hospital de Clínicas/Unicamp had the aim to identify the best statistical method for patient time at operation room by fitting and bulding up a model for predicted operation room time, and observed operation room time measurements. Method: The method of survival analysis performed using the nonparametric estimator of Kaplan-Meier allows to calculate the survival curves for time to study. Using this analysis was possible to build up a "relationship matrix" for operation room time optimization, predicted operation room time, and observed operation time by choosing ten different hypotheses which assisted for the next operation type to be performed increasing the operation room time availability. The "relationship matrix" took into account as parameters: time period for operation room disinfection that the consulted literature reports to be around 30 minutes; and surgery procedure type performed. This study included 71 patients underwent open-heart surgeries by Discipline of Cardiac Surgery at Hospital de Clinicas/Unicamp randomly sampled during 2008. Results: The remaining mean operation time after the first surgery in the day ranged from 140 to 200 minutes and the exceeding mean operation time after first surgery in the day ranged from 5 to 90 minutes. The average surgeries performed every day were one procedure spending 520 minutes within 720 minutes available for every day. In 2008, 39% of the procedures were postponed, such that 81% of those due to "hospital related" reasons and 19% to "patient related" reasons. In summary, the results showed above using Kaplan-Meier statistical method, traditional methodology, and managing of quality methodology it was possible to build up a scientific acknowledge. Conclusion: (1) The patient time at the operation room inclued a students learning time a school hospital. (2) With the maximum available time (i.e.720 minutes) it is not possible to perform another operation, nonetheless employing the "relationship matrix", with a maximum available time between 660 and 690 minutes, taking into account were inclued in this interval the disinfection room time. (3) By optimizing the patient time at operation room, more patients will be benefit shorting the wating list time for operations and increasing the cost/benefit ratio. (4) The "relationship matrix" gave data that provided valuable information for choosing next operation type based on remained time / Doutorado / Pesquisa Experimental / Doutor em Cirurgia