This thesis is performed on master level and covers an assignment given by the Value Added Services(VAS) department at SSAB (Oxelösund, Sweden). The thesis has been carried out by Mattias Hägglundduring the fall of 2014 atMälardalen University. The transportation industry has over time developed to be more efficient and environmentally aware. Looking at the truck industry shows that the development is strong and constant, new solutions and improvements is being introduced every year. One result of this is reduced fuel consumption and/or increased loading capacity. In the mining industry for example, can a few hundred kilos extra payload make a big different at the end of the day. This constant development seen in many fields is something that SSAB wants to take part in. By using product diversification canthe VAS department reach new customers and secure sales of SSAB steel. Subframes, being a natural step from tipper bodies, are worth to consider as a possible project start-up. Combined with SSABs current tipper body program could a new subframe make its way to the market. This project have adapted a new product development process in order to come up with a subframe design not yet physically tested, but theoretically superior to conventional subframes. Each development phase of this process is explained and executed in the report, giving the reader a detailed step-by-step overview. The projects result builds on the knowledge attained from the course of the project and simulation results. With the use of a CAD-program and by applying FEM, have a number of concepts been analysed with regards to their strength and rigidity. The simulation results have made it possible to design a final solution where a number of demands and desired properties have been fulfilled. The result from this thesis work have reduced the weight by 7%, increased rigidity about 20% and substantially improved the strength in comparison to a typical subframe. This shows that there are possibilities to improve on the current subframe design, and that there is cause for SSAB to make further research and development in the subject of tipper body subframes.

Diploma thesis deals with a design of a tractor earthmoving tipper and a stress analysis of its bath body. The first part contains an overview of similar construction solutions and a summary of related legislative requirements. Next part is followed up by a description of the tipper and its load conditions. The main part is focused on a stress analysis itself. Achieved results are evaluated at the end of this thesis. A partial technical documentation is also part of this work. This thesis was created in cooperation with company ZDT Nové Veselí.

This master’s thesis deals with research similar self-loading packege transporters. The stress analysis and modification of the selected transporter are followed. The master thesis contains stress analysis of the original version, design of a modified version and stress analysis of the modified version. Then the original and modified versions are compared.

The resolution power of single Very Low Frequency (VLF) data and multi-frequency Radiomagnetotelluric (RMT) data in delineating conductive structures typical for the sedimentary cover and crystalline basement in Scandinavia is studied with a view to future developments of the technique to increasing the frequency range into the LW radio band. Airborne and ground VLF data are interpreted and correlated with RMT measurements made on the ground to better understand the resolution power of VLF data. To aid in this understanding single and multifrequency VLF and RMT responses for some typical resistivity structures are analyzed. An analytic model is presented for obtaining unique transfer functions from measurements of the electromagnetic components on board an air-plane or on the ground. Examples of 2D inversion of ground and airborne VLF profiles in Sweden are shown to demonstrate the quantitative interpretation of VLF data in terms of both lateral and depth changes of the resistivity in the uppermost crust. Geothermal resources are ideal targets for Electromagnetic (EM) methods since they produce strong variations in underground electrical resistivity. Modelling of Magnetotelluric (MT) data in SW Iceland indicates an alteration zone beneath the surface, where there are no obvious geothermal manifestations, in between Hengill and Brennisteinsfjoll geothermal systems. It suggests that a hydrothermal fluid circulation exists at depth. It also proves that the MT method, with its ability to map deep conductive features can play a valuable role in the reconnaissance of deep geothermal systems in active rift regimes such as in Iceland. A damped nonlinear least-squares inversion approach is employed to invert Controlled Source Tensor MT (CSTMT) data for azimuthal anisotropy in a 1D layered earth. Impedance and tipper data are inverted jointly. The effects of near-surface inhomogeneities are parameterized in addition to each layer parameter(s). Application of the inversion algorithm to both synthetic and field data shows that the CSTMT method can be used to detect azimuthal anisotropy under realistic conditions with near surface lateral heterogeneities.

<p>The resolution power of single Very Low Frequency (VLF) data and multi-frequency Radiomagnetotelluric (RMT) data in delineating conductive structures typical for the sedimentary cover and crystalline basement in Scandinavia is studied with a view to future developments of the technique to increasing the frequency range into the LW radio band. Airborne and ground VLF data are interpreted and correlated with RMT measurements made on the ground to better understand the resolution power of VLF data. To aid in this understanding single and multifrequency VLF and RMT responses for some typical resistivity structures are analyzed. An analytic model is presented for obtaining unique transfer functions from measurements of the electromagnetic components on board an air-plane or on the ground. Examples of 2D inversion of ground and airborne VLF profiles in Sweden are shown to demonstrate the quantitative interpretation of VLF data in terms of both lateral and depth changes of the resistivity in the uppermost crust.</p><p>Geothermal resources are ideal targets for Electromagnetic (EM) methods since they produce strong variations in underground electrical resistivity. Modelling of Magnetotelluric (MT) data in SW Iceland indicates an alteration zone beneath the surface, where there are no obvious geothermal manifestations, in between Hengill and Brennisteinsfjoll geothermal systems. It suggests that a hydrothermal fluid circulation exists at depth. It also proves that the MT method, with its ability to map deep conductive features can play a valuable role in the reconnaissance of deep geothermal systems in active rift regimes such as in Iceland.</p><p>A damped nonlinear least-squares inversion approach is employed to invert Controlled Source Tensor MT (CSTMT) data for azimuthal anisotropy in a 1D layered earth. Impedance and tipper data are inverted jointly. The effects of near-surface inhomogeneities are parameterized in addition to each layer parameter(s). Application of the inversion algorithm to both synthetic and field data shows that the CSTMT method can be used to detect azimuthal anisotropy under realistic conditions with near surface lateral heterogeneities.</p>

No description available.

Les stratifiés composites sont de plus en plus utilisés dans les pièces de structures des aéronefs ce qui fait émerger de nouvelles problématiques comme celle des Impacts de Faible Energie (IFE). En effet, bien qu’ils possèdent des propriétés rapportées à leur masse très intéressantes ces matériaux peuvent être vulnérables aux petits chocs. Or, compte tenu des nombreux paramètres influents lors d’un tel impact (énergie, vitesse, stratification...), les essais actuellement majoritairement privilégiés à l’échelle industrielle sont long et coûteux. Ainsi, l’apport de la simulation numérique pourrait être d’une grande aide pour les constructeurs. La pratique du « virtual testing », en particulier, permettrait d’aller dans cette direction ce qui aurait pour effet de rationaliser les campagnes d’essais et les coûts financier qui en découlent. Cependant, elle peine à être mise en place ici car le temps CPU nécessaire pour la simulation fine des ndommagements induits par les IFE est trop important avec les méthodes actuelles. Partant de ce constat, ce travail a consisté à tirer avantageusement partie de la localisation spatiale et temporelle des délaminages, fissurations matricielles et ruptures de fibres qui peuvent apparaître pendant l’impact pour diminuer le coût de calcul. Ainsi une méthode multiéchelle en espace et en temps a été mise en place. Elle consiste à découper la structure impactée en deux zones. L’une est située autour du point d’impact, elle contient l’ensemble des non-régularités du problème (contact, loi adoucissante, modèle de zone cohésive). Elle est traitée avec le code de dynamique explicite Europlexus. L’autre correspond à la partie complémentaire. Le problème mécanique y est beaucoup plus régulier et il est traité avec le code de dynamique implicite Zset/Zébulon. Un couplage peu intrusif basé sur la méthode GC est donc réalisé entre ces deux codes. Il permet d’utiliser une modélisation adaptée dans chacune des deux régions ce qui permet en particulier d’utiliser des pas de temps différents. Un rapport supérieur à 1000 peut ainsi être obtenu entre celui du code explicite fixé par la condition de stabilité et celui utilisé dans la partie complémentaire. Un gain de temps CPU significatif confirmé par la simulation d’un impact réalisé sur un panneau composite raidi est ainsi obtenu. Il est également montré que la répartition implicite/explicite peut évoluer au cours du calcul. Pour cela un mécanisme de bascule a été mis en place. Il permet ainsi de faire transiter la résolution d’une partie de la structure initialement traitée dans le code Zebulon dans Europlexus. Un gain de temps supplémentaire est alors obtenu grâce à cette méthode sur le même cas d’application. / The composite laminates are increasingly used in aircraft structural parts which lead to new issues such as the Low Energy Impacts (LEI). Indeed, although they have well mechanical properties relative to their mass, small shocks may be very harmfull for laminates. Controlling such situations is essential for manufacturers that why lot of testing campaigns are currently performed. Yet, they are time consuming and expensive considering the many influential parameters (energy, speed, layup...). Numerical simulations of this phenomenon by practicing the so called “virtual testing” process could be really helpfull to rationalize testing campaigns in order to save money. Yet, this practice remain currently hard to do at the industrial scale due to the excessive CPU time required for fine simulation of damages induced by the LEI. Based on this observation, this work has consisted in taking advantage of the spatial and temporal location of delamination, matrix cracking and fiber breakage that can occur during impact in order to reduce the computational cost. Thus, a space and time multiscale method has been put in place. The impacted structure is split into two areas. One is located around the impacted point, it contains all the non-regularities of the problem (contact, softening law, cohesive zone model). This domain is treated with the explicit dynamics code Europlexus. The other one corresponds to the complementary part. The mechanical problem is much more regular and it is treated with the implicit dynamics code Zset / Zebulon. A low intrusive coupling based on the GC method is carried out between these two codes. It allows to use an adapted model in both regions different time step are in particular used. A time step ratio upper to 1000 can be reach between the one of the explicit code set by the stability condition and the one used in the complementary part. As a results, significant CPU time is saved. This is confirmed by the simulation of a stiffened composite panel impacted. It is also shown that the implicit / explicit allocation can change over the calculation. To do that, a switch mechanism has been established. It thus makes it possible to transit the resolution of a portion of the structure initially solved in the code Zebulon to Europlexus. As a results, further gain is obtained.

企業因為經濟自由化、貿易國際化潮流之影響，逐漸成為資本集中與技術密集之經營型態。為求擴充生產規模、增加產品種類、分散投資風險、拓展國際市場等目的，因而成立新公司或兼併其他公司，或購買其他公司之股份，或母公司與子公司交叉持股，而形成關係企業之組織型態，已成為普遍趨勢。職是，關係企業之經濟發展與經營模式，已然占有重要之地位。 關係企業具有特殊屬性，舉凡管理組織、生產規劃、人事制度、市場行銷、財務風險、獲利能力、公共事務與社會歸屬，均有相當程度之影響力。我國公司法對於關係企業專章之規範，仍有不足之處，導致受一九九八年亞洲金融風暴影響所及，爆發若干關係企業之經營弊端，其中以股票流通市場之證券交易違法行為，最為嚴重。綜觀其原因，除肇始於東南亞金融危機及國際不景氣環境外，亦顯示關係企業在股票市場存有許多問題，諸如負責人欠缺誠信、掏空公司資產，造成企業發生危機，發生多起上市或上櫃公司之經營弊端，嚴重損害公司、股東權益與債權人利益，並衝擊社會投資人與整體經濟，值得探討研究。 本論文研究方向，以法制理論、比較法學及實證案例為基礎，論述關係企業證券交易之違法行為，以股票流通市場為中心，並闡述近年來若干重要之關係企業案例，分析法院裁判之論處法律邏輯。包括關係企業之市場操縱行為（違約交割、沖洗買賣、相對委託、連續交易炒作行為）、關係企業「護盤」之違法性、關係企業之內線交易行為，等重要項目。亦討論關係企業藉由無形資產之高估或低估而買賣有價證券之非常規交易行為，兼述國際會計準則公報之規範，佐以實際案例研究。此外，亦闡論關係企業財務預測制度與證券交易違法行為之牽連、證券投資人之保護。 本論文內容之參考文獻資料，包括學位論文（例如前輩先進之博碩士論文）、教授學者之著作書籍、著名期刊與國內外網站資訊。所參考資料則以我國與美國法制文獻為主，至於其他國家之部分，則略以要旨參酌。最後，再針對作者執業律師參與關係企業案例之辯護瞭解，提出若干防弊機制之建議，俾供各界參考。 / UNLAWFUL ACTS BY AFFILIATED ENTERPRISES RESPECTING SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS WITH A FOCUS ON THE STOCK EXCHANGE MARKET Abstract Due to the impact of economic liberalization and trade internationalization, operations of enterprises have gradually become capital-intensive and technology-intensive. In order to increase production, expand product line, spread out investment risks, and develop international markets, enterprises have established new companies, merged with others, and purchased shares of other companies, or have engaged in cross-holding of shares between parent companies and subsidiaries. As a result, the formation of affiliated enterprises has become a popular trend. The economic development and business model of affiliated enterprises have likewise become important issues. Affiliated enterprises have their unique attributes; their management organization, production planning, personnel policy, marketing, financial risks, profitability, public affairs, and social affiliation have significant impact on enterprises. Due to inadequacies in the regulations on affiliated enterprises in Taiwan’s Company Law, several affiliated enterprises were exposed to have engaged in fraudulent business operations as a result of the 1998 Asian financial crisis. Among these, most serious were cases involving unlawful securities transactions in the stock market. An analysis of the factors leading to such anomaly shows that in addition to the Southeast Asian financial crisis and international economic slowdown, problems caused by of affiliated enterprises in the stock market, such as integrity and credibility issues on the part of the persons-in-charge and their swindling of company assets, resulted in corporate crises. Many incidents of business malpractices in public or OTC companies occurred, severely undermining the interests of companies, shareholders, and creditors, as well as those of the public investors and the overall economy. All these are worthy of further exploration and study. This paper uses legal theories, comparative jurisprudence, and empirical studies to discuss the unlawful activities in securities transactions by affiliated enterprises. This paper focuses on the stock market to explain the major cases involving affiliated enterprises in recent years and to analyze the legal grounds in the court’s decision on punishment. The cases covered include market manipulation by enterprises, default of securities delivery, wash sales, matched order, manipulation of series of transactions, the unlawfulness of stock market intervention by affiliated enterprises, and insider trading by affiliated enterprises. In addition, this paper discusses the transaction anomalies resulting from overvalue or undervalue of intangible assets by affiliated enterprises. Regulations on the International Accounting Standards gazette are explained and supplemented by actual case studies. In addition, this paper explores the inter-relation between financial forecast systems in affiliated enterprises, unlawful activities in securities transaction, and investor protection. Reference literature used in this paper includes academic dissertations, publications by professors and scholars, periodicals, and information from local and foreign Web sites. Reference materials are based primarily on literature on Taiwan and U.S. laws, supplemented by summary of information from other countries. Finally, recommendations of mechanisms to prevent malpractices are put forward, drawing on the author’s experience as defense lawyer for affiliated enterprises.