The issue of descaling is an important part of the forging and heat treatment of steel and semi products of steel production. Rising of new information and study of this process can increase efficiency and improve the surface quality after descaling. This thesis is focused on the mechanisms of the high pressure hydraulic descaling qualification and study of the chemical compounds of which the scales grown. To achieve all goals of this work and to get a comprehensive view of descaling process, few experimental measurements and numerical analyses were performed. All experimental measurements were focused on obtaining data about fundamental parameters and effects of the hydraulic descaling. The data obtained from measurements were applied to numerical analyses, which aimed to discover a deeper relation and to confirm the experimental results. This thesis can be divided into two main parts. The first part is devoted to parameters of the water jet study. The main studied characteristics of the high pressure hydraulic water jet were heat transfer coefficient and impact pressure at different modes such as standard or pulsating water jet. Experimentally measured data of these parameters were applied in numerical analyses. The numerical analyses were focused on studying the impact of the water jet parameters on the stresses in the oxide scale layers. A further water jet analysis was focused on the influence of the individual parts of the hydraulic system (such as water chamber or stabilizer) on its characteristics. In this part different types of the water chambers in combination with different types of stabilizers on the impact pressure values were investigated. These measurements were supported by fluid flow analysis through the hydraulic system. The second part of this work was focused on getting mechanical properties of the oxide scales from specimens prepared from standard structural steel and specimens from silicon steel. In this thesis, the influence of various parameters and characteristics was studied on these two types of steel. Mechanical properties of oxide scale structures were carried out by the Small Punch Test method. To obtain the fundamental mechanical properties such as Young´s modulus, yield strength and ultimate strength, material parameters based on the measured data were optimized. The whole work was carried out in order to get valuable and comprehensive results about high pressure hydraulic descaling process and influencing factors as well as about oxide scales themselves.

Univerzita Karlova 1. lékařská fakulta Studijní program: Zobrazovací metody v lékařství (P5150) Studijní obor: Zobrazovací metody v lékařství (5103V000) MUDr. Adam Kopecký Změny na předním segmentu po 25G+ PPV Changes in the Anterior Segment after 25G+ PPV Abstract Vedoucí závěrečné práce/Školitel: doc. MUDr. Jiří Pašta, CSc., FEBO Praha, 2019 Abstract: Pars plana vitrectomy is a dominant surgical method in posterior segment surgery of the eye. The principle of this method is the surgical approach via the pars plana anatomical region. With this approach, surgeon performs the posterior segment surgery without directly affecting the anterior segment of the eye. Short-term effect of pars plana vitrectomy on the anterior segment of the eye has been repeatedly proven. That might be an important factor both in assessing the complications of this method and planning the surgery in complicated patients. Generally, it is presumed that we do not observe long-term effects on anterior segment after pars plana vitrectomy. The aim of our work is to evaluate the long-term changes in the anterior segment after the uncomplicated 25G + PPV with gas tamponde. The group of 20 patients was selected according to strict indication criteria. Using a series of examinations, we examined specific parameters such as: intraocular...

Introduction: The aim of this work was to determine the difference in abdominal wall expansion and thus indirectly the amount of intra-abdominal pressure in various postural positions, first without any correction, then after verbal and manual instruction according to Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization (DNS) principles. The amount of activation of abdominal wall muscles in various postural positions helps determine the positions in which optimal postural stabilization is best activated. These positions may be suitable for postural therapy and training. The theoretical part introduces optimal trunk stabilization according to developmental kinesiology principles and DNS concept. Then, the relationship between the intra-abdominal pressure and postural activity of abdominal muscles is introduced as well as the most common methods of objectification. Participants and Methods: 30 healthy subjects (15 women and 15 men) aged 20 to 25 years (mean age 22.73 years, SD 1.88) were tested using the Ohm Belt device. This device uses pressure sensors that are attached to the abdominal wall in the area above the groin and in the trigonum lumbale and thus allows non-invasive monitoring of abdominal wall expansion and indirect measurement of the intra-abdominal pressure. The subjects were tested in five postural...

Lowering of central venous pressure in hepatic surgery is nowadays widely recommended and used procedure. Low central venous pressure anesthesia is associated with decreased blood loss and improved clinical outcome. There are several approaches how to reach low central venous pressure. Till now none of them is recommended as superior in terms of patient safety and clinical outcome. Concurrently there is still debate if to use the low central venous pressure anesthesia principle or if it could be replaced with a principle of anesthesia with high stroke volume variation (or another dynamic preload parameter) with the use of a more sophisticated hemodynamic monitoring method. Results of our study didn't show any significant difference between two approaches used for reduction of central venous pressure, but suggest that the principle of low central venous pressure anesthesia could be possibly replaced by the principle of high stroke volume variation anesthesia which presumes the use of advanced hemodynamic monitoring. KEYWORDS Hepatic resection, central venous pressure, Pringle maneuver, hemodynamics, hemodynamic monitoring, fluid therapy, anesthesia

The subject of this thesis is the project of the foundational board and of reinforced concrete walls of the underground office building with respect to the limit state of crack width. There is designed the execution of joints of various parts of the construction against infiltration of groundwater into the interior. The drawing documentation of designed parts is performed there. In the theoretical part, there are logged the design principles and implementation of the white tubs.

This thesis describes the design work for the measurement of air values. The first part describes the airflow, pressure build-up in pipes and losses due to airflow losses. There is also a description of fans and explain their characteristics depending on the pressure generated by airflow. The next part describes the design of the measuring chamber, electronics and control for fully automatic measurement of air quantities.

This work is focussed on hydraulic descaling of hot surfaces. Hydraulic descaling is a process when layers of oxides are removed from hot steel surfaces during continuous rolling. High pressure water beam is used. Quality of descaled surfaces is important for final quality of rolled product. Insufficient descaling causes drop of final quality, degradation of rolls and lost of yields. High-pressure water beam has two effects on a scale layer. The first effect is mechanical caused by impact pressure. The second one is a relatively intensive thermal shock depending on a set of parameters (water pressure, nozzle type, distance from the surface, inclination angle, speed of product moving). There are a lot of theories about principles of scales removing. Main task of this work is to make it clear which theory is acceptable and which is just ,,theory”. For this purpose mathematical modelling and experimental work were used. In experimental part, three types of experimental measurement were done. First one, measurement of dynamical effect of water beam – impact pressure. Second one, measurement of temperature drop when a product is passing under the nozzle. Measured data (temperatures) from this measurement are evaluated with inverse task and heat transfer coefficient is obtained. And the third experimental measurement is simulation of whole process of descaling. Quality of descaled surfaces is valuated according to amount of remained oxide scales. Data from firs and second experimental measurement are used as boundary conditions for mathematical modelling. For mathematical simulations, FEM (finite element method) system ANSYS was used. Obtained data from experimental measurement were applied on 2D and 3D models of basic steel material with layer of scale. Influence of theses data on final temperature, stress and strain fields were observed.

The aim of this thesis is to present a complex information about the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and to further elucidate the function of the diaphragm as the external esophageal sphincter and as a part of the antireflux barrier in patients with GERD. The study included 87 patients with verified GERD. Patients were subjected to a set of postural and respiratory maneuvers - caudal position of chest, abdominal breathing and measuring of the maximal respiratory pressures, all performed on the basis of tolerance to position and maneuver. The high-resolution manometry (HRM) was chosen to record the changes in pressure in the lower esophageal sphincter and for the measurement of respiratory pressures was used the spirometric system MasterScope. It was found that postural and respiratory maneuvers, that activate the diaphragm, increase the pressure in the EGJ. The most significant increase occurred during the maximal inspiratory maneuver, which increased LES pressure up to 261.2 %. The results also show that patients with GERD have reduced the strength of respiratory muscles, especially inspirational muscles. Reaching only 66.5 % of predicted PImax. We have demonstrated that patients with GERD have significantly lower diaphragm muscle strength, what...

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is characterized by presence of specific molecules including surface exposed calreticulin (CRT) and the heat shock proteins HSP70 and HSP90. Release of ATP and high- mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) belongs to other typical characteristics. For induction of ICD in lung cancer cells high-hydrostatic pressure (HHP) was used. Treatment by HHP induces expression of immunogenic markers CRT, HSP70 and HSP90 on the cell surface. HHP also induces secretion of ATP to the extracellular milieu. Dendritic cells (DC) pulsed with HHP-treated tumor cells showed fenotypic maturation characterized by upregulation of maturation molecule CD83, costimulation molecules CD80 and CD86, chemokine receptor CCR7 and MHC class II molecule HLA-DR. Pulsed DCs have also higher rate of phagocytosis of HHP-treated tumor cells and they induce lower numbers of regulatory T cells compared to immature DCs. Moreover, activation of caspases (-8, -9, -3) and other proteins (phosphorylation of eIF2α) which are crucial in ER-stress mediated apoptotic pathway, was observed after HHP treatment. Using wide range of methods it was confirmed that HHP treatment is able to induce ICD in lung cancer cell lines, fenotypic and functional characteristics were described and the decreased induction of regulatory T-lymphocytes...

Title: Influence of defined olfactory stimuli to selected physiological parameters Objectives: Comparing the effect of inhibiting and stimulating scents on the chosen physiological parameters during a 20 minute long inhalation. The thesis is searching for the possible affections to cardiovascular system and to reactibility of the neuromuscular system of the aromatherapy. Methods: 10 individuals participated on the trial, 5 females and 5 male. As the inhibiting scent we chose essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia and as the stimulating scent Rosmarinus officinalis. The observed physiological parameters was heart rate, blood pressure, present emotional state using the Visual Analogue Mood Scale by Stern, results of the Petries' test and standing on two scales test. The chosen application form of the essential oils was inhalation. The observed parameters were recorded before the application of scents, in the 10th and 20th minute of the application and 20 minutes after the end of application. We used the method of comparison. With statistical analysis we compared the results of the mentioned tests and diagnostic methods before and after application each of the odors. Results: We consider that Lavandula angustifolia and Rosmarinus officinalis have statistically significant effect to cardiovascular...