The study aims to release how to make the researchers willingly to devote their efforts to teaching continuously. On one hand, the teaching qualities will be enhanced. on the other hand, the mental and physical fatigue will be reduced. In order to achieve the objectives of this study, the study adopts action-research and on the theory of team teaching finds out what degree of the workload of every team-teaching style. The distinction of the study is that team teaching in formal and nonformal curriculum, and implementation of five styles of team-teaching after six-years period. These participants are spontaneous, they are also the subjects in research. On the basis of the observation , the questionnaire, analysis of the teaching miscellanies and reflection. The study is vertufied and received the feedback. Then it becomes the basis for next action. ¡]1¡^Exchange teachers team-teaching The difficulty of implementation is the minimum, beacause the workload of teaching preparation can be reduced. But the feelings of workload is increasing ¡]2¡^Dynamic team-teaching It is moderately difficult to implement. The workload of teachers can be reduced to higher degree. But it is fatally flawed in parents¡¦ questioning. ¡]3¡^Group team-teaching It is moderately difficult to implement, too. Athough it is not the best model to reduce the workload, it still can ease the workload to a degree. ¡]4¡^Single-core team-teaching It is more difficult to implement. It can reduce the workload somehow, but in terms of teaching preparation alone, it almost makes no differences between before and after. So the feelings of workload did not significantly change. ¡]5¡^Multi-core team-teaching Overall it is the most difficult to implement for a long time. It also can reduce the workload, especially the researchers ,but multi-core membership is fragile. ¡]6¡^ The impact on these five team-teaching styles of teaching workload is different. Multi-core team-teaching meet the researchers¡¦ requirements mostly, but Group tem-teaching is much more advantageous to implement in the real environment.

Within the healthcare system, nurses, are involved in many critical steps of the patient care process such as surgery triaging, post-procedure recovery monitoring and handoff release to a caregiver. A significant portion of their time is spent on the hospital floors where patients recover from their medical procedures. In today’s healthcare environments, multiple devices – typically monitors, ventilators, and infusion pumps – are used during said patient recovery process. Health equipment manufacturers often add alarms to medical devices, which serve a variety of purposes, ranging from simple notifications to warnings and alerts about potential hazards that require rapid action. In typical hospital units, several types of medical devices that monitor a variety of parameters based on patient and nurses/assistants needs. Many devices have similar alarm tones, regardless of risk levels. A typical nurse will attend to multiple patients, and the number of alarms that require attention place tremendous demands on nurses’ cognition, which causes enormous alarm fatigue. Alarm fatigue is not a new phenomenon and is very common in other industries, such as chemical processing, and nuclear power. The additional stress and burden of false alarms and non-actionable alarms is also troublesome. Many for-profit companies have developed commercial alarm management tools and aids to combat these problems and the rapid adoption of smart phones and tablets in healthcare has made alarm management more mobile and visual. However, even after these advances, the number of deaths and adverse events are still at an unacceptable level. The purpose of this study to establish that the current training methods used by various hospitals are inadequate and to explore the effects of rigorous one-on-one training and metacognitive intervention in managing alarm related adverse events. This study also identifies deficiencies in the current training methods and assesses the impact of individualizing alarm threshold settings on alarm workload, response and error rates.

Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2017-04-18T17:33:57Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Trabalho de ergonomia de Jorge Olimpio.pdf: 4326782 bytes, checksum: 0c6d6d06293f6fc18996947966b4097c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-18T17:33:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Trabalho de ergonomia de Jorge Olimpio.pdf: 4326782 bytes, checksum: 0c6d6d06293f6fc18996947966b4097c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-14 / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal gerar, à luz da ergonomia, proposições de melhorias que podem minimizar o impacto dos fatores que mais interferem na carga de trabalho dos servidores que desempenham a função de pregoeiro, sendo sete da Divisão de Licitações – Dlic da PROGEST e quatro da Unidade de Licitação – UL do Setor de Administração da Divisão Administrativa Financeira – DAF do HC da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE. Os dados foram coletados de forma participativa, através de entrevistas, e quatro questionários: avaliação do nível de impacto dos itens de demanda Ergonômica no trabalho; avaliação do grau de dificuldade na realização das tarefas; avaliação das exigências das tarefas; avaliação subjetiva da carga de trabalho através do NASA - Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) adaptado. O primeiro questionário permitiu identificar os fatores que mais impactam no desempenho do trabalho e realizar um diagnóstico dos constrangimentos dos itens de demanda ergonômica no trabalho para a consecução das tarefas. Os resultados do segundo e terceiro questionário que variaram em função da tarefa, apontaram alto grau de dificuldade nas sete tarefas analisadas, bem como exigências com alta demanda mental e performance. Concluiu-se que as cargas de trabalho são elevadas nos dois grupos pesquisados, sendo a demanda mental observada nos pregoeiros da Dlic, caracterizada como sobrecarga informacional ou cognitiva, a de maior intensidade, enquanto para os pregoeiros da UL/HC a maior intensidade foi o nível de frustação, considerando os fatores que inibem a realização do trabalho, entre eles, a insegurança e a falta de estímulo. Proposições de melhorias para reduzir o impacto dos fatores que mais interferem na carga de trabalho e direcionamentos para estudos futuros são fornecidos. / This study aimed to generate, in the light of ergonomics, proposals for improvements that can minimize the impact of the factors that influence the workload of servers that perform the auctioneer function, seven of the Procurement Division - Dlic of PROGEST and four Bidding Unit - UL Administrative Division Financial Management Sector - DAF HC Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE. Data were collected in a participatory manner, through interviews and four questionnaires: evaluation of the impact level of ergonomic demand items at work; assessment of the degree of difficulty in performing the tasks; assessment of the requirements of the tasks; subjective assessment of workload by NASA - Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) adapted. The first questionnaire allowed us to identify the factors that impact on work performance and conduct a diagnosis of the constraints of ergonomic demand items in the work to achieve the task. The results of the second and third questionnaire that varied according to the task, showed a high degree of difficulty in the seven analyzed tasks and requirements with high mental demands and performance. It was concluded that the workloads are high in both groups surveyed, with the mental demand observed in the auctioneer of Dlic characterized as informational or cognitive overload, higher intensity, while for criers UL / HC the highest intensity was level of frustration, considering the factors that inhibit the realization of the work, including, insecurity and lack of stimulation. Propositions improvements to reduce the impact of the factors that interfere with the work load and nd guidelines for future studies are provided.

Les études françaises sur la discrimination en milieu médical s’intéressent aux refus de soins des libéraux selon le système d’assurance des patients. Les recherches anglo-saxonnes examinent les différences de prises en charge sous l’angle de l’ethnie du patient. Burgess (2010) suggère que les discriminations en milieu médical peuvent être plus fréquentes lorsque le soignant est placé sous un niveau élevé de charge cognitive. Les recherches dans le domaine de la psychologie du travail et l’ergonomie indiquent que dans les cas de surcharge de travail, l’opérateur modifie son activité. Les comportements qualifiés de discriminatoires pourraient alors être le résultat des mécanismes de régulation de la charge de travail. Deux vagues d’entretiens auprès de soignants (N = 22 pour la première étude et N = 6 pour la seconde) indiquent un lien de leur part entre discrimination et charge de travail. Les observations menées en milieu hospitalier et couplées à un questionnaire et le NASA-TLX (N = 121) ont permis de constater que les discriminations en milieu médical sont faibles. Elles concernent uniquement la dimension relationnelle, les actes médicaux (examens, soins) sont réalisés normalement. Les variations constatées dans les comportements des soignants adviennent à l’encontre de patients stigmatisés et difficiles à gérer. / The French studies about discrimination in medical settings are focused on the general practitioners’ refusal to provide care depending on the patient’ insurance cover. Anglo-Saxon research examines the differences in care according to the patient’s ethnicity. Burgess (2010) suggests that discriminations in healthcare settings may happen more frequently when health care providers are put under high levels of cognitive load. Research in the fields of occupational psychology and ergonomics indicates that in cases of work overload, workers change their activity. Behavior described as discriminatory might result from regulation mechanisms of work overload regulation mechanisms. Two waves of interviews with healthcare providers (N = 22 for the first time and N = 6 for the second time) point to a link between discrimination and workload. Observations conducted in hospital settings and associated with a questionnaire as well as the NASA-TLX (N = 121) have shown that discriminations in a medical environment are limited. They are only related to the interpersonal aspect of care: medical acts (examination, care) are properly completed. The variations in the healthcare providers’ behavior occur when dealing with stigmatized patients and patients who are difficult to manage.

The purpose of this study is to find out how the mental load varies among drivers in different driving environments, where the perceived stress will be compared with the biological stress while driving a car. Twenty-six experimental runs were performed where the driver drove a car in a real traffic environment. Test participants were both men and women between the ages of 20 and 48, where everyone who participated had a driving license. Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) was used to measuremental strain. After each run, the participants were asked to answer a questionnaire called NASA-TLX, a subjective multidimensional data load index. This is an evaluation tool used to measure the perceived workload. The participants’ self-assessment of the workload while driving was then compared with GSR data. The main result is that accessing the motorway and exiting the motorway means greater mental strain than the other driving environments. Data from GSR and NASA-TLX showed no difference, which means that the participants’ self-assessment is consistent with the physiological measure GSR.

No description available.

Esta pesquisa analisou o trabalho dos controladores de tráfego aéreo em diferentes cenários reais, no controle de Aproximação (APP) de tráfego aéreo de Porto Alegre (APP PA). Com base em entrevistas, questionário e filmagens de cenas reais, foram analisadas as percepções de 14 controladores quanto às demandas da profissão; quanto aos fatores cognitivos (conhecimento, estratégia, dinâmica atencional) utilizados para o desempenho da atividade; e quanto à carga de trabalho com base no questionário adaptado do NASA TLX. Os resultados mostram que, entre outras variáveis, a complexidade da tarefa depende das condições meteorológicas, do número e tipo de aeronovaves em observação, sendo que os controladores percebem as cenas de forma semelhante, independente do tempo de profissão e de controle no APP PA. Os controladores tomam as decisões de forma coordenada, sendo que a condução de um tráfego aéreo seguro depende da coordenação bem executada. / This research analyzed the job of the air traffic controllers in different real scenes, at the Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON) of the air traffic in Porto Alegre (TRACON PA). Based on interviews, a questionnaire and shootings of real scenes, the perception of 14 controllers were analysed in relation to the demands of their job, in relation to the cognitive factors (knowledge, strategy, attencional dynamic) used for the performance of the activity; and related to the workload based on the adapted questionnaire of NASA TLX. The results show that, among other varieties, the complexity of the task depends on the meteorological conditions and on the number and type of aircrafts observed. The controllers understand the scenes in a similar way, not related on how much time they have working on the job nor working controlling time at TRACON PA. The controllers take the decisions in a coordinated way, because the conduction of the safe air traffic depends on a well done coordination.

Esta pesquisa analisou o trabalho dos controladores de tráfego aéreo em diferentes cenários reais, no controle de Aproximação (APP) de tráfego aéreo de Porto Alegre (APP PA). Com base em entrevistas, questionário e filmagens de cenas reais, foram analisadas as percepções de 14 controladores quanto às demandas da profissão; quanto aos fatores cognitivos (conhecimento, estratégia, dinâmica atencional) utilizados para o desempenho da atividade; e quanto à carga de trabalho com base no questionário adaptado do NASA TLX. Os resultados mostram que, entre outras variáveis, a complexidade da tarefa depende das condições meteorológicas, do número e tipo de aeronovaves em observação, sendo que os controladores percebem as cenas de forma semelhante, independente do tempo de profissão e de controle no APP PA. Os controladores tomam as decisões de forma coordenada, sendo que a condução de um tráfego aéreo seguro depende da coordenação bem executada. / This research analyzed the job of the air traffic controllers in different real scenes, at the Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON) of the air traffic in Porto Alegre (TRACON PA). Based on interviews, a questionnaire and shootings of real scenes, the perception of 14 controllers were analysed in relation to the demands of their job, in relation to the cognitive factors (knowledge, strategy, attencional dynamic) used for the performance of the activity; and related to the workload based on the adapted questionnaire of NASA TLX. The results show that, among other varieties, the complexity of the task depends on the meteorological conditions and on the number and type of aircrafts observed. The controllers understand the scenes in a similar way, not related on how much time they have working on the job nor working controlling time at TRACON PA. The controllers take the decisions in a coordinated way, because the conduction of the safe air traffic depends on a well done coordination.

Esta pesquisa analisou o trabalho dos controladores de tráfego aéreo em diferentes cenários reais, no controle de Aproximação (APP) de tráfego aéreo de Porto Alegre (APP PA). Com base em entrevistas, questionário e filmagens de cenas reais, foram analisadas as percepções de 14 controladores quanto às demandas da profissão; quanto aos fatores cognitivos (conhecimento, estratégia, dinâmica atencional) utilizados para o desempenho da atividade; e quanto à carga de trabalho com base no questionário adaptado do NASA TLX. Os resultados mostram que, entre outras variáveis, a complexidade da tarefa depende das condições meteorológicas, do número e tipo de aeronovaves em observação, sendo que os controladores percebem as cenas de forma semelhante, independente do tempo de profissão e de controle no APP PA. Os controladores tomam as decisões de forma coordenada, sendo que a condução de um tráfego aéreo seguro depende da coordenação bem executada. / This research analyzed the job of the air traffic controllers in different real scenes, at the Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON) of the air traffic in Porto Alegre (TRACON PA). Based on interviews, a questionnaire and shootings of real scenes, the perception of 14 controllers were analysed in relation to the demands of their job, in relation to the cognitive factors (knowledge, strategy, attencional dynamic) used for the performance of the activity; and related to the workload based on the adapted questionnaire of NASA TLX. The results show that, among other varieties, the complexity of the task depends on the meteorological conditions and on the number and type of aircrafts observed. The controllers understand the scenes in a similar way, not related on how much time they have working on the job nor working controlling time at TRACON PA. The controllers take the decisions in a coordinated way, because the conduction of the safe air traffic depends on a well done coordination.

Nuclear receptors constitute a large family of transcription factors that are powerful regulators of animal tissue metabolism, homeostasis, tissue maintenance and development. They are particularly attractive for their ability to respond to the binding of hormones, metabolites, xenobiotics and artificially prepared molecules and transmit the interaction with these small lipophylic molecules to specific regulatory potential. In search for nuclear receptors that are likely to be critical for neural tissues in invertebrates and conserved during the evolution of animals, we have identified a close homologue of vertebrate TLX in a planarian Schmidtea mediterranea. Planaria represent very promising biological model systems for studies on tissue maintenance and regeneration. Planaria are able to resorb their tissues and use them as sources of energy during fasting and they re-build their bodies from neoblasts when food is plentiful. Our search in Schmidtea mediterranea's publicly accessible genome sequencing data indicated that planarian genome contains at least one gene with a high degree of similarity to vertebrate TLX. We cloned full length CDS (coding DNA sequence of cDNA) and characterized the gene functionally. This showed that the planarian and vertebrate NR2E1 are highly similar...