The study aims to release how to make the researchers willingly to devote their efforts to teaching continuously. On one hand, the teaching qualities will be enhanced. on the other hand, the mental and physical fatigue will be reduced. In order to achieve the objectives of this study, the study adopts action-research and on the theory of team teaching finds out what degree of the workload of every team-teaching style. The distinction of the study is that team teaching in formal and nonformal curriculum, and implementation of five styles of team-teaching after six-years period. These participants are spontaneous, they are also the subjects in research. On the basis of the observation , the questionnaire, analysis of the teaching miscellanies and reflection. The study is vertufied and received the feedback. Then it becomes the basis for next action. ¡]1¡^Exchange teachers team-teaching The difficulty of implementation is the minimum, beacause the workload of teaching preparation can be reduced. But the feelings of workload is increasing ¡]2¡^Dynamic team-teaching It is moderately difficult to implement. The workload of teachers can be reduced to higher degree. But it is fatally flawed in parents¡¦ questioning. ¡]3¡^Group team-teaching It is moderately difficult to implement, too. Athough it is not the best model to reduce the workload, it still can ease the workload to a degree. ¡]4¡^Single-core team-teaching It is more difficult to implement. It can reduce the workload somehow, but in terms of teaching preparation alone, it almost makes no differences between before and after. So the feelings of workload did not significantly change. ¡]5¡^Multi-core team-teaching Overall it is the most difficult to implement for a long time. It also can reduce the workload, especially the researchers ,but multi-core membership is fragile. ¡]6¡^ The impact on these five team-teaching styles of teaching workload is different. Multi-core team-teaching meet the researchers¡¦ requirements mostly, but Group tem-teaching is much more advantageous to implement in the real environment.

Within the healthcare system, nurses, are involved in many critical steps of the patient care process such as surgery triaging, post-procedure recovery monitoring and handoff release to a caregiver. A significant portion of their time is spent on the hospital floors where patients recover from their medical procedures. In today’s healthcare environments, multiple devices – typically monitors, ventilators, and infusion pumps – are used during said patient recovery process. Health equipment manufacturers often add alarms to medical devices, which serve a variety of purposes, ranging from simple notifications to warnings and alerts about potential hazards that require rapid action. In typical hospital units, several types of medical devices that monitor a variety of parameters based on patient and nurses/assistants needs. Many devices have similar alarm tones, regardless of risk levels. A typical nurse will attend to multiple patients, and the number of alarms that require attention place tremendous demands on nurses’ cognition, which causes enormous alarm fatigue. Alarm fatigue is not a new phenomenon and is very common in other industries, such as chemical processing, and nuclear power. The additional stress and burden of false alarms and non-actionable alarms is also troublesome. Many for-profit companies have developed commercial alarm management tools and aids to combat these problems and the rapid adoption of smart phones and tablets in healthcare has made alarm management more mobile and visual. However, even after these advances, the number of deaths and adverse events are still at an unacceptable level. The purpose of this study to establish that the current training methods used by various hospitals are inadequate and to explore the effects of rigorous one-on-one training and metacognitive intervention in managing alarm related adverse events. This study also identifies deficiencies in the current training methods and assesses the impact of individualizing alarm threshold settings on alarm workload, response and error rates.

Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2017-04-18T17:33:57Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Trabalho de ergonomia de Jorge Olimpio.pdf: 4326782 bytes, checksum: 0c6d6d06293f6fc18996947966b4097c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-18T17:33:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Trabalho de ergonomia de Jorge Olimpio.pdf: 4326782 bytes, checksum: 0c6d6d06293f6fc18996947966b4097c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-14 / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal gerar, à luz da ergonomia, proposições de melhorias que podem minimizar o impacto dos fatores que mais interferem na carga de trabalho dos servidores que desempenham a função de pregoeiro, sendo sete da Divisão de Licitações – Dlic da PROGEST e quatro da Unidade de Licitação – UL do Setor de Administração da Divisão Administrativa Financeira – DAF do HC da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE. Os dados foram coletados de forma participativa, através de entrevistas, e quatro questionários: avaliação do nível de impacto dos itens de demanda Ergonômica no trabalho; avaliação do grau de dificuldade na realização das tarefas; avaliação das exigências das tarefas; avaliação subjetiva da carga de trabalho através do NASA - Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) adaptado. O primeiro questionário permitiu identificar os fatores que mais impactam no desempenho do trabalho e realizar um diagnóstico dos constrangimentos dos itens de demanda ergonômica no trabalho para a consecução das tarefas. Os resultados do segundo e terceiro questionário que variaram em função da tarefa, apontaram alto grau de dificuldade nas sete tarefas analisadas, bem como exigências com alta demanda mental e performance. Concluiu-se que as cargas de trabalho são elevadas nos dois grupos pesquisados, sendo a demanda mental observada nos pregoeiros da Dlic, caracterizada como sobrecarga informacional ou cognitiva, a de maior intensidade, enquanto para os pregoeiros da UL/HC a maior intensidade foi o nível de frustação, considerando os fatores que inibem a realização do trabalho, entre eles, a insegurança e a falta de estímulo. Proposições de melhorias para reduzir o impacto dos fatores que mais interferem na carga de trabalho e direcionamentos para estudos futuros são fornecidos. / This study aimed to generate, in the light of ergonomics, proposals for improvements that can minimize the impact of the factors that influence the workload of servers that perform the auctioneer function, seven of the Procurement Division - Dlic of PROGEST and four Bidding Unit - UL Administrative Division Financial Management Sector - DAF HC Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE. Data were collected in a participatory manner, through interviews and four questionnaires: evaluation of the impact level of ergonomic demand items at work; assessment of the degree of difficulty in performing the tasks; assessment of the requirements of the tasks; subjective assessment of workload by NASA - Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) adapted. The first questionnaire allowed us to identify the factors that impact on work performance and conduct a diagnosis of the constraints of ergonomic demand items in the work to achieve the task. The results of the second and third questionnaire that varied according to the task, showed a high degree of difficulty in the seven analyzed tasks and requirements with high mental demands and performance. It was concluded that the workloads are high in both groups surveyed, with the mental demand observed in the auctioneer of Dlic characterized as informational or cognitive overload, higher intensity, while for criers UL / HC the highest intensity was level of frustration, considering the factors that inhibit the realization of the work, including, insecurity and lack of stimulation. Propositions improvements to reduce the impact of the factors that interfere with the work load and nd guidelines for future studies are provided.

Les études françaises sur la discrimination en milieu médical s’intéressent aux refus de soins des libéraux selon le système d’assurance des patients. Les recherches anglo-saxonnes examinent les différences de prises en charge sous l’angle de l’ethnie du patient. Burgess (2010) suggère que les discriminations en milieu médical peuvent être plus fréquentes lorsque le soignant est placé sous un niveau élevé de charge cognitive. Les recherches dans le domaine de la psychologie du travail et l’ergonomie indiquent que dans les cas de surcharge de travail, l’opérateur modifie son activité. Les comportements qualifiés de discriminatoires pourraient alors être le résultat des mécanismes de régulation de la charge de travail. Deux vagues d’entretiens auprès de soignants (N = 22 pour la première étude et N = 6 pour la seconde) indiquent un lien de leur part entre discrimination et charge de travail. Les observations menées en milieu hospitalier et couplées à un questionnaire et le NASA-TLX (N = 121) ont permis de constater que les discriminations en milieu médical sont faibles. Elles concernent uniquement la dimension relationnelle, les actes médicaux (examens, soins) sont réalisés normalement. Les variations constatées dans les comportements des soignants adviennent à l’encontre de patients stigmatisés et difficiles à gérer. / The French studies about discrimination in medical settings are focused on the general practitioners’ refusal to provide care depending on the patient’ insurance cover. Anglo-Saxon research examines the differences in care according to the patient’s ethnicity. Burgess (2010) suggests that discriminations in healthcare settings may happen more frequently when health care providers are put under high levels of cognitive load. Research in the fields of occupational psychology and ergonomics indicates that in cases of work overload, workers change their activity. Behavior described as discriminatory might result from regulation mechanisms of work overload regulation mechanisms. Two waves of interviews with healthcare providers (N = 22 for the first time and N = 6 for the second time) point to a link between discrimination and workload. Observations conducted in hospital settings and associated with a questionnaire as well as the NASA-TLX (N = 121) have shown that discriminations in a medical environment are limited. They are only related to the interpersonal aspect of care: medical acts (examination, care) are properly completed. The variations in the healthcare providers’ behavior occur when dealing with stigmatized patients and patients who are difficult to manage.

The purpose of this study is to find out how the mental load varies among drivers in different driving environments, where the perceived stress will be compared with the biological stress while driving a car. Twenty-six experimental runs were performed where the driver drove a car in a real traffic environment. Test participants were both men and women between the ages of 20 and 48, where everyone who participated had a driving license. Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) was used to measuremental strain. After each run, the participants were asked to answer a questionnaire called NASA-TLX, a subjective multidimensional data load index. This is an evaluation tool used to measure the perceived workload. The participants’ self-assessment of the workload while driving was then compared with GSR data. The main result is that accessing the motorway and exiting the motorway means greater mental strain than the other driving environments. Data from GSR and NASA-TLX showed no difference, which means that the participants’ self-assessment is consistent with the physiological measure GSR.

No description available.

Esta pesquisa analisou o trabalho dos controladores de tráfego aéreo em diferentes cenários reais, no controle de Aproximação (APP) de tráfego aéreo de Porto Alegre (APP PA). Com base em entrevistas, questionário e filmagens de cenas reais, foram analisadas as percepções de 14 controladores quanto às demandas da profissão; quanto aos fatores cognitivos (conhecimento, estratégia, dinâmica atencional) utilizados para o desempenho da atividade; e quanto à carga de trabalho com base no questionário adaptado do NASA TLX. Os resultados mostram que, entre outras variáveis, a complexidade da tarefa depende das condições meteorológicas, do número e tipo de aeronovaves em observação, sendo que os controladores percebem as cenas de forma semelhante, independente do tempo de profissão e de controle no APP PA. Os controladores tomam as decisões de forma coordenada, sendo que a condução de um tráfego aéreo seguro depende da coordenação bem executada. / This research analyzed the job of the air traffic controllers in different real scenes, at the Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON) of the air traffic in Porto Alegre (TRACON PA). Based on interviews, a questionnaire and shootings of real scenes, the perception of 14 controllers were analysed in relation to the demands of their job, in relation to the cognitive factors (knowledge, strategy, attencional dynamic) used for the performance of the activity; and related to the workload based on the adapted questionnaire of NASA TLX. The results show that, among other varieties, the complexity of the task depends on the meteorological conditions and on the number and type of aircrafts observed. The controllers understand the scenes in a similar way, not related on how much time they have working on the job nor working controlling time at TRACON PA. The controllers take the decisions in a coordinated way, because the conduction of the safe air traffic depends on a well done coordination.

Esta pesquisa analisou o trabalho dos controladores de tráfego aéreo em diferentes cenários reais, no controle de Aproximação (APP) de tráfego aéreo de Porto Alegre (APP PA). Com base em entrevistas, questionário e filmagens de cenas reais, foram analisadas as percepções de 14 controladores quanto às demandas da profissão; quanto aos fatores cognitivos (conhecimento, estratégia, dinâmica atencional) utilizados para o desempenho da atividade; e quanto à carga de trabalho com base no questionário adaptado do NASA TLX. Os resultados mostram que, entre outras variáveis, a complexidade da tarefa depende das condições meteorológicas, do número e tipo de aeronovaves em observação, sendo que os controladores percebem as cenas de forma semelhante, independente do tempo de profissão e de controle no APP PA. Os controladores tomam as decisões de forma coordenada, sendo que a condução de um tráfego aéreo seguro depende da coordenação bem executada. / This research analyzed the job of the air traffic controllers in different real scenes, at the Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON) of the air traffic in Porto Alegre (TRACON PA). Based on interviews, a questionnaire and shootings of real scenes, the perception of 14 controllers were analysed in relation to the demands of their job, in relation to the cognitive factors (knowledge, strategy, attencional dynamic) used for the performance of the activity; and related to the workload based on the adapted questionnaire of NASA TLX. The results show that, among other varieties, the complexity of the task depends on the meteorological conditions and on the number and type of aircrafts observed. The controllers understand the scenes in a similar way, not related on how much time they have working on the job nor working controlling time at TRACON PA. The controllers take the decisions in a coordinated way, because the conduction of the safe air traffic depends on a well done coordination.

Esta pesquisa analisou o trabalho dos controladores de tráfego aéreo em diferentes cenários reais, no controle de Aproximação (APP) de tráfego aéreo de Porto Alegre (APP PA). Com base em entrevistas, questionário e filmagens de cenas reais, foram analisadas as percepções de 14 controladores quanto às demandas da profissão; quanto aos fatores cognitivos (conhecimento, estratégia, dinâmica atencional) utilizados para o desempenho da atividade; e quanto à carga de trabalho com base no questionário adaptado do NASA TLX. Os resultados mostram que, entre outras variáveis, a complexidade da tarefa depende das condições meteorológicas, do número e tipo de aeronovaves em observação, sendo que os controladores percebem as cenas de forma semelhante, independente do tempo de profissão e de controle no APP PA. Os controladores tomam as decisões de forma coordenada, sendo que a condução de um tráfego aéreo seguro depende da coordenação bem executada. / This research analyzed the job of the air traffic controllers in different real scenes, at the Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON) of the air traffic in Porto Alegre (TRACON PA). Based on interviews, a questionnaire and shootings of real scenes, the perception of 14 controllers were analysed in relation to the demands of their job, in relation to the cognitive factors (knowledge, strategy, attencional dynamic) used for the performance of the activity; and related to the workload based on the adapted questionnaire of NASA TLX. The results show that, among other varieties, the complexity of the task depends on the meteorological conditions and on the number and type of aircrafts observed. The controllers understand the scenes in a similar way, not related on how much time they have working on the job nor working controlling time at TRACON PA. The controllers take the decisions in a coordinated way, because the conduction of the safe air traffic depends on a well done coordination.

Orientadores: Roberto Funes Abrahão, Mauro José Andrade Tereso / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T17:13:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Braga_CelsodeOliveira_M.pdf: 3029826 bytes, checksum: 206451bcec273e9a42df53573d3a3a39 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: A exigência por produtos com boa qualidade e segurança alimentar faz com que o beneficiamento pós-colheita se constitua numa atividade em grande expansão no Brasil. A tomaticultura representa um dos maiores mercados agrícolas brasileiros. O Brasil produz cerca de três milhões de toneladas por ano, sendo dois milhões de toneladas de tomate de mesa. Mais de dez mil produtores e sessenta mil famílias de trabalhadores estão envolvidos nesta produção, o que pode significar duzentos mil empregos diretos. Após a colheita dos tomates, a maior parte da produção é limpa, classificada e embalada em unidades de beneficiamento. Este estudo teve como objetivo a avaliação das exigências laborais nas unidades de beneficiamento de tomate de mesa sob o ponto de vista da ergonomia. Foram selecionadas 06 unidades de beneficiamento de tomate de mesa por amostragem intencional. Aplicou-se o método da Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho para identificação dos postos de trabalho com as maiores exigências laborais no processo de produção. Na pesquisa de campo envolvendo 57 operadores, utilizou-se o Método NASA TLX e o Questionário de Avaliação Visual (QAV), um questionário baseado na Escala de Likert, para avaliar, respectivamente, as exigências mentais e físicas e as exigências visuais das tarefas. Os resultados mostraram exigência mental elevada para 54,3% e exigência física alta para 20,0% dos operadores. Na avaliação da exigência visual constatou-se que 16,3% dos operadores pesquisados apresentaram fadiga visual. Comprovou-se que as exigências laborais, nos postos de trabalho estudados, estão relacionadas ao nível tecnológico dos equipamentos, grau de mecanização no processo de produção, projeto e layout do galpão, aos fatores ambientais e à organização do trabalho nas UB / Abstract: The requirement for good quality products and food safety makes of the processing after harvest an activity in great expansion in Brazil. Tomato cropping represents one of the biggest agricultural markets in Brazil. The country produces about three million tons of tomatoes per year, two million of which are intended for fresh consumption. More than ten thousand producers and sixty thousand families of workers are involved in this production, what may represent two hundred and thousand jobs. After the harvest of tomatoes, the biggest part of the production is cleaned, classified and packed in packing house units. The aim of this research was to evaluate the labor demands in the packing house units of fresh market tomatoes under the point of view of ergonomics. Six packing house units of fresh market tomatoes were selected by intentional sampling technique. It was applied the Ergonomic Analysis of Work method in order to identify the workplaces with the biggest labor demands in the production process. In the field research involving 57 workers, it was applied the NASA TLX method along with a questionnaire based on the Likert Scale in order to evaluate both mental and physical demands as well as visual demands of the tasks. The results showed high mental demand for 54.3% of the workers and high physical demand for 20.0% of them. Concerning to visual demand, it was evidenced that 16.3% of the workers presented visual fatigue. It was evidenced that the workload of the studied workplaces is related to the technological level of the equipment, mechanization degree of the production process, layout and project of the processing house, environmental factors as well as the work organization of the packing house / Mestrado / Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável / Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola