Throughout the last two years the revenues from in-game transactions in video-games have increased due to its growing presence both in traditional retail games as well as digital due to the fact that more and more games have become free. This growing presence is the basis for answering the question of what motivates players to spend money on in-game purchases in freeto-play games. The research found that having a well designed game is a very important factor that makes players purchase content. Many respondents made purchases based on emotional reasons such as wanting to look cool. People also made purchases to avoid grinding and to gain competitive advantages. In summary people think that their purchases were justifiable since the games are free but the common consensus is that while cosmetic items are acceptable, pay-towin items which provide a competitive advantage are not.

O presente trabalho apresenta uma experiência clínica em psicanálise como disparadora de reflexões teórico-clínicas acerca da constituição do sujeito e do brincar na atualidade. A presença de imagens de TV, samrtphones, computadores e tablets, na vida dos bebês e das crianças, é um fenômeno bastante amplo e atual. Estes aparatos têm sido ofertados como brinquedos, ou imagens que ocupam um espaço do brincar, e passaram a acompanhar as crianças por todos os lugares, dentro e fora de casa. Quais seriam as implicações dessas novas experiências tecnológicas sobre o brincar, principalmente no que diz respeito de suas funções constitutivas? As formulações sobre as funções constitutivas do brincar a partir de autores da psicanálise que se dedicaram de modo aprofundado ao tema dizem que as operações subjetivantes são necessariamente apoiadas pelo outro humano. Contudo, quando João chegou para análise, suas brincadeiras e discursos diziam de uma relação muito acentuada com o universo das animações e games, além de uma dinâmica que fazia dessas experiências com a tecnologia, sua principal via de acesso ao mundo. Portanto o excesso dessas experiências imagéticas, desde uma idade muito remota, em detrimento de uma interação com o outro humano estaria impactando em processos constitutivos importantes, que podem ser evidenciados e transformados na clínica, na presença do analista / The current work presents a clinical experience in psychoanalysis as a trigger in clinical and theoretical thoughts among the formation of the subject and childs play in present days. The presence of TVs, computers, smartphones and tablets in babies and childrens lives is a wide and current phenomenon. These gadgets have been offered as toys or images that occupy the role of childs play and now accompany children everywhere inside and outside their homes. What would be the implications of these new technological experiences on childs play, and most of all on the constitutive functions? The formulations about the constitutive functions of childs play from psychoanalysis authors that dedicated deeply into this field say that the subjective operations are necessarily supported by another human being. However, when João came for therapy his speeches and childs play would establish a strong connection with the universe of animations and games, beyond a dynamic of those technological experiences, his most usual way of accessing the world. Therefore, the excess of those imagery experiences, since early ages, in detriment of an interaction with another human being would be impacting important constitutive processes, that might be seen and transformed inside the practice, in the presence of a therapist

Neste estudo busca-se a compreensão de como projetar os lugares do brincar por meio da análise da relação entre o ambiente e o comportamento infantil em áreas de lazer de edifícios residenciais multifamiliares, que funcionam como a nova “rua” para o lazer das crianças, pois esta já foi um lugar do brincar. Hoje, com o crescimento das cidades, as pessoas diminuíram a sua apropriação do espaço público no cotidiano devido ao aumento da violência, à insegurança e à grande circulação de carros. Consequentemente, os pais não permitem que seus filhos brinquem na rua, ou seja, fora dos limites residenciais. Em decorrência deste contexto urbano e do aumento da área construída na cidade, aumentando o custo do solo urbano, que as casas vêm sendo substituídas por edificações verticais que, supostamente, oferecem maior segurança, muitas delas com área muito pequena nos apartamentos. À criança, como possibilidade de brincadeira livre e socialização, restam os espaços de lazer dos edifícios, que, habitualmente, funcionam como argumento de venda, parte de um processo de “placemarketing”. Os projetos atuais para o lazer infantil nos edifícios por vezes são compostos por elementos chamativos, lúdicos, muitas cores, e até um certo rebuscamento no sentido de enfeitar excessivamente, características que encantam e vendem, porque transmitem a sensação visual de um lugar aprazível para as crianças. Contudo, muitos estudiosos abordam outras características físicas positivas em espaços para este público. Esse estudo investigou esta questão, no intuito de compreender como os projetos de áreas de lazer de edifícios, e de lugares do brincar de modo geral, devem ser elaborados para atender as necessidades inerentes ao desenvolvimento da criança. Foi feito um estudo de caso nas áreas de lazer de um edifício e de em um condomínio vertical em Porto Alegre-RS, cada um de uma construtora e com características físicas diferentes. Foram observados os locais mais utilizados pelas crianças e os tipos de interação entre elas, o que evidenciou que há relação entre o ambiente e em como as crianças interagem entre si. / This study seeks to understand how to design the places of play through the analysis of the relationship between the environment and the behavior of children in recreational areas of multifamily residential buildings that act as the new "street" for children’s leisure, because this has been the place of playing children. Nowadays, with the growth of cities, people reduced their daily appropriation of public space due to increased violence, insecurity and widespread circulation of cars. Consequently, parents do not allow their children plays in the street, so outside the residential limits. Because of this urban context and the increase of the built area in the city, increasing the urban land cost, that the houses are being replaced by vertical buildings that supposedly offer greater security, many of these with a very small area in the apartments. To the child, as the possibility of free play and socialization, left leisure spaces of buildings, which generally work as a selling point, part of a process of "placemarketing". Current projects for children's play in buildings are sometimes composed of flashy elements, entertainment, many colors, characteristics that enchant and sell, because they transmit the visual sensation of a pleasant place for children. However, many scholars of child development approach other positive physical characteristics in spaces for this audience. This study investigated this issue in order to understand how buildings recreation areas projects must be designed to satisfy the necessities of child development, through the analysis of recreational area of a building and a vertical condominium in Porto Alegre-RS, each one of the buildings were built of different construction company and have different physical characteristics. The places were observed most frequently used by children and types of interaction between them, which showed that there is a relationship between the environment and how children interact with each other.

O presente trabalho apresenta uma experiência clínica em psicanálise como disparadora de reflexões teórico-clínicas acerca da constituição do sujeito e do brincar na atualidade. A presença de imagens de TV, samrtphones, computadores e tablets, na vida dos bebês e das crianças, é um fenômeno bastante amplo e atual. Estes aparatos têm sido ofertados como brinquedos, ou imagens que ocupam um espaço do brincar, e passaram a acompanhar as crianças por todos os lugares, dentro e fora de casa. Quais seriam as implicações dessas novas experiências tecnológicas sobre o brincar, principalmente no que diz respeito de suas funções constitutivas? As formulações sobre as funções constitutivas do brincar a partir de autores da psicanálise que se dedicaram de modo aprofundado ao tema dizem que as operações subjetivantes são necessariamente apoiadas pelo outro humano. Contudo, quando João chegou para análise, suas brincadeiras e discursos diziam de uma relação muito acentuada com o universo das animações e games, além de uma dinâmica que fazia dessas experiências com a tecnologia, sua principal via de acesso ao mundo. Portanto o excesso dessas experiências imagéticas, desde uma idade muito remota, em detrimento de uma interação com o outro humano estaria impactando em processos constitutivos importantes, que podem ser evidenciados e transformados na clínica, na presença do analista / The current work presents a clinical experience in psychoanalysis as a trigger in clinical and theoretical thoughts among the formation of the subject and childs play in present days. The presence of TVs, computers, smartphones and tablets in babies and childrens lives is a wide and current phenomenon. These gadgets have been offered as toys or images that occupy the role of childs play and now accompany children everywhere inside and outside their homes. What would be the implications of these new technological experiences on childs play, and most of all on the constitutive functions? The formulations about the constitutive functions of childs play from psychoanalysis authors that dedicated deeply into this field say that the subjective operations are necessarily supported by another human being. However, when João came for therapy his speeches and childs play would establish a strong connection with the universe of animations and games, beyond a dynamic of those technological experiences, his most usual way of accessing the world. Therefore, the excess of those imagery experiences, since early ages, in detriment of an interaction with another human being would be impacting important constitutive processes, that might be seen and transformed inside the practice, in the presence of a therapist

Seasoned players of free to play trading card games or players that invest large amount of money in digital or physical trading card games, end up having superfluous cards that hold no value to them. The purpose of this thesis is to create designs that would counter this problem. We analysed a selection of popular games on the market to get a better understanding about the depth of the problem and existing designs and mechanics to counter said problem. With the knowledge gained from the research, we intended design several systems that would give cards a polymorphic value. To validate those designs we decided to conduct qualitative interviews with highly experienced players of the genre. We discovered from our research and interviews that the problem with superfluous cards was larger than we had anticipated, and few games had taken steps to counter the problem. The systems we designed gave cards a polymorphic value, and the designs were proven successful through our validation. Our research and interviews suggest that by implementing polymorphic attributes to cards it could lessen or even remove the problem of superfluous cards, and at the same time increase the sales figures on booster packs. / <p>Jerry Jonsson går speldesign och programmering och Lina Tonegran går speldesign och grafik.</p>

Darbe analizuojamas mokymo(si) griežti smuiku specifiškumas pradiniame etape. Tyrimo tikslas: atskleisti mokymo(si) griežti smuiku pradinio etapo ypatumus meno mokyklose. Tyrimo uždaviniai: apžvelgti psichologinius – pedagoginius vaikų raidos ypatumus bei gabumus, jų reikšmę muzikinio ugdymo procesui; išanalizuoti laikysenos bei rankų nustatymo specifiką, mokanti(s) griežti smuiku; apibūdinti pedagogo vaidmenį mokymo procese; ištirti mokytojų požiūrį į mokymo(si) griežti smuiku pradinio etapo ypatumus bei svarbą. Tyrimo metodai: teorinė metodinės, pedagoginės ir psichologinės literatūros analizė; anketinė apklausa raštu (anketa mokytojams); aprašomoji statistinė duomenų analizė. Mokymas(is) griežti smuiku laikomas sudėtingu tiek mokytojui, tiek mokiniui. Pradinis mokymo(si) etapas yra labai svarbus ir atsakingas periodas, turintis įtakos visam tolimesniam jaunojo smuikininko vystymuisi. Būtina atsižvelgti į vaiko amžių, gabumus, nes kiekvienai amžiaus grupei būdingos savos galimybių ribos, suvokimo, elgesio ir pan. ypatybės. Viena svarbiausių užduočių yra mokinio muzikinių gabumų (tame tarpe ir muzikinės klausos bei ritmo pojūčio) vystymas. Sunkiausias darbas pradiniame mokymo(si) etape yra rankų nustatymas, todėl pedagogas privalo gerai apgalvoti metodiką, atsižvelgti į vaiko individualius fiziologinius ypatumus, nesistengti skubinti vystymo(si) proceso. Muzikanto ugdymas ir mokymas – sudėtinga veikla, apimanti du artimai susijusius dalykus: pedagogo požiūrio į meną, žinių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The work analyses of teaching (learning) to play the violin at early stage. The purpose of the research: to disclose peculiarities of teaching (learning) to play the violin at the initial stage. The goal of the research: to review the psychological – pedagogical specialties of children development, its importance to musical education process; to analyse the particularity of posture and measurement by the arm while teaching (learning) to play the violin; to describe teacher’s role in the teaching process; to survey teacher’s attitude to the initial phase peculiarity and importance of teaching (learning) to play the violin. The methods of the research: the theoretical analysis of methodical, pedagogical and psychological literature; written questionnaire (a questionnaire for teachers); descriptive statistical analysis of data. Teaching (learning) to play the violin is said to be difficult for both teacher and student. The primary teaching (learning) phase is very important and responsible period, which affects the whole future development of the young violinist. It is essential to take the child’s age, abilities into account, because each age group has its own typical limit of potentiality, perception, behaviour, and other features. One of the most important exercises is the development of the student’s musical talent (also his/her ear for music and sense of rhythm). The hardest work in the initial teaching (learning) stage is the hand-setting, that is why the teacher must... [to full text]

Professional rugby union has grown to become the third most popular team contact sport in the world. The physical nature of the game results in a high prevalence of injuries on all levels of play. Injury prevalence as high as 83.9 injuries per 1000 playing hours has been reported for the 2007 Rugby World Cup in France. Although research indicates schoolboy rugby union to be safer than professional rugby, injury rates as high as 65.8 injuries per 1000 playing hours have been reported. These injuries are mostly caused by the tackle situation, with the knee– and shoulder–joints being the most injured site. The risk of injuries in rugby union is heightened by professionalism, previous injuries, higher training demands, intrinsic factors and psychological issues. Due to the professional nature the game has taken on, the management of rugby union injuries has become increasingly more important. This should include prehabilitation or injury prevention programs, rehabilitation up until the final, sport specific phase as well as structured return to play testing. Another important aspect of injury management is the education of coaches, players and other persons involved in the sport. Objectives The first objective of the study was to observe the prevalence and nature of injuries in South African schoolboy rugby union players. Secondly, the treatment of these injuries was observed as well as the return to play criteria used to determine readiness to return to play after injury. The association between the treatment of injuries and the severity of injuries was then obtained. Lastly re–injury prevalence was compared to treatment received and return to play criteria used to determine readiness. Methods Ten schools from across South Africa partook in the study. The schools were all identified by the NWU–PUK as elite schools due to performances in the previous year (2008). Only the first team squad of each school was participated, amounting to a total number of 194 boys answering questionnaires conducted by the researcher for each of their injuries. The questionnaires included injury severity and site, recurrence of injury, cause of injury, treatment procedures and criteria used for return to play. Severity was defined in terms of game and training days missed due to injury and are describe as slight (0 – 1 day), minimal (2 - 3 days), mild (4 - 7 days), moderate (8 - 28 days) or severe (>28 days). The results were then analyzed and presented through descriptive statistics. Statistical significance was indicated by p <= 0.05. Practical significance was described by the Phi–coefficient. The practical significance indicated by phi, was indicated as large if phi >= 0.5. Results A total number of 118 injuries were reported amounting to 78.51 injuries per 1000 playing hours. New injuries accounted for 68.64% (n=81) while recurrent injuries was reported to be 31.36% (n=37). The most frequent site of injury was the knee (n=26), followed by the shoulder (n=21). The event leading to injury that was most frequently reported, was the tackle (including making the tackle and being tackled) (n=49). Most injuries were slight (48%) but a high rate of moderate and severe injuries (39%) were reported. These moderate to severe injuries resulted in a minimum total of 360 days missed. Severe injuries were more likely to be treated by a doctor. Treatment by a doctor for severe injuries indicated the only significance in the study (p = 0.7). No fixed return to play protocol was in place for deciding if a player should be allowed to return to play. Thirteen of the injuries were however investigated through further testing (either through isokinetic or on–field testing). Conclusion Injury prevalence amongst top teams in South African schoolboy rugby union is very high. Rehabilitation does not follow a structured program or guidelines and there is no definite return to play protocols available. Re–injury rates are high, possibly due to the lack of structured rehabilitation and return to play protocols. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Biokinetics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Professional rugby union has grown to become the third most popular team contact sport in the world. The physical nature of the game results in a high prevalence of injuries on all levels of play. Injury prevalence as high as 83.9 injuries per 1000 playing hours has been reported for the 2007 Rugby World Cup in France. Although research indicates schoolboy rugby union to be safer than professional rugby, injury rates as high as 65.8 injuries per 1000 playing hours have been reported. These injuries are mostly caused by the tackle situation, with the knee– and shoulder–joints being the most injured site. The risk of injuries in rugby union is heightened by professionalism, previous injuries, higher training demands, intrinsic factors and psychological issues. Due to the professional nature the game has taken on, the management of rugby union injuries has become increasingly more important. This should include prehabilitation or injury prevention programs, rehabilitation up until the final, sport specific phase as well as structured return to play testing. Another important aspect of injury management is the education of coaches, players and other persons involved in the sport. Objectives The first objective of the study was to observe the prevalence and nature of injuries in South African schoolboy rugby union players. Secondly, the treatment of these injuries was observed as well as the return to play criteria used to determine readiness to return to play after injury. The association between the treatment of injuries and the severity of injuries was then obtained. Lastly re–injury prevalence was compared to treatment received and return to play criteria used to determine readiness. Methods Ten schools from across South Africa partook in the study. The schools were all identified by the NWU–PUK as elite schools due to performances in the previous year (2008). Only the first team squad of each school was participated, amounting to a total number of 194 boys answering questionnaires conducted by the researcher for each of their injuries. The questionnaires included injury severity and site, recurrence of injury, cause of injury, treatment procedures and criteria used for return to play. Severity was defined in terms of game and training days missed due to injury and are describe as slight (0 – 1 day), minimal (2 - 3 days), mild (4 - 7 days), moderate (8 - 28 days) or severe (>28 days). The results were then analyzed and presented through descriptive statistics. Statistical significance was indicated by p <= 0.05. Practical significance was described by the Phi–coefficient. The practical significance indicated by phi, was indicated as large if phi >= 0.5. Results A total number of 118 injuries were reported amounting to 78.51 injuries per 1000 playing hours. New injuries accounted for 68.64% (n=81) while recurrent injuries was reported to be 31.36% (n=37). The most frequent site of injury was the knee (n=26), followed by the shoulder (n=21). The event leading to injury that was most frequently reported, was the tackle (including making the tackle and being tackled) (n=49). Most injuries were slight (48%) but a high rate of moderate and severe injuries (39%) were reported. These moderate to severe injuries resulted in a minimum total of 360 days missed. Severe injuries were more likely to be treated by a doctor. Treatment by a doctor for severe injuries indicated the only significance in the study (p = 0.7). No fixed return to play protocol was in place for deciding if a player should be allowed to return to play. Thirteen of the injuries were however investigated through further testing (either through isokinetic or on–field testing). Conclusion Injury prevalence amongst top teams in South African schoolboy rugby union is very high. Rehabilitation does not follow a structured program or guidelines and there is no definite return to play protocols available. Re–injury rates are high, possibly due to the lack of structured rehabilitation and return to play protocols. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Biokinetics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Neste estudo busca-se a compreensão de como projetar os lugares do brincar por meio da análise da relação entre o ambiente e o comportamento infantil em áreas de lazer de edifícios residenciais multifamiliares, que funcionam como a nova “rua” para o lazer das crianças, pois esta já foi um lugar do brincar. Hoje, com o crescimento das cidades, as pessoas diminuíram a sua apropriação do espaço público no cotidiano devido ao aumento da violência, à insegurança e à grande circulação de carros. Consequentemente, os pais não permitem que seus filhos brinquem na rua, ou seja, fora dos limites residenciais. Em decorrência deste contexto urbano e do aumento da área construída na cidade, aumentando o custo do solo urbano, que as casas vêm sendo substituídas por edificações verticais que, supostamente, oferecem maior segurança, muitas delas com área muito pequena nos apartamentos. À criança, como possibilidade de brincadeira livre e socialização, restam os espaços de lazer dos edifícios, que, habitualmente, funcionam como argumento de venda, parte de um processo de “placemarketing”. Os projetos atuais para o lazer infantil nos edifícios por vezes são compostos por elementos chamativos, lúdicos, muitas cores, e até um certo rebuscamento no sentido de enfeitar excessivamente, características que encantam e vendem, porque transmitem a sensação visual de um lugar aprazível para as crianças. Contudo, muitos estudiosos abordam outras características físicas positivas em espaços para este público. Esse estudo investigou esta questão, no intuito de compreender como os projetos de áreas de lazer de edifícios, e de lugares do brincar de modo geral, devem ser elaborados para atender as necessidades inerentes ao desenvolvimento da criança. Foi feito um estudo de caso nas áreas de lazer de um edifício e de em um condomínio vertical em Porto Alegre-RS, cada um de uma construtora e com características físicas diferentes. Foram observados os locais mais utilizados pelas crianças e os tipos de interação entre elas, o que evidenciou que há relação entre o ambiente e em como as crianças interagem entre si. / This study seeks to understand how to design the places of play through the analysis of the relationship between the environment and the behavior of children in recreational areas of multifamily residential buildings that act as the new "street" for children’s leisure, because this has been the place of playing children. Nowadays, with the growth of cities, people reduced their daily appropriation of public space due to increased violence, insecurity and widespread circulation of cars. Consequently, parents do not allow their children plays in the street, so outside the residential limits. Because of this urban context and the increase of the built area in the city, increasing the urban land cost, that the houses are being replaced by vertical buildings that supposedly offer greater security, many of these with a very small area in the apartments. To the child, as the possibility of free play and socialization, left leisure spaces of buildings, which generally work as a selling point, part of a process of "placemarketing". Current projects for children's play in buildings are sometimes composed of flashy elements, entertainment, many colors, characteristics that enchant and sell, because they transmit the visual sensation of a pleasant place for children. However, many scholars of child development approach other positive physical characteristics in spaces for this audience. This study investigated this issue in order to understand how buildings recreation areas projects must be designed to satisfy the necessities of child development, through the analysis of recreational area of a building and a vertical condominium in Porto Alegre-RS, each one of the buildings were built of different construction company and have different physical characteristics. The places were observed most frequently used by children and types of interaction between them, which showed that there is a relationship between the environment and how children interact with each other.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:34:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Danyel Pinheiro Castelo.pdf: 365700 bytes, checksum: accb96d74f9ecad329084a286e9813fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-02 / The cerebral palsy, non progressive disease, undertakes the movements and posture. The current physiotherapy backs to a holistic treatment. To play provides neuropsychomotor development. This study has as objectives investigate the opinion of physiotherapists that act in neuropediactrics about the use of toy in your clinical practice and check your possible use in inventions with children with cerebral palsy. Initially is used the questionnaire of opinion with fifty physiotherapists of various clinical of The Child with Disability Support Association, AACD, checking the use of toys in relation to various physiotherapeutic goals; below, makes observation of sixty consultations, in aquatic and on land physiotherapy, in cerebral palsy, checking the use of each category of toy used on the therapeutic goal. Data obtained in the questionnaire shows; in descending order, the use of: toys sensory-motor 57,7%, to gain the balance (E); 22,2% for motor coordination; 18,5% for postural acquisition (AP) and 2% for muscle relaxation (RM). For make-belie games: 37% (E); 39% (AP); and 24% (CM). For games of rules: 54% (E); 35% (CM); 11% (AP). With assembly games: 25% (CM); 24% (E); 24% (AP). The data of observation revealed that the main therapeutic goals target with the use of toys were: elongation, first 10 ; muscle strengthening; balance and gait training of 10 to 40 ;. As the observed modality of toy there were a predominance of the make-believe at the beginning and in the end of the section and the other categories in the meddle, interspersed way. The data of observation coincided with the questionnaire revealing the systematic use of toys with physiotherapeutic goals.(AU) / A paralisia cerebral, doença não progressiva, compromete movimentos e postura. A fisioterapia atual volta-se para um tratamento holístico. Brincar proporciona desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor. O presente estudo tem como objetivos investigar a opinião de fisioterapeutas que atuam em neuropediatria sobre a utilização do brinquedo em sua prática clínica e verificar sua possível utilização em intervenções junto a crianças com paralisia cerebral. Utiliza-se inicialmente de questionário de opinião junto a 50 fisioterapeutas das diversas clínicas da Associação de Apoio a Criança com Deficiência, AACD - SP, verificando a utilização de brinquedos face aos diversos objetivos fisioterapeuticos; a seguir, realiza observação de 60 atendimentos, em fisioterapia aquática e de solo, de crianças com paralisia cerebral, identificando a utilização de cada categoria de brinquedo relativo ao objetivo terapêutico. Os dados obtidos no questionário revelaram em ordem decrescente utilização de: brinquedos sensório-motores 57,4%, para ganho de equilíbrio (E); 22,2% para coordenação motora (CM); 18,5% para aquisições posturais (AP) e 2% para relaxamento muscular (RM). Em relação aos jogos de faz-de-conta: 37% (E); 39% (AP) e 24% (CM).Para os jogos de regras: 54% (E); 35% (CM); 11% (AP). Com os jogos de montagem: 52% (CM); 24% (E); 24% (AP). Os dados da observação revelaram que os principais objetivos terapêuticos visados com utilização de brinquedos foram: alongamento, primeiro 10 ; fortalecimento muscular, equilíbrio e treino de marcha de 10 a 40 . Quanto à modalidade de brinquedo observada houve predomínio do faz de conta no início e no fim da sessão e das demais categorias no meio, de forma intercalada. Os dados da observação coincidiram com os do questionário revelando utilização sistemática de brinquedos com objetivos fisioterapeuticos.(AU)