Thesis (Ph.D.). / Statement from author: "... the absence of pages numbered 163 and 82 is a reflection of an error in pagination rather than of missing material." Written for the Faculty of Religious Studies. Bibliography: leaves 246-268.

The Lord of the Rings trilogy is greatly diverse in species, races, and ethnicities which is a fact that over the decades has engendered great scholarly discussions about hidden racism in the literary work. Therefore, an analysis of intercultural matters and encounters realized throughout the story is relevant for detecting a possible racist ideology. By applying the postcolonial concept “Othering,” which is an act of differentiation, this essay analyzes racist instances in the story, and the result of or opposition to those, in order to indicate the presence of an anti-Othering ideology in the trilogy. The analysis is conducted through discussion of Othering of other species/races/ethnicities caused by blind trust in one’s own group, Othering inside one’s own group, Othering of other species/races/ethnicities, and discussion about instances of multicultural acceptance. Considering Tolkien’s relationship to nature, this discussion also extends to Othering of nature. Consequently, this essay concludes how The Lord of the Rings trilogy arguably is against Othering since the story generally presents the act as negative to others, oneself, and/or one’s beloved as well as contains instances which simply convey a positive view of multiculturalism. / Sagan om ringen trilogin är väldigt mångfaldig i arter, raser och etniciteter vilket genom årtionden har genererat storskaliga akademiska diskussioner om förekomsten av en dold rasism i det litterära verket. Därmed är en analys av de interkulturella angelägenheter och möten som tar plats under berättelsens gång relevant för att upptäcka en möjlig rasistisk ideologi. Genom att applicera det postkoloniala konceptet ”Othering”, vilket är en differentieringsakt, analyserar denna uppsats rasistiska instanser i berättelsen och resultatet av eller oppositionen till dessa för att indikera förekomsten av en motståndsideologi till ”Othering” i trilogin. Analysen genomförs genom diskussioner om ”Othering” av andra arter/raser/etniciteter orsakade av blind tilltro till ens egen grupp, ”Othering” inom ens egen grupp, ”Othering” av andra arter/raser/etniciteter och diskussion om instanser av multikulturell acceptans. Med tanke på Tolkiens relation till naturen sträcker sig även denna diskussion till ”Othering” av naturen. Denna uppsats drar följaktligen slutsatsen att Sagan om ringen trilogin är emot ”Othering” eftersom berättelsen generellt sett presenterar aktionen som negativ för andra, en själv och ens älskade, såväl som innehåller instanser som helt enkelt förmedlar en positiv syn på multikulturalism.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T11:06:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CARLOS ALBERTO NOGUEIRA FILHO.pdf: 1820352 bytes, checksum: 1cd8dddd4c5f4ea69fcd761947d7b5b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-07 / The British writer John Ronald Reuel Tolkien was, for 34 years, professor at Oxford University. Likewise as he conducted his classes with his favorite subjects, his writings are marked by features that satisfy his personal taste, providing excitement and pleasure. His most successful work The Lord of the Rings has sparked discussions for more than half a century, and in large part, about his linguistic grounds. The present work aims to study the dimensions of the fantastic and fantasy quoted in this book, as well as the activity of translation into Brazilian Portuguese by Artenova publishing in 1974 and by Martins Fontes publishing, in 1994. The work of Tzvetan Todorov, Brian Attebery and Richard Mathews are used as the theoretical framework for the study of fantasy. And for studies of translation are used the deconstruction, proposed by Jacques Derrida, the residual linked to the translation, by Lawrence Venuti and the notion of singularity proposed by Maria Paula Frota. This dissertation is divided into three chapters, with the first two discussed issues related to the narrative and the limits of the fantastic and fantasy, and the third will focus on the translation of the book The Lord of the Rings and some nuances of the translation process. / O escritor britânico John Ronald Reuel Tolkien foi, durante 34 anos, professor na Universidade de Oxford. Da mesma forma com que orientava suas aulas para assuntos de sua predileção, sua produção literária é marcada por aspectos que satisfaziam seu gosto pessoal, proporcionando emoção e prazer. Sua obra de maior sucesso The Lord of the Rings tem suscitado discussões há mais de meio século, em grande parte, acerca de sua fundamentação linguística. O presente trabalho pretende estudar as dimensões do fantástico e da fantasia presentes na obra citada, assim como a atividade tradutória para o português do Brasil nas publicações das décadas de 60 e 70 pela editora Artenova e na década de 90 pela editora Martins Fontes. Utilizamos como fundamentação teórica para o estudo da fantasia, o trabalho de Tzvetan Todorov, Brian Attebery e Richard Mathews e para os estudos da tradução a desconstrução proposta por Jacques Derrida, o resíduo relacionado à tradução por Lawrence Venuti e a singularidade proposta por Maria Paula Frota. Este trabalho está divido em três capítulos, sendo que nos dois primeiros serão discutidos assuntos relacionados à narrativa e os limites do fantástico e da fantasia, e o terceiro, versará sobre a tradução da obra The Lord of the Rings e algumas nuances do processo tradutório.

Este trabalho é uma proposta de tradução estrangeirizadora para a coletânea Tree and leaf, de J.R.R. Tolkien. Argumento que, adotando a perspectiva filológica que norteou o trabalho do autor britânico, bem como as idéias sobre as possibilidades da tradução propostas por Antoine Berman e Walter Benjamim, é viável recriar em português as conexões singulares entre língua, história e mito que marcam o trabalho de Tolkien. Apresento também minha tradução comentada dos quatro textos que compõem a coletânea - On-fairy stories, Mythopoeia, Leaf by Niggle e The homecoming of Beorhtnoth Beorhthelm\'s son, os três primeiros na versão completa - de maneira a demonstrar como essa possibilidade pode tomar forma na tradução em si / This work is a proposal of a foreignizing translation for the anthology Tree and leaf, by J.R.R. Tolkien. I argue that, by adopting the philological perspective that informed the work of that British author, as well as the ideas on the possibilities of translation put forward by Antoine Berman and Walter Benjamim, it is feasible to recreate in Portuguese the unique conexions between language, history and myth that are a trademark of Tolkien\'s work. I also present my translation and commentary of the four texts that make up the anthology - On-fairy stories, Mythopoeia, Leaf by Niggle e The homecoming of Beorhtnoth Beorhthelm\'s son, of which the first three are presented in their entirety - in order to demonstrate how this possibility may develop in an actual Portuguese translation

Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2005. / Title from PDF title page screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2007. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Oct. 18, 2007). Directed by Hephzibah Roskelly; submitted to the Dept. of English. Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-75).

Este trabalho é uma proposta de tradução estrangeirizadora para a coletânea Tree and leaf, de J.R.R. Tolkien. Argumento que, adotando a perspectiva filológica que norteou o trabalho do autor britânico, bem como as idéias sobre as possibilidades da tradução propostas por Antoine Berman e Walter Benjamim, é viável recriar em português as conexões singulares entre língua, história e mito que marcam o trabalho de Tolkien. Apresento também minha tradução comentada dos quatro textos que compõem a coletânea - On-fairy stories, Mythopoeia, Leaf by Niggle e The homecoming of Beorhtnoth Beorhthelm\'s son, os três primeiros na versão completa - de maneira a demonstrar como essa possibilidade pode tomar forma na tradução em si / This work is a proposal of a foreignizing translation for the anthology Tree and leaf, by J.R.R. Tolkien. I argue that, by adopting the philological perspective that informed the work of that British author, as well as the ideas on the possibilities of translation put forward by Antoine Berman and Walter Benjamim, it is feasible to recreate in Portuguese the unique conexions between language, history and myth that are a trademark of Tolkien\'s work. I also present my translation and commentary of the four texts that make up the anthology - On-fairy stories, Mythopoeia, Leaf by Niggle e The homecoming of Beorhtnoth Beorhthelm\'s son, of which the first three are presented in their entirety - in order to demonstrate how this possibility may develop in an actual Portuguese translation

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-10-26T14:29:04Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marcos Vinícius Nunes Carreiro - 2017.pdf: 1259484 bytes, checksum: 93e0acfffc760a381c1ad008d52a515e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-10-26T14:32:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marcos Vinícius Nunes Carreiro - 2017.pdf: 1259484 bytes, checksum: 93e0acfffc760a381c1ad008d52a515e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-26T14:32:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marcos Vinícius Nunes Carreiro - 2017.pdf: 1259484 bytes, checksum: 93e0acfffc760a381c1ad008d52a515e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-15 / J.R.R. Tolkien began writing his stories in the early twentieth century, with the intention of creating a mythology to his country, England. It is for this purpose that he builds an extensive set of tales, of which The Silmarillion is the reunion of his main narratives, whereas they narrate the beginning of a world known mainly for being the scene of the events of The Lord of the Rings. Thus the objective of this work is to show if Tolkien was even able to create a mythology, and try to point out how he did it and what influenced him in that trajectory, using, for this, not only critics of the work of the author, such as Tom Shippey and Amanda Dutton, but also theorists whose works are recognized in the analysis of myths, such as Eleazar Meletínski and Joseph Campbell. / J.R.R. Tolkien começou a escrever suas histórias no início do século XX, com a intenção de criar uma mitologia que servisse de a seu país, a Inglaterra. É com esse objetivo que ele constrói, ao longo de toda a sua vida, um extenso conjunto de relatos, sendo The Silmarillion a reunião de suas principais narrativas, visto que narram o início de um mundo conhecido principalmente por ser palco dos acontecimentos de The Lord of the Rings. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar se Tolkien, sendo autor do século XX, foi mesmo capaz de criar uma mitologia, ao passo em que http://lattes.cnpq.br/6194240116275620 http://lattes.cnpq.br/1028003493670371 tenta apontar como o fez e o que o influenciou nessa trajetória, utilizando, para isso, não apenas críticos da obra do autor, como Tom Shippey e Amanda Dutton, mas também teóricos cujos trabalhos são reconhecidos na análise de mitos, como Eleazar Meletínski e Joseph Campbell.

Resulta interesante observar la interrelación que se produce entre un grupo de personas que observan y se observan desde un texto a primera vista secular como es “El Señor de los Anillos” (o bien, la obra completa relacionada con la Tierra Media creada por Tolkien), lo cual tengo entendido, no se ha realizado en la disciplina hasta el momento.

Abstract This doctoral dissertation discusses constructive mythopoetics in J. R. R. Tolkien’s legendarium, the mythopoetic logics and elements on which Tolkien’s texts and his fantasy world are constructed. My aim in this research is to create a reading of Tolkien’s fiction that shows that it is possible to discern a mythopoetic code in Tolkien’s legendarium. My hypothesis is that Tolkien’s mythopoetic fiction aims to be coherent on the levels of languages, myths, and inter- and intratextual background. This coherence can be found throughout the various texts and fragments of Tolkien’s fiction. From the cosmogonical creation myth of The Silmarillion, to the fairy-story lightness of The Hobbit and the quest fantasy of The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien’s fiction has its roots in the mythopoetic logics of his theory of creative writing (or myth-making). Tolkien is the sub-creator; he is creating myths and building his own world. For Tolkien, God is the primary creator, but the author is the (sub-)creator of his own creation. This is consistent throughout Tolkien’s legendarium, despite the fact that whilst creating his fiction, Tolkien is “pretending” to be a translator of mythical pseudo-historical documents. In the main chapters, my research logics trace the inner timeline of Tolkien’s legendarium. Starting from the creation of the world, I move onto the long fall and struggle and to the end of the world. When discussing the theme of creation, I focus on the concept of creation on the intratextual level of Tolkien’s legendarium as well as on Tolkien’s aesthetics of creative work. In the end of the dissertation, I turn my attention also to the creative work of the reader. My theoretical approach is influenced by both Northrop Frye’s constructive theory of literature and Benjamin Harshav’s theory of constructive poetics. I discuss the creative methods of speculative historical epic and the dichotomies of beginning and end, good and evil, mortality and immortality, spiritual and physical, and visibility and invisibility, as well as how these elements are manifested in Tolkien’s mythopoetic vision. The structure of Tolkien’s constructive mythopoetics is illuminated through the grand concepts of the Creation, the Existence, the Fall and the Struggle. / Tiivistelmä Väitöskirjani käsittelee konstruktiivista mytopoetiikkaa J. R. R. Tolkienin legendaariossa. Työ keskittyy ennen kaikkea mytopoeettiseen logiikkaan ja elementteihin, joiden kautta Tolkienin tekstit ja hänen luomansa fantasiamaailma rakentuvat. Tutkimukseni muodostaa Tolkienin fiktion luennan, joka osoittaa, että Tolkienin legendaariolle voidaan löytää mytopoeettinen koodi. Tämä koodi havainnollistaa, että Tolkienin mytopoeettinen fiktio luo koherentin ja uskottavan kokonaisuuden kielen, myyttien sekä inter- ja intratekstuaalisten vaikutussuhteiden kautta. Tämä yhteenkuuluvuus ja koodi on nähtävissä, vaikka Tolkienin legendaarion osat ovat keskenään perin erilaisia, eri kirjallisuuslajeihin kuuluvia ja vaikka osa on julkaistu vain fragmentteina hänen kuolemansa jälkeen. Tolkienin mytopoeettinen logiikka ja luovan kirjoittamisen teoria näkyvät aina Silmarillion-teoksen kosmogonisesta luomismyytistä kevyen satumaiseen Hobittiin tai aina seikkailufantasiaan Taru Sormusten Herrasta. Tekijänä Tolkien näyttäytyy teoksissaan “alempana luojana” (sub-creator), joka kehittää myyttejä ja rakentaa fantasiamaailmaansa. Tolkienille Jumala on “ylempi luoja”, johon kirjailija vertautuu fiktion tasolla. Väitöskirjani tutkimuslogiikka seuraa Tolkienin legendaarion aikajärjestystä. Aloitan työni maailmanluomisesta, siirryn tämän jälkeen ns. pitkään tappioon ja haipumiseen sekä aina maailmanloppuun saakka. Luomisen teemaa käsitellessäni päähuomioni on sekä Tolkienin legendaarion teosten sisäisessä kertomuksessa että hänen kirjallisen luomisensa estetiikassa. Väitöskirjan loppupuolella käännän huomiotani myös lukijan “luomistyöhön” teoksia lukiessa. Käyttämääni teoreettiseen näkökulmaan ovat vaikuttaneet erityisesti Northrop Fryen konstruktiivinen kirjallisuusteoria sekä Benjamin Harshavin konstruktiivinen poetiikka. Käsittelyssäni ovat myös spekulatiivisen historiallisen epiikan metodit sekä hyvän ja pahan, kuolevaisuuden ja kuolemattomuuden, henkisen ja fyysisen sekä näkyvän ja näkymättömän vastakkainasetteluparit, ja ennen kaikkea se, kuinka nämä vastakkainasetteluparit ja elementit näyttäytyvät Tolkienin mytopoeettisessa visiossa. Tolkienin fiktion konstruktiivinen mytopoetiikka havainnollistuu metafyysisten ja temaattisten käsitteiden Luominen (Creation), Olemassaolo (Existence), Lankeamus (Fall) ja Ponnistelu (Struggle) kautta.