Operadores de tone mapping reverso (RTMOs) realçam imagens e vídeos de baixa faixa dinâmica para visualização em monitores de alta faixa dinâmica. Um problema comum encontrado por operadores anteriores é a maneira com que tratam conteúdo sub ou superexposto. Sob tais condições, eles podem não ser eficientes, e até mesmo causar perda e reversão de contraste visível. Apresentamos uma classe de operadores de tone mapping reverso, baseados no filtro bilateral cruzado (cross bilateral filter), capazes de gerar imagens HDR de alta qualidade. Experimentos utilizando uma métrica objetiva de avaliação de imagens demostram que nosso método é a única técnica capaz de realçar detalhes perceptíveis ao longo de uma grande gama de exposições de imagem, a qual inclui desde imagens subexpostas até imagens superexpostas. / Reverse tone mapping operators (rTMOs) enhance low-dynamic-range images and videos for display on high dynamic range monitors. A common problem faced by previous rTMOs is the handling of under or overexposed content. Under such conditions, they may not be effective, and even cause loss and reversal of visible contrast. We present a class of local rTMOs based on cross bilateral filtering that is capable of generating highquality HDR images and videos for a wide range of exposure conditions. Experiments performed using an objective image quality metric show that our approach is the only single technique available that can gracefully enhance perceived details across a large range of image exposures.

Title: The effect of intensity of voluntary isometric contraction on rheological characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue in vivo, in situ Objectives: The main aim of this study is to determine the effect of intensity of isometric voluntary contraction of skeletal muscle on its viscoelastic characteristics. The work also aims to contribute to the verification of myotonometer as an objective diagnostic instrument and compares it to known methods for evaluation of muscle tone, or its partial characteristics. Methods: We used myotonometer - utility model 29456 for evaluation of changes of stiffness and viscous behavior of skeletal muscle in vivo, in situ in 20 healthy volunteers. The values were compared during 0%, 20%, 35% and 50% of maximal strength of isometric contraction of finger flexors, controlled by hand-held dynamometer. Results: We concluded that both stiffness and viscous behavior of skeletal muscle increases with higher intensity of isometric voluntary contraction. Keywords: myotonometer, skeletal muscle, viscous behavior, stiffness, muscle tone

ix, 69 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / In this dissertation I investigate whether managers alter the linguistic tone of their earnings announcements to increase the value of their stock options. Empirical research finds evidence that managers use optimistic tone to signal future firm performance. However, prior literature also finds a positive relation between optimistic tone in earnings announcements and short-window abnormal returns. The market reaction to optimistic tone suggests that managers can profit from using pessimistic tone to lower the firm's stock price prior to option grants and optimistic tone to increase the stock price prior to option exercises. I hypothesize that managers adjust the tone of their earnings announcements to increase the value of their stock options. In addition, I hypothesize that managers will alter the tone to increase option payouts when the costs of doing so (proxied by litigation risk) are low and when the financial reporting incentives to do so (proxied by earnings management) are high. I test these predictions using 17,211 firm-quarter observations from 1998-2006. In my tests I regress the tone of the earnings announcement on its known determinants and indicators for a stock option grant or exercise shortly following the announcement. I do not find evidence that managers, on average, alter the tone of earnings announcements prior to option grants or exercises. However, I find that managers decrease optimistic tone prior to option grants when they also record low discretionary accruals, which suggests that altering tone and managing earnings are complementary strategies to move stock price. I also find that managers increase optimistic tone prior to option exercises when litigation risk is low, but decrease optimistic tone prior to option exercises when litigation risk is high. Further analysis indicates the litigation risk results hold only after the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Overall, my evidence suggests that managers increase optimistic tone prior to option exercises except when a high threat of litigation constrains such opportunism. When managers do alter tone, the average financial gain is small relative to their total compensation. / Committee in charge: Steven Matsunaga, Chairperson, Accounting; Angela Davis, Member, Accounting; David Guenther, Member, Accounting; Jeremy Piger, Outside Member, Economics

A morfologia espermática está entre as maiores causas de descarte de reprodutores nas centrais de difusão genética e, quando identificada precocemente, significa uma redução nos custos com reprodutores ociosos. O estudo objetivou avaliar a possibilidade de utilização de características testiculares (consistência à palpação manual, consistência à tonometria – tônus, ecogenicidade da imagem ultrassonográfica - em pixels, e heterogeneidade da ecogenicidade – em pixels) na identificação de reprodutores suínos com baixa qualidade de morfologia espermática. Foram avaliados 402 machos com idade média de 18,5 ± 8,8 meses, de cinco centrais de difusão genética. A avaliação espermática foi utilizada como critério de aptidão, sendo considerados aptos os reprodutores com menos de 20% de defeitos espermáticos, não ultrapassando o limite de 5% para defeitos de cabeça, acrossoma, colo e peça intermediária e 10% para defeitos de cauda (dobrada ou enrolada) e gota citoplasmática proximal. A porcentagem de animais aptos segundo a morfologia espermática foi de 71,9%. O tônus teve correlação positiva (P≤ 0,05) moderada com a consistência à palpação manual (r= 0,64). A heterogeneidade testicular foi fracamente correlacionada com a ecogenicidade (r= 0,39; P≤ 0,05) e com o percentual de anormalidades espermáticas (r= 0,11). Foram comparados os valores das características testiculares entre machos considerados aptos e inaptos, sendo a média de tônus inferior nos machos aptos (P= 0,04). A possível associação das características testiculares com o percentual de defeitos espermáticos foi analisada por regressão logística, incluindo as características (consistência à palpação manual, tônus, ecogenicidade e heterogeneidade do parênquima testicular) como variáveis contínuas ou classificatórias. A partir dos valores obtidos, foram criadas 4 classes de consistência à palpação e de tônus e 5 classes de ecogenicidade e heterogeneidade do parênquima testicular. Foi obtido um ponto de corte de 5,03mm, baseado no tônus testicular, para discriminar animais aptos e inaptos e maiores valores de tônus (variável contínua) diminuíram a chance dos machos serem aptos, no entanto, com baixo poder discriminatório (AUC= 0,66). A probabilidade de ocorrência de aptidão tendeu a ser menor na classe de tônus 4 (P= 0,07). Menores valores de tônus estão associados à maior porcentagem de normalidades espermáticas em suínos, auxiliando na identificação de animais com alta qualidade espermática. / Sperm morphology is an important cause of male culling in boar studs and if early detected may lead to a reduction on costs of exceeded males. The study aimed to evaluate the possibility for using testicular traits (testicular consistency by manual palpation and consistency by tonometry – tone, echogenicity by ultrasonography - pixels and heterogeneity of the echogenicity – pixels) on the identification of boars with high sperm morphology quality. Sperm evaluation was used as criteria for breeding soundness, being considered as satisfactory boars with less than 20% of total sperm abnormalities, with an upper limit of 5% head, acrosome, neck and mid piece defects and 10% of tail (coiled and bent) e proximal cytoplasmic droplet. The percentage of satisfactory boars was 71.9%. Tone was positively correlated (P≤ 0.05) with consistency by manual palpation (r= 0.64). Testicular heterogeneity was weakly correlated (P≤ 0.05) with echogenicity (r= 0.39) and with percentage of sperm abnormalities (r= 0.11). It was compared the values of testicular traits between satisfactory and unsatisfactory boars, and a lower mean of tone was found on satisfactory boars (P= 0.04). The possible association of testicular traits with the percentage of sperm defects was analyzed by logistic regression, including the traits (consistency by manual palpation, tone, echogenicity and heterogeneity) as continuous and categorical variables. Considering the values obtained, 4 classes were created for consistency by manual palpation and tone and 5 classes were created for echogenicity and heterogeneity of the testicular parenchyma. It was obtained a cut-off value of 5.03mm, based on testicular tone, to discriminate satisfactory and unsatisfactory boars and higher values of tone (as continuous variable) decreased the chance of boars to be satisfactory, however with low discriminatory power (AUC= 0.66). The probability of occurrence of satisfactory boars tended to be lower on class 4 of tone (P= 0.07). Lower values of tone are associated with higher percentage of sperm normality, contributing to the identification of boars with high sperm quality.

abstract: This study investigates the relation between the line of service (audit, tax, advisory) of Big Four office managing partners (OMPs) and both non-audit service fees and audit quality. Given that audit quality has been shown to vary across offices and because changes in office-level leadership can impact the office culture, I examine the impact of the OMP’s line of service on non-audit service fees and audit quality. I find that when an accounting firm office changes leadership to an advisory OMP, non-audit service revenues increase while audit quality suffers. This finding is consistent with advisory partners encouraging an office culture that emphasizes selling non-audit services more than conducting quality audits. Overall, this study provides evidence consistent with regulators’ concerns that the recent trend toward greater advisory services at the largest accounting firms reduces their focus on providing high-quality audits, thereby leading to decreased audit quality. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Accountancy 2016

Abstract Jeanine Rueff ́s Sonata is a dodecaphonic piece for an unaccompanied saxophone. The aim of this thesis is two fold: First I will do an analysis of the Sonata to try to discover if she used some characteristic series (original, inverted, retrograde, inverted-retrograde...) in her style or, otherwise, she wrote free form. Then, I am going to talk about this technique and the evolution from classical music to atonality and, eventually, I am going to perform the piece in my final master recital. Key words: Saxophone, Jeanine Rueff, twelve-tone technique, classical saxophone, analysis, musical research, Daniel Deffayet.

Face detection refers to a number of techniques that identify faces in images and videos. As part of the senior project exercise at Pomona College, I explore the process of face detection using a JavaScript library called CLMtrackr. CLMtrackr works in any browser and detects faces within the video stream captured by a webcam. The focus of this paper is to explore the shortcomings in the inclusivity of the CLMtrackr library and consequently that of face detection. In my research, I have used two datasets that contain human faces with diverse backgrounds, in order to assess the accuracy of CLMtrackr. The two datasets are the MUCT and PPB. In addition, I investigate whether skin color is a key factor in determining face detection's success, to ascertain where and why a face might not be recognized within an image. While my research and work produced some inconclusive results due to a small sample size and a couple outliers in my outputs, it is clear that there is a trends toward the CLMtrackr algorithm recognizing faces with lighter skin tones more often than darker ones.

Orientador: Lia Tomás / Banca: Florivaldo Menezes Filho / Banca: Vladimir Pinheiro Safatle / Resumo: Esta dissertação tem como tema a relação entre teoria e prática da técnica dodecafônica em Adorno. Enfoca a crítica efetuada por Adorno à técnica dodecafônica no ensaio Schoenberg e o progresso, as noções de dessensibilização do material e de obra tardia e algumas peças musicais compostas por Adorno em seus anos de exílio na Inglaterra e nos EUA. Pretende com isso mostrar a afinidade existente entre a crítica teórica de Adorno ao dodecafonismo serial mais ortodoxo e o caráter idiossincrático dos procedimentos seriais e da concepção formal presentes em algumas de suas últimas composições. / Abstract: This dissertation has as theme the relationship between theory and practice of the twelve-tone technique in Adorno's work. It focuses the critic made by Adorno to the twelve-tone technique in the essay Schoenberg and the progress, the notions of desensitization of the material and of late work and some musical pieces composed by Adorno in his years of exile in England and in the USA. It intends with that to show the existent likeness among Adorno's theoretical critic to the more orthodox twelve-tone technique and the idiosyncratic character of the serial procedures and of the formal conception present in some of his last compositions. / Mestre

Operadores de tone mapping reverso (RTMOs) realçam imagens e vídeos de baixa faixa dinâmica para visualização em monitores de alta faixa dinâmica. Um problema comum encontrado por operadores anteriores é a maneira com que tratam conteúdo sub ou superexposto. Sob tais condições, eles podem não ser eficientes, e até mesmo causar perda e reversão de contraste visível. Apresentamos uma classe de operadores de tone mapping reverso, baseados no filtro bilateral cruzado (cross bilateral filter), capazes de gerar imagens HDR de alta qualidade. Experimentos utilizando uma métrica objetiva de avaliação de imagens demostram que nosso método é a única técnica capaz de realçar detalhes perceptíveis ao longo de uma grande gama de exposições de imagem, a qual inclui desde imagens subexpostas até imagens superexpostas. / Reverse tone mapping operators (rTMOs) enhance low-dynamic-range images and videos for display on high dynamic range monitors. A common problem faced by previous rTMOs is the handling of under or overexposed content. Under such conditions, they may not be effective, and even cause loss and reversal of visible contrast. We present a class of local rTMOs based on cross bilateral filtering that is capable of generating highquality HDR images and videos for a wide range of exposure conditions. Experiments performed using an objective image quality metric show that our approach is the only single technique available that can gracefully enhance perceived details across a large range of image exposures.

A morfologia espermática está entre as maiores causas de descarte de reprodutores nas centrais de difusão genética e, quando identificada precocemente, significa uma redução nos custos com reprodutores ociosos. O estudo objetivou avaliar a possibilidade de utilização de características testiculares (consistência à palpação manual, consistência à tonometria – tônus, ecogenicidade da imagem ultrassonográfica - em pixels, e heterogeneidade da ecogenicidade – em pixels) na identificação de reprodutores suínos com baixa qualidade de morfologia espermática. Foram avaliados 402 machos com idade média de 18,5 ± 8,8 meses, de cinco centrais de difusão genética. A avaliação espermática foi utilizada como critério de aptidão, sendo considerados aptos os reprodutores com menos de 20% de defeitos espermáticos, não ultrapassando o limite de 5% para defeitos de cabeça, acrossoma, colo e peça intermediária e 10% para defeitos de cauda (dobrada ou enrolada) e gota citoplasmática proximal. A porcentagem de animais aptos segundo a morfologia espermática foi de 71,9%. O tônus teve correlação positiva (P≤ 0,05) moderada com a consistência à palpação manual (r= 0,64). A heterogeneidade testicular foi fracamente correlacionada com a ecogenicidade (r= 0,39; P≤ 0,05) e com o percentual de anormalidades espermáticas (r= 0,11). Foram comparados os valores das características testiculares entre machos considerados aptos e inaptos, sendo a média de tônus inferior nos machos aptos (P= 0,04). A possível associação das características testiculares com o percentual de defeitos espermáticos foi analisada por regressão logística, incluindo as características (consistência à palpação manual, tônus, ecogenicidade e heterogeneidade do parênquima testicular) como variáveis contínuas ou classificatórias. A partir dos valores obtidos, foram criadas 4 classes de consistência à palpação e de tônus e 5 classes de ecogenicidade e heterogeneidade do parênquima testicular. Foi obtido um ponto de corte de 5,03mm, baseado no tônus testicular, para discriminar animais aptos e inaptos e maiores valores de tônus (variável contínua) diminuíram a chance dos machos serem aptos, no entanto, com baixo poder discriminatório (AUC= 0,66). A probabilidade de ocorrência de aptidão tendeu a ser menor na classe de tônus 4 (P= 0,07). Menores valores de tônus estão associados à maior porcentagem de normalidades espermáticas em suínos, auxiliando na identificação de animais com alta qualidade espermática. / Sperm morphology is an important cause of male culling in boar studs and if early detected may lead to a reduction on costs of exceeded males. The study aimed to evaluate the possibility for using testicular traits (testicular consistency by manual palpation and consistency by tonometry – tone, echogenicity by ultrasonography - pixels and heterogeneity of the echogenicity – pixels) on the identification of boars with high sperm morphology quality. Sperm evaluation was used as criteria for breeding soundness, being considered as satisfactory boars with less than 20% of total sperm abnormalities, with an upper limit of 5% head, acrosome, neck and mid piece defects and 10% of tail (coiled and bent) e proximal cytoplasmic droplet. The percentage of satisfactory boars was 71.9%. Tone was positively correlated (P≤ 0.05) with consistency by manual palpation (r= 0.64). Testicular heterogeneity was weakly correlated (P≤ 0.05) with echogenicity (r= 0.39) and with percentage of sperm abnormalities (r= 0.11). It was compared the values of testicular traits between satisfactory and unsatisfactory boars, and a lower mean of tone was found on satisfactory boars (P= 0.04). The possible association of testicular traits with the percentage of sperm defects was analyzed by logistic regression, including the traits (consistency by manual palpation, tone, echogenicity and heterogeneity) as continuous and categorical variables. Considering the values obtained, 4 classes were created for consistency by manual palpation and tone and 5 classes were created for echogenicity and heterogeneity of the testicular parenchyma. It was obtained a cut-off value of 5.03mm, based on testicular tone, to discriminate satisfactory and unsatisfactory boars and higher values of tone (as continuous variable) decreased the chance of boars to be satisfactory, however with low discriminatory power (AUC= 0.66). The probability of occurrence of satisfactory boars tended to be lower on class 4 of tone (P= 0.07). Lower values of tone are associated with higher percentage of sperm normality, contributing to the identification of boars with high sperm quality.