Title The objectification of using of kinesio taping to influence a muscle tone in epicondylitis. Objectives The aim of this master thesis is to find an effect of inhibitive kinesiotape application to muscle tone of hypertonic m. extensor digitorum communis and to pain of lateral epicondyl in lateral epicondylitis. Method The master thesis is divided to theoretical part and empirical research, which is based on the first part. The evaluation of m. extensor digitorum communis tension after kinesiotape application is provided by myotonometry method. The measurement is performed in 5 tested persons before and after two-day kinesio tape application. The questionaire Numeric pain rating scale helps to find a change of pain before and after kinesio tape application and then the dependence of pain to muscle tone change. Results The myotonometer measurement found a decrease of m. extensor digitorum communis tension for 4 from 5 tested persons after two-day application. The pain of lateral epicondyl was reduced for all probands. Keywords lateral epicondylitis, tennis elbow, muscle tone, kinesio taping, myotonometer

Title: Effect of sauna on muscle tone after physical excersise Topic definition: This thesis presents a pilot theoretical - empirical two-factor experiment, where the main subject of the experiment is to evaluate the effect of sauna on increased muscle tension after sport and its potential for use in physical therapy and recovery. Aim of the thesis: To provide a summary of theoretical knowledge related to the subject and to assess the impact of sauna usage on muscle tension occurred after short term maximal anaerobic excercise and compare it with passive rest. Methods: This thesis will be processed at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport on 6 individuals, who will be randomly divided into two equally large groups. The first three-person group will be a research one, the second three-member group will be the control group. Afterwards they will be subjected to a Wingate stress test. The experimental group will participate in sauna treatments and the control group in passive rest. Muscle tension will be measured before the load, after the load, and after the sauna / passive rest. Measurements will take place in a kinesiology lab at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports. Measurements will be done by using a myotonometer and the data will be gathered via an analogue-digital converter and...

L'apprentissage implicite est une acquisition d'information complexe sans intention d'apprendre. Le but de cette thèse est de déterminer comment des régularités temporelles peuvent influencer l'apprentissage implicite d'une grammaire artificielle basée sur des structures de hauteur des notes. Selon la théorie de l'attention dynamique (Jones, 1976), il y a une synchronisation entre des régularités temporelles des événements externes et des oscillateurs internes qui guide l'attention à travers le temps et aide à développer les attentes perceptives et temporelles. Notre hypothèse est que des structures métriques fortes pourront stimuler l'apprentissage implicite. Nous faisons l'hypothèse que le fait de présenter des hauteurs de notes avec des structures métriques fortes permet de développer des attentes temporelles par rapport à l'arrivée du prochain évènement. Ces attentes facilitent le traitement de hauteur des notes et ensuite «boostent» l'apprentissage implicite de la grammaire artificielle. Trois études ont été réalisées pendant cette thèse. L'étude 1 était une étude comportementale dans laquelle nous avons étudié l'influence d'une présentation temporelle régulière (avec une métrique forte) vs. irrégulière sur l'apprentissage implicite d'une grammaire artificielle basée sur des structures de hauteur des notes. Les résultats ont montré que la présentation temporelle influence l'apprentissage implicite et que la présentation temporelle régulière représente un avantage pour l'apprentissage implicite par rapport à la présentation temporelle irrégulière. Dans une étude électrophysiologique (L'étude 2) nous avons étudié quelle présentation temporelle de la grammaire artificielle, rythmique avec une métrique forte ou isochrone, serait plus efficace pour apprendre implicitement la grammaire des hauteurs des notes. Les résultats électrophysiologiques ont montré que les structures métriques apportent un bénéfice supplémentaire à l'apprentissage implicite. Dans l'étude 3 nous avons étudié comment des structures métriques fortes permettent d'améliorer les capacités d'apprentissage implicite chez des patients avec des lésions dans le cortex frontal inférieur qui ont été décrits comme déficitaires pour apprendre des structures artificielles. Les résultats comportementaux et électrophysiologiques ont montré que les patients atteints de lésions dans le cortex frontal inférieur sont capables d'apprendre une nouvelle grammaire artificielle malgré leurs lésions et leur déficit syntaxique. Il pourrait être utile d'exploiter cet avantage de la présentation métrique chez les patients, pour qui un déficit de l'apprentissage implicite a été montré avec des matériaux non-métriques et non musicaux / The thesis aims to investigate how temporal regularities can influence the implicit learning of artificial pitch structures. Implicit learning refers to the acquisition of structure knowledge by mere exposure. According to the Dynamic Attending Theory proposed by Jones (Jones, 1976), internal attentional oscillators synchronize with external temporal regularities, helping to guide attention over time and to develop temporal and perceptual expectations about future events. We made the hypothesis that strongly metrical structures might boost implicit learning, and in particular, that the strongly metrical presentation of pitch structures helps listeners to develop temporal expectations about the occurrence of the next event and thus benefits to the processing of the pitch dimension, leading to better learning of the artificial material. Three studies were realized during this PhD thesis. In Study 1, we used a behavioral approach to investigate how regular and irregular temporal presentations of an artificial pitch grammar influence implicit learning. The data revealed that both types of temporal presentations can influence implicit learning, but that the regular presentation leads to an advantage over the irregular presentation. In Study 2, we used behavioral and electrophysiological methods to investigate which type of regular temporal presentation of the artificial grammar, i.e. strongly metrical or isochronous, leads to better implicit learning of pitch structures. Electrophysiological results showed that the metrical framework provided an additional benefit for the pitch structure learning. In Study 3, we investigated whether the strongly metrical presentation allows patients with left inferior frontal lesions (with previously reported deficits for implicit learning) to learn the artificial pitch grammar. Behavioral and electrophysiological results showed that patients with left inferior frontal gyrus lesions acquired the new artificial grammar despite their lesions and despite previously reported deficits in implicit learning and syntax processing of natural language. It might be useful to exploit the potential benefit of the strongly metrical presentation further in patients for who impaired IL has been shown with non-musical and non-metrical materials

KwaZulu-Natal has been ranked as having the fourth highest incidence of transmitted Multiple Drug Resistant-Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in sub-Saharan Africa. Substantial literature exists indicating the permanent damage that MDR-TB medication has on hearing abilities. The purpose of this study was to describe the hearing function of adults on long term MDR-TB treatment from Murchison Hospital MDR-TB unit in the Ugu District in rural KwaZulu-Natal. The primary aim of the study was to review the possible changes in hearing function in a group of adults on long-term treatment for MDR-TB. Secondly, the study aimed to estimate the number of adults who may present with changes following MDR-TB treatment and establish if relationships exist between the audiological findings and factors such as age and gender. The design of the study was a retrospective comparative data review of 68 patient records, all of which underwent audiological investigations from the start of MDR-TB treatment over a five-month period. The study made use of descriptive and inferential statistics to analyse the data. Specific inferential statistical analysis included analysis of covariance as well as regression analysis. Results from the study showed changes in hearing function in Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAEs) and Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA) results at all five audiological sessions and across a range of frequencies. 84% of the total sample presented with overall refer readings for DPOAEs and 98.53% of the group of adults presented with criteria indicative of ototoxic hearing loss, specifically a bilateral mild-profound sloping SNHL on clinical PTA results. In the total sample of patient records reviewed in this study, all 68 records showed a change in hearing function, be that changes in DPOAE function and/or changes in PTA thresholds, following long-term treatment for MDR-TB. Variations in the effects of gender and ear difference were minimal and non-significant in all results. Similar presentation, to ototoxic hearing loss, of other degenerative conditions exists; however these conditions were accounted for as exclusion criteria in this study. Therefore the only remaining cause of possible hearing deficit was that of ototoxicity. The study provided valuable data regarding hearing function in a population of adults on long-term MDR-TB treatment in South Africa. Furthermore, the study has highlighted the need for the establishment of standardised audiological monitoring programmes sensitive to ototoxic hearing loss, within the South African context where the incidence of Tuberculosis (TB) and MDR-TB is reportedly high.

Cette thèse se situe à l’interface de deux des sujets de recherche du LEPSi8S, la perception et la réalité virtuelle, appliqués aux transports routiers. L’objectif de la thèse est d’améliorer l’état de l’art concernant le rendu des images de synthèse pour les simulateurs de conduite. L’axe privilégié est le réalisme perceptif des images. L’approche retenue propose un mode de rendu High Dynamic Range, qui permet de générer une image en luminance. La technique proposée permet de réutiliser des environnements virtuels classiques, avec un minimum d’informations supplémentaires concernant les sources lumineuses. Les textures et matériaux existants sont utilisés pour un rendu aussi proche physiquement de la réalité que possible. Ensuite, l’image est traitée avec un opérateur de reproduction de tons, qui compresse la dynamique pour tenir compte des limites liées au dispositif d’affichage, tout en respectant autant que possible un réalisme perceptif du rendu. L’opérateur a été choisi de façon à ce qu’il soit adapté à la simulation de conduite, notamment pour les cas extrêmes (nuit, éblouissement, soleil rasant). Une simulation de l’éblouissement a également été implémentée. L’ensemble du rendu est temps réel, et a été intégré dans la boucle visuelle les simulateurs de conduite du LEPSiS. Enfin, des comparaisons réel-virtuel ont permis de montrer la qualité du rendu HDR obtenu. Des expérimentations avec sujets, sur des photographies (avec une référence réelle) et sur des vidéos, ont de plus montré les meilleures performances d’un opérateur doté d’un modèle visuel humain pour la simulation de conduite, notamment par sa capacité à s’adapter temporellement aux variations de luminance. / The LEPSiS is leading applied research on the transportation field. This PhD addresses perception and virtual reality, two research topics at the LEPSiS. The objective of my PhD was to improve the state of the art of the computer graphic image rendering for driving simulator applications. The main issue was the perceptual realism of the images, notably in high dynamic range conditions (night, glare). The proposed approach puts forward a High Dynamic Range mode, allowing us to render images in luminance.We use classic virtual environments, with small additional information about the light sources. The textures and materials are used for a rendering as close as possible to physical reality. Then, the image is processed by a tone mapping operator, which compresses the luminance dynamic, taking into account the limited range of the display device and the perceptual realism of the rendering. The chosen tone mapping is adapted to driving simulations, and especially to extreme situations (night, skimming sun). A glare simulation was also added. The entire rendering is real time, and is now included in the driving simulators of the LEPSiS. Lastly, real-virtual comparisons assessed the quality of the obtained HDR rendering. Moreover, two psycho-visual experiments with subjects, on photographs (with a real reference) and on video (without reference), showed the relevance of a tone mapping with a human visual model, including temporal adaptation to changing luminance, for driving simulations.

Nos recherches ont porté sur l'étude des indices d'orientation (sonores et verbaux) de l'attention auditive dans une situation d'écoute dichotique au cours du développement. Quatre expériences ont été proposées à des enfants âgés de 8 à 12 ans ainsi qu'à des adultes. Si les deux types d'indices permettent aux populations adultes d'orienter efficacement leur attention vers leurs deux oreilles pour identifier les stimuli cibles et pour résoudre les conflits cognitifs induits par les conditions d'orientation, en revanche, seuls les enfants de plus de 9 ans utilisent les indices verbaux pour orienter efficacement leur attention et résoudre les conflits cognitifs. L'ensemble des résultats suggère (a) que les capacités d'orientation de l'attention se développent en synergie avec le développement cérébral (maturation du cortex préfrontal qui connait une accélération vers 9 ans) et (b) que des indices verbaux favorisent une orientation efficace de l'attention des enfants de moins de 9 ans ainsi que des performances élevées d'identification des stimuli dans leurs deux oreilles. Nous avançons l'hypothèse selon laquelle le rôle facilitateur des indices verbaux résulterait de la pré-activation des processus top-down qu'ils suscitent. En effet, les processus top-down s'avèrent être nécessaires à un contrôle attentionnel de qualité. Ainsi, la présentation de ces indices favoriserait l'activation de ces processus, qui sont difficilement sollicités par les jeunes enfants. L'immaturité du cortex pré-frontal des enfants de moins de 9 ans pourrait expliquer les difficultés d'activation spontanée. / Our work focused on the study of auditory orienting attention cues (with tone cues and verbal cues) in dichotic listening situations across development. Four experiments were carried out with 8 to 12 years old children and with adults. If adults appeared to benefit from the use of tone cues as much as the use of verbal cues to improve their performance of identification in both ears, and thus to improve their cognitive control, however, only 9 years old children took advantage of verbal cues to orient more efficiently their attention and resolve cognitive conflicts. Below this age, only tones cues helped the children to orient and control their attention to the indicated ear.Altogether our results reveal that (a) auditory orienting capacities develop in synergy with cerebral development (the maturation of the prefrontal cortex increases at around 9 years of age), and that (b) verbal cues lead to an efficient orientation of attention and high performance of identification in both ears, even under the age of 9.We suggest that the facilitator role of verbal cues could result from the pre-activation of the top-down processes that they involve. Indeed, top-down processes are essential for cognitive control. Therefore, the presentation of this type of cues would enhance the activation of processes that are not so easily recruited by young children. The immaturity of the pre-frontal cortex of children below 9 years of age could explain the difficulties encountered by this age group.

1 ABSTRACT This diploma issue brings the new knowledge from the physiotherapeutical and special educational intervention like diagnostics and therapy by multiple disabeled child with Dandy-Walker syndrom. Therapeutical method which we deals with is called TheraSuit. One of the aims of this work is to find out which areas of the psychomotor development is primary focused on TheraSuit. We would like to know what is its advantage over the use of standard rehabilitation techniques in outpatient care. Research methods are semistructured interview with the mother of the respondent, observation, special educational and physiotherapeutic diagnostics and aplication of their techniques. Effectiveness of these remedial procedures we are verifying by standardized tests, kineziological analyzes, assesements of self-sufficiency and gross motors skills at the end of every rehabilitation. This research confirms efficiency of exercises with TheraSuit Method particurally in speed of locomotion development by our respondent. However it is not possible to neglect of outpatient treatment with the use of usual therapeutic process especially because of their easy application at home. Regural health physiotherapeutic and special educational activity is the foundation of succsess of every rehabilitaion. KEY WORDS Stimulation,...

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:12:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kelly Cristina de Souza Fernandes.pdf: 272473 bytes, checksum: fd1b99ff0dcaf5e12bdb0ad1b9c2912e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-10-09 / INTRODUCTION: Many situations may difficult the obtaining of thresholds for each ear, separately, in pure tone audiometry, demanding the use of masking. The plateau method, developed by Hood (1960) has being the most utilized for more than four decades. Nevertheless, Turner (2004) has suggested a masking protocol with a different method, called optimized, which could replace the previous one with efficacy in specific cases. PURPOSE: To verify if there is a difference among air and bone conduction hearing thresholds, using the two clinical masking methods: plateau and optimized. METHOD: Forty individuals aged from 15 to 65 years old, with either unilateral or bilateral hearing losses, considering unilateral, bilateral, symmetrical and just bone, proposed by Turner s classification, have participated of this study. They underwent air and bone conduction pure tone audiometry for both ears, without and with the use of the two masking methods. RESULTS: There was a 6.1% difference between the results for the air conduction threshold retest and a 15.1 % for the bone conduction threshold retest, taking into consideration the symmetrical model and a 12.8% for the bone conduction retest, considering the just bone model. There was no statistically significant difference between the air and bone conduction hearing thresholds with the two masking methods, considering unilateral and bilateral models. CONCLUSION: The plateau method can be utilized for all models and the optimized one is the most efficient for unilateral and bilateral models, having no indication for the symmetrical model. Therefore, both masking methods have presented advantages and disadvantages, implying that the audiologist must have knowledge of them in order to choose correctly the masking method to be used / INTRODUÇÃO: Na realização da audiometria tonal, determinadas situações dificultam a obtenção dos limiares para cada orelha separadamente, havendo a necessidade de utilização do mascaramento. O Método Platô, desenvolvido por Hood (1960), vem sendo o mais utilizado há mais de quatro décadas. Contudo, em 2004, Turner sugeriu um protocolo de mascaramento no qual um diferente método, denominado Método Otimizado, poderia substituí-lo de forma eficaz em casos específicos. OBJETIVO: Verificar se há diferença entre os limiares auditivos obtidos, por via aérea e via óssea, utilizando-se dois métodos de mascaramento clínico: o Método Platô e o Otimizado. MÉTODO: Participaram deste estudo 40 indivíduos, com idades entre 15 e 65 anos, que apresentavam perda auditiva unilateral ou bilateral, considerando os modelos unilateral, bilateral, simétrico e somente-ósseo, propostos pela classificação de Turner (2004). Foram realizados os procedimentos de audiometria tonal liminar por via aérea e óssea, para ambas as orelhas, sem e com a utilização dos dois métodos de mascaramento. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os limiares auditivos obtidos com os dois métodos de mascaramento por via aérea e via óssea considerando-se os modelos, unilateral e bilateral. No entanto, houve diferença de 6,1% dos resultados para o re-teste dos limiares por via aérea e de 15,1% para o re-teste por via óssea, considerando o modelo simétrico e de 12,8% para o re-teste de via óssea, considerando o modelo somente-ósseo. CONCLUSÃO: O Método Platô pode ser utilizado para todos os modelos e o Otimizado é mais eficaz para os modelos unilateral e bilateral, não sendo indicado para o modelo simétrico. Diante disso, ambos os métodos de mascaramento apresentaram vantagens e desvantagens, sugerindo que o audiologista tenha conhecimento destas para que proceda a seleção do método de forma consciente

L’objectif de cette thèse était de caractériser le rôle des différentes familles de phosphodiestérases (PDEs), les enzymes de dégradation du 3'-5'- adénosine monophosphate cyclique (AMPc), dans la régulation de la signalisation de l’AMPc dans deux types de cellules musculaires lisses (CMLs), l’aorte de rat (CMLAR) et la vessie de rat néonatal (CMLVRN). Dans les CMLARs en culture, nous avons déterminé le profil d’expression et d’activité des PDE-AMPc. Nous avons alors montré, à l’aide de la technique de FRET basée sur une sonde sensible à l’AMPc pour mesurer l’AMPc en temps réel dans une cellule isolée, que l’inhibition de la PDE4 démasque un effet d’hydrolyse de l’AMPc cytosolique par la PDE1 et la PDE3, alors que les PDE3 et PDE4 agissent de façon synergistique dans le compartiment sous-membranaire. Les mécanismes de cette compartimentation subcellulaire des signaux restent à caractériser.Dans les CMLVRNs, les PDE3 et PDE4 régulent les contractions phasiques, par des mécanismes différents. L’inhibition de la PDE4 limite les contractions stimulées par le carbachol par un mécanisme dépendant de la protéine kinase A, impliquant une augmentation de la fréquence des sparks calciques, qui entrainent l’activation des canaux potassiques BK, assurant en final une diminution des transitoires calciques. Au contraire, l’effet de l’inhibition de la PDE3 implique la protéine kinase G mais par un mécanisme qui reste à définir.En conclusion, ce travail montre que dans les CMLs, les différents familles de PDE-AMPc sont douées de spécificité de fonction et/ou de mécanisme d’action, et participent ainsi à une compartimentation subcellulaire des voies de signalisation. / The aim of the present thesis was to characterize the role of the different families of phosphodiesterases (PDEs), the enzymes degrading 3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), in controlling the cAMP signalling in two distinct smooth muscle cells (SMCs), the rat aorta SMC (RASMCs) and the rat bladder SMC (RBSMCs).In cultured RASMCs, we firstly characterized the pattern of cAMP-PDE expression and activity. We then showed, by using a FRET-based cAMP sensor to explore cAMP signals in living cells, that PDE4 inhibition unmasks an effect of PDE1 and PDE3 on cytosolic cAMP hydrolyzis, whereas PDE3 and PDE4 act synergistically at the submembrane compartment. The mechanisms of this subcellular compartmentation need to be characterized. In neonatal RBSMCs, we showed that both PDE3 and PDE4 are involved in regulating the phasic contractions albeit through distinct mechanisms. PDE4 inhibition inhibits the carbachol-enhanced contractions through a protein kinase A-dependent pathway involving an increase in Ca2+ sparks frequency which activates BK channels to ultimately decrease Ca2+ transients, whereas PDE3 inhibition acts through a protein kinase G-dependent pathway through a still unknown mechanism.In conclusion, our work shows that in the SMC, the different cAMP-PDE families exhibit a specificity in their function and/or mechanism of action, thus participating to a subcellular signaling compartmentation.