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Thesis (MSc.(R)) - University of Glasgow, 2007. / MSc.(R) thesis submitted to the Department of Geographical and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 2007. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.

It has long been observed that there is a correlation between the physical qualities of a watercourse and the linguistic qualities of its name; for instance, of two river-names, one having the linguistic quality of river as its generic element, and one having burn, one would expect the river to be the longer of the two. Until now, a phenomenon such as this had never been formally quantified. The primary focus of this thesis is to create, within a Scottish context, a methodology for elucidating the relationship between various qualities of hydronyms and the qualities of the watercourses they represent. The area of study includes every catchment area which falls into the sea from the River Forth, round the east coast of Scotland, up to and including the Spey; also included is the east side of the River Leven / Loch Lomond catchment area. The linguistic strata investigated are: Early Celtic, P-Celtic, Gaelic and Scots. In the first half of the introduction scholarly approaches to toponymy are discussed, in a Scottish and hydronymic context, from the inception of toponymy as a discipline up to the present day; the capabilities and limitations of these approaches are taken into consideration. In the second half the approaches taken in this thesis are outlined. The second chapter explains and justifies in more detail the methodology and calculus used in this thesis. The subsequent chapters examine the following linguistic components of a hydronym: generic elements, linguistic strata, semantics and phonological overlay. In each of these chapters the methodology is harnessed as an analytical tool to generate new findings for hydronymic research. The conclusion consists of a summary of the findings and a review of the performance of the calculus. It emerges that these analytical tools are of use to the field of toponymy in two ways. Firstly, they formalise and challenge previously unquantified statements made in the field of toponymy. Secondly, they elucidate hitherto unnoticed phenomena. It is suggested that in the future this methodology be applied to other datasets (particularly hill-names) and to other regions in Scotland and the world at large.

Early literature in the field of environmental ethics suggests that environmental problems are not technological problems requiring technological solutions, but rather are problems deeply rooted in Western value systems calling for a reorientation of our values. This dissertation examines what resources are available to us in reorienting our values if this starting point is correct. Three positions can be observed in the environmental ethics literature on this issue: 1. We can go back and reinterpret our Western canonical texts and figures to determine if they can be useful in providing fresh insight on today's environmental challenges; 2. We abandon the traditional approaches, since these are what led to the crisis in the first place, and we seek to establish entirely new approaches and new environmental identities to face the environmental challenges of the 21st century; 3. We look outside of the Western tradition for guidance from other cultures to see how they inhabit and interact with the natural world. This dissertation presents and evaluates these three options and ultimately argues for an approach similar to the third option, suggesting that dialogue with indigenous cultures and traditions can help us to reorient our values and assist in developing more sustainable environmental identities.

M.A. / It is true that public participation processes in local government do not produce the outcomes that reveal a fully optimised process. The aim of the study was to bring about a better understanding of the perceptions and experiences of Pretoria Central residents, in particular, with regard to the possible extent to which they feel they participated in discussions pertaining to the re-naming of Pretoria. This was achieved by way of a literature review and an analysis of the data collected during the focus groups. The methodological approach that was used by the researcher was a qualitative one, and purposive and snowball techniques were instrumental for the identification of participants. In chapter 1, the topic of the study is introduced and the background to the study, the research problem, the design and methodology as well as the outline of the chapters is explained. In chapter 2, the concept of public participation is discussed within the context of the local government. The role and involvement of the public in decision making is discussed, as well as public participation in other countries and how these relate to South Africa. The discussion is positioned within the broader context of Dahrendorf’s theory of conflict. Chapter 3 deals with the research design and methodology used to research the topic of this study. In chapter 4, the presentation of research findings is given, according to the themes that were used during data collection and analysis. The study shows that the respondents were unhappy about the manner in which the renaming of Pretoria was conducted. They were of the opinion that the municipality could have done better in terms of advertising and informing them about the process so that they could participate. The last chapter focuses on the conclusion and recommendations based on the findings discussed in the previous chapter. The researcher makes some recommendations based on the gaps that he identified on the findings. The study has some limitations which are also discussed.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A ToponÃmia à a ciÃncia que estuda os nomes prÃprios de lugares. Os estudos toponÃmicos tÃm se revelado de grande importÃncia para o resgate de caracterÃsticas culturais, ideolÃgicas e linguÃsticas dos grupos humanos que habitaram ou habitam um dado lugar, bem como para a recuperaÃÃo de aspectos fÃsicos do prÃprio lugar. Com base nessas consideraÃÃes, o objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a motivaÃÃo toponÃmica de 54 nomes de lugares que aparecem registrados nos 67 autos de querela editados por Ximenes (2006) e traÃar o perfil toponomÃstico do Cearà oitocentista atà os dias atuais, a fim de identificar as possÃveis mudanÃas toponomÃsticas ocorridas ao longo do tempo. Os fundamentos teÃricos e os procedimentos metodolÃgicos que nortearam esta pesquisa tiveram como base as contribuiÃÃes de Dick (1992), que descreveu um modelo taxionÃmico toponÃmico, o qual apresenta 27 taxes, sendo 11 de natureza fÃsica e 16 de natureza antropocultural. Os dados foram registrados em fichas lexicogrÃfico-toponÃmicas que constituem o modelo proposto por Dick (2004). Verificou-se que 53% dos topÃnimos sÃo de natureza antropocultural e 47% sÃo de natureza fÃsica. A partir de pesquisa bibliogrÃfica e documental, foi possÃvel reconstituir importantes aspectos histÃricos, geogrÃficos, culturais e linguÃsticos do Cearà por meio da anÃlise de seus topÃnimos. / Toponymy is the science of proper names of places. Toponymic studies have proved great importance for the rescue of cultural, ideological and linguistic features of groups of humans who lived or live in a given place, as well as for the recovery of the physical aspects of the place itself. Based on these considerations, the aim os this study was to describe the toponymic motivation of 54 place names out of the 67 ones recorded in the records of complaint edited by Ximenes (2006) and to describe the toponomastic profile of Cearà from nineteenth century to the present days, in order to identify possible toponomastic changes occurring over time. The theoretical fundaments and methodological procedures that guided this research was based on the contributions of Dick (1992), who described a taxonomic toponymic model featuring 27 taxes, out of which 11 are physical natured and 16 are of antropocultural nature. Data were recorded in lexical-toponymic cards which is the model proposed by Dick (2004). It was found that 53% of the toponyms are of antropocultural nature and 47% are of physical nature. From literature and documental research, it was possible to reconstruct important aspects of history, geography, culture and linguistics of Cearà through the analysis of its place names.

La present tesi consisteix en un recull toponímic pretèrit i present del terme d'Osor, comarca de la Selva a les Guilleries. S'hi recullen prop de 3600 noms de lloc recollits oralment o en documentació antiga sobre els quals s'hi realitza una situació, un recull documental, un estudi gràfic i una hipòtesi etimològica. A més a més, s'hi presenta la situació geogràfica (quan és possible) dins l'espai treballat, un estudi del topònim Osor, una mostra dels estudis onomàstics de les comarques gironines, un estudi de genèrics introductors dels topònims de l'estudi, una classificació semàntica dels termes recollits i diversos mapes de situació. Evidentment, s'hi presenta l'etimologia seguida, unes conclusions finals i una àmplia bibliografia a més de dos annexos, un dels llinatges d'Osor en el decurs de la història i un altre amb els malnoms recollits per entrevista oral o documentació antiga. / This doctoral thesis of a toponymic collecton of de past and present of the Osor area, in the distric know as La Selva (Guilleries). Approximately 3600 names have been collected orally or through ancient documents, about whitch a study of the location, related documents, spelling and an etymologic hypothesis have been done. Furthermore, a geographic description of the area covered in the thesis has benn done, as well as a study of the toponym Osor, examples of the studies of names used in the various districts of the Girona province and a semantic classification of fthe terms collected. Obviously, the methodology used, some final conclusions and a wide bibliography are included, as well as two annexes, one of the lineages of Osor throughout the course oy history and another with the nicknames collected through oral intervieww or ancient documents.

Univ. u.d.T.: Antonio Maria Castaño Fernández: Contribución a la toponimia de Extremadura: la serena--Cáceres, 1997.

BATISTA, Patrícia de Oliveira. A toponímia cearense em documentos do século XIX. 2011. 144f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Letras Vernáculas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza (CE), 2011. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-11-12T11:15:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_pobatista.pdf: 1280426 bytes, checksum: 1616e1dd2ba7fa6a910eca6f9aa0da9e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-11-12T14:01:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_pobatista.pdf: 1280426 bytes, checksum: 1616e1dd2ba7fa6a910eca6f9aa0da9e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-12T14:01:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_pobatista.pdf: 1280426 bytes, checksum: 1616e1dd2ba7fa6a910eca6f9aa0da9e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Toponymy is the science of proper names of places. Toponymic studies have proved great importance for the rescue of cultural, ideological and linguistic features of groups of humans who lived or live in a given place, as well as for the recovery of the physical aspects of the place itself. Based on these considerations, the aim os this study was to describe the toponymic motivation of 54 place names out of the 67 ones recorded in the records of complaint edited by Ximenes (2006) and to describe the toponomastic profile of Ceará from nineteenth century to the present days, in order to identify possible toponomastic changes occurring over time. The theoretical fundaments and methodological procedures that guided this research was based on the contributions of Dick (1992), who described a taxonomic toponymic model featuring 27 taxes, out of which 11 are physical natured and 16 are of antropocultural nature. Data were recorded in lexical-toponymic cards which is the model proposed by Dick (2004). It was found that 53% of the toponyms are of antropocultural nature and 47% are of physical nature. From literature and documental research, it was possible to reconstruct important aspects of history, geography, culture and linguistics of Ceará through the analysis of its place names. / A Toponímia é a ciência que estuda os nomes próprios de lugares. Os estudos toponímicos têm se revelado de grande importância para o resgate de características culturais, ideológicas e linguísticas dos grupos humanos que habitaram ou habitam um dado lugar, bem como para a recuperação de aspectos físicos do próprio lugar. Com base nessas considerações, o objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a motivação toponímica de 54 nomes de lugares que aparecem registrados nos 67 autos de querela editados por Ximenes (2006) e traçar o perfil toponomástico do Ceará oitocentista até os dias atuais, a fim de identificar as possíveis mudanças toponomásticas ocorridas ao longo do tempo. Os fundamentos teóricos e os procedimentos metodológicos que nortearam esta pesquisa tiveram como base as contribuições de Dick (1992), que descreveu um modelo taxionômico toponímico, o qual apresenta 27 taxes, sendo 11 de natureza física e 16 de natureza antropocultural. Os dados foram registrados em fichas lexicográfico-toponímicas que constituem o modelo proposto por Dick (2004). Verificou-se que 53% dos topônimos são de natureza antropocultural e 47% são de natureza física. A partir de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, foi possível reconstituir importantes aspectos históricos, geográficos, culturais e linguísticos do Ceará por meio da análise de seus topônimos.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A toponímia, no Brasil, tem se mostrado um campo rico de pesquisa dentro dos estudos onomásticos, visto seus objetivos ultrapassarem o ato de nominar, reconstituir valores sóciohistóricos, culturais e linguísticos, e revelar episódios de momentos distintos da vivência da comunidade. O estudo acerca da Toponímia de Comunidades Indígenas do Município de Pacaraima partiu da hipótese de que os topônimos em Língua Portuguesa trazem na subjacência, no mínimo, um topônimo em língua indígena que se revela pelo estudo da etimologia e dos estratos linguísticos. A dissertação analisou traços histórico-culturais, linguísticos e etimológicos dos nomes de comunidades indígenas e procurou entender o que levou um povo a batizá-la com determinado topônimo, o que foi importante para essa denominação e se a comunidade recebera topônimos anteriores, assim como entender o que pode ter ocasionado a substituição de um topônimo por outro. O corpus constituiu-se de 27 acidentes humanos, comunidades indígenas de Pacaraima, na Terra Indígena São Marcos e na Terra Indígena Raposa Serra do Sol. O trabalho foi norteado, principalmente, pelos parâmetros teóricos metodológicos de Dick (1990, 1992, 2000). A dissertação mostrou que a motivação toponímica volta-se principalmente para a fauna, a flora e a cultura da região, por exemplo Guariba, Bananal e Maruai, respectivamente. Enquanto a investigação da etimologia dos sintagmas toponímicos apresentou, como determinante, a fórmula simples, SN(N), Surumu, embora apareçam algumas complexas do tipo [SN (SN + Posp (+ Cóp)], wararapise (TR), organizou os topônimos em quatro grupos, considerando os seus elementos formadores: a) Topônimos em LP com correspondente em LI, b) Topônimos em LP sem correspondente em LI, c) Topônimos em LI com correspondente na LP e d) Topônimos em LI que sofreram aportuguesamento. Nesse quadro, a maior ocorrência está no item a da classificação e a menor no item b. O estudo evidenciou, na classificação taxionômica, os zootopônimos, os fitotopônimos e os ergotopônimos. Finalmente, ratificou o alcance das narrativas orais na reconstituição da memória e da história das comunidades, da mesma forma que comprovou a presença de línguas subjacentes aos atuais topônimos em Português.