Dissection and rearing studies of second-year cones disclosed six species of insects associated with the seeds and cones of singleleaf pinyon pine. Those most commonly encountered were: Dioryctria sp. probably albovittella Hulst, Conophthorus monophyllae Hopkins and Pineus coloradensis Gillette. The three remaining species were of lesser importance. These included the gall midge, Asynapta sp., a minor cone pest and two parasites, one of C. monophyllae, Acerocephala atroviolacea Crawford and an unidentified parasite of Dioryctria, of the family Ichneumonidae. D. sp. probably albovittella was regarded as the major insect destroying cones and seeds of P. monophylla in this study. During the 1976 growing season it attained a maximum level of 29 percent infestation. C. monophyllae occurred less frequently in this study, but probably has a higher potential for destruction in years of poor cone crops or high cone beetle populations. P. coloradensis caused negligible damage to seeds and cones, but was encountered frequently. Early in the growing season it infested a maximum of 38 percent of the cones.

When exposed to them, isocyanates can induce serious injuries in the respiratory tract and irritation on the skin and in the eyes. They are therefore interesting from the point of view of occupational health. The purpose of this thesis was to collect isocyanates in air with impinger-filter samplers and solvent free samplers. Furthermore the isocyanates were to be analyzed with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The solvent free sampler consists of a polypropylene tube and filter holder fitted with glass fiber filters impregnated with derivatization reagent, coupled with a pump. The impinger-filter sampler was made out of an impinger flask, containing a derivatization solution, coupled in series with a filter holder and a pump. Di-n-butylamine was used as derivatization reagent in both samplers to stabilize the reactive isocyanates and to enable mass spectrometric detection. The solvent free sampler is highly advantageous because of its user friendliness during field measurements, as opposed to the impinger-filter method. An exposure chamber, equipped with two interior fans to ensure good circulation, was used to generate an atmosphere containing isocyanates. Analyzing the isocyanate-DBA derivates with LC-MS/MS worked very well and the method made it possible to detect isocyanate levels below 1 ng/mL. During quantification of isocyanates a standard curve with concentrations from 1 to 1000 ng/mL was used. Detection of isocyanate levels as low as one fifth of the limit value of some isocyanates was found to be possible, which would indicate that the methods are sensitive. Even though the solvent free sampler worked, the impinger-filter sampler was found to be more effective in collecting isocyanates. The coefficient of variation calculated from concentrations of isocyanates from the solvent free sampler varied between 0-35 %. The reason for this might be due to the fact that an optimized extraction method had not been tried out within the time limit of this project. Questions, identified during this thesis work, need to be answered before being able to obtain reliable results from field measurements with the solvent free sampler.

Studien behandlar möjligheten att konstruera en kemiskupplösbar eller nedbrytbarsytråd. Tanken är att sytråden ska underlätta separation av olika material, genom ett mer tidseffektiv sprättningssystem. Valt namn i denna studie för denna funktion är kemisksprättning. Genom litteraturstudier har kunskaper om; processer som våtspinning, stapelgarnsspinning, konstruktionskriterier för sytrådar, egenskaper för kitosanfibrer, katalysering med enzym och upplösning genom protolys hämtats. Praktiska labbförsök för torr- våtspinning av kitosan utförs. De spunna fibrerna karakteriserades genom dragprovning och termogravimetrisk analys. Upplösning av den spunna fibern utförs i en låg koncentrerad ättiksyralösning. Resultaten från de praktiska försöken visar att de spunna kitosanfibrerna inte uppfyllde de krav på mekaniska egenskaperna som ställs på sytrådar. Däremot kunde en snabb upplösning av fiberna i ättiksyra noteras. Enligt den studerade litteraturen går det att uppnå de mekaniska egenskaper som krävs för att spinna sytråd från kitosan. Däremot är det inte möjligt att erhålla lika hög brottstyrka som en universalsytråd. / Program: Textilingenjörsutbildningen

Arbetet undersökte hur hotfull betraktaren uppfattade en varelse utifrån olika grader av våta alternativt torra ytegenskaper, genom enbart visuell perception. Arbetet inleds med en genomgång av tidigare forskning kring visuell perception, ytors relationer till fruktan samt hotfullhet i form och färg. Definitioner för begreppen ”Yta” och ”våt- och torrhet” skapades även, med vetenskapliga belägg. Artefakten som skapades för arbetet bestod av 10 stycken 2D-bilder, indelade i två bildserier med olika färgmättnad. Bilderna föreställde en och samma varelse som skapades med olika grader av våt- och torrhet på dess yta. En kvantitativ webbenkät användes för att undersöka respondenterna upplevda hotfullhet hos de olika bilderna. Resultatet visade att respondenterna upplevde bilderna som mer hotfulla ju våtare de blev, men ökningen i hotfullhet var marginell, andra faktorer verkade spela större roll i hur hotfull varelsen upplevdes.