The purpose of this study was to assess maternal attitudes toward daylight-saving time within three stages of the family life cycle. General maternal attitudes were also assessed toward daylight-saving time. other variables such as size of family, sex of children, education of mother, occupation of father, and age of mother Here used to determine if there was any association between these variables and attitudes of mothers toward daylight-saving time. A Likert-type scale capable of measuring maternal attitudes toward daylight-saving time was developed for this study. A checklist of 41 items was also developed to determine or identify reasons why mothers either like or dislike daylight-saving time. The sample consisted of 60 mothers selected in a random fashion from those who had children enrolled in the Child Development Laboratory School at Utah State University. The findings indicated that attitudes of mothers were significantly different between Stages 3 and 4. Mothers in Stage 3 liked daylight-saving time and mothers in Stage 4 disliked daylight-saving time. There was a significant difference in general maternal attitudes; small families liked daylight-saving time, large families disliked daylight-saving time. In Stage 4, the size of family made no difference as these mothers had negative attitudes. Attitudes of mothers differed significantly between families who had a small or large number of boys, with negative attitudes when there was a large number of boys, and no difference as to number of girls. There was a significant difference between professional and skilled occupation of husband. Positive attitudes prevailed if husband was a professional; negative if husband had skilled work. Reasons as to causation of the findings were also discussed.

The purpose of this study was to determine the attitudes of youth toward each of their individual grandparents. The subjects were students ranging in age from 12-19 years with the majority being between 14-17 years of age. These students were enrolled in a release time religious class that allowed them one hour a day off campus to take a seminary course. The sample of data consisted of 148 girls and 108 boys, which was approximately 25% of the high school population. The youth were from a small northern Utah community. The average age of the youth respondents was 16.2 years. This group of youth came from intact families with 90.1% who lived in a family where father and mother were together. The questionnaire consisted of 35 questions of which 16 questions were used to develop an attitude scale used to answer 10 research questions. Younger adolescents (age 12-14 years) had a better attitude toward grandparents than older adolescents (age 17-19 years). Evidence supported previous literature that male youth were emotionally closer than females to their grandfathers. However, no significance was found to support previous literature that female youth are closer to grandmothers. Overall, adolescents reported feeling emotionally closer to maternal grandparents. The favored grandparent was the maternal grandmother. Paternal grandfathers with a higher education level were looked upon more favorably by the youth. Youth attitudes toward maternal grandfathers were significantly less positive when the grandfathers were described as often sick and activity slowed by sickness or age. When the youth responded favorably towards one grandparent, the spouse of the grandparent was also given a favorable response. The youth seemed to have a positive overall attitude towards grandparents; however, when it comes to being disciplined by their grandparents, most youth expressed uncertainty to the question, "Should my grandparents discipline me?" The social science computer package (SPSS) was used to analyze the data and reach the above mentioned conclusions.

The purposes of this study were to: 1) examine and contrast hospital administrator attitudes and manufacturing company president (or manager) attitudes in relation to the possibility of having more Utah employers establish organized day care facilities on sites of employment, and 2) determine which factors of employee composition and available facilities and services affect employer attitudes towards day care involvement. Information from the questionnaire developed for the study was statistically analyzed by the Pearson r correlation coefficient and one-way analysis of variance. Many factors proved to be statistically significant. Overall, it was found that hospitals were more interested in day care involvement for their employees; children than were manufacturing companies. Large agencies with many female professional, supervisory, and skilled employees tended to be most interested in employer-sponsored day care. The existing presence of facilities and services that could be used for a day care center helped increase employer willingness to become involved in sponsoring day care for their employees' children. In general, employers were not sure that employer-sponsored day care would result in significant benefits either to their agency or to the parents. However, the interest of employers in day care involvement increased as they perceived greater employer and parental benefits as a result. It is recommended that benefits from employer-sponsored day care be further documented for use in educating employers. Further, it is recommended that the attitudes of school district superintendents and other employers with large numbers of female professional employees be analyzed in relation to employer-sponsored day care.

Prior research has suggested age related changes in attitudes toward love. The present study was completed to extend this assumption to high school and college educated samples and across stage of life. Both samples included a proportionate number of males to females . A new instrument (measuring a Conjugal Love Factor, Romantic Power Factor and a Romantic Idealism Factor) was generated for use in this study. In addition the Knox Love Attitude Inventory (1970), the Rubin Love Scale (1970) and a short form of Rotter's I-E Scale (Vlecha and Ostrom, 1974) were also administered to each sample. Results indicated that the high school sample held more romantic attitudes and fluctuated in their attitudes toward love over the various stages of life more than the college sample. Fluctuation for the high school sample, on most instruments involved a significant digression in romantic attitudes when children were being reared in the home and a sharp rise in romantic conceptions when children were no longer in the home (curvilinear relationship). Conjugal attitudes for the high school group followed a linear progression. The high school educated sample began low in conjugal attitudes but progressed across the stages to a more conjugal conception of love . Locus of control was also found to affect the way in which one viewed love, particularly in adolescence. Internal adolescents were significantly less romantic than external adolescents. Surprisingly sex differences were not found to consistently affect love attitudes.

A media studies survey was conducted among university graduate students to study immigrants' attitudes toward advertising under various acculturation conditions. A total of 358 valid responses were collected. The study supported our hypothesis that immigrants have more positive attitudes than Americans do and it also showed that the level of positiveness varies according to different acculturation status. The study also found a larger third-person effect for immigrants than for Americans.

Internet commerce has risen steadily for over a decade. During this period, innovations have occurred to make using the Internet easier and more engaging as a consumer online shopping experience. An innovation with increasing availability is the three-dimensional (3D) representation of an area where the user has an agent, called an "avatar," to navigate in a computer-generated environment. As technical options become available to view standard web pages through this innovation, virtual reality envionments may change the overall look of a website and may potentially change the way a consumer perceives a website and shape the consumer's purchase intent. In this study, an experimental design was used in which student subjects were asked to view a set of products derived from a search of a retail webpage. Some subjects saw the webpage in a normal two-dimensional (2D) format, while others were shown the same page through a program called ExitReality that converts 2D webpages into 3D environments. Tests were first done to compare the results of some common constructs, as found in the Marketing literature on websites, between 2D and 3D online retail shopping to identify the differences in a set of variables. Second, the variables were combined into a path model to compare between 3 groups: A group trained in 2D and untrained in 3D who shopped in a 2D environment; a group trained in 3D who shopped in a 2D environment; and a group trained in 3D who shopped in a 3D environment. The perceptions used in the study centered on Attitude toward the Site (AST) and constructs that were related to AST in various other studies. The path model was defined through the use of partial least squares (PLS) path modeling techniques, based on previous research, to align the use of the new 3D environments with existing theory. One key potential consequence considered was the purchase intent as compared to the three groups studied. This study is important for two major reasons. First, it is an important step toward understanding the possible effects from presenting consumer online retail shopping experiences that more feasibly imitate physical-world shopping experiences. As technology advances and virtual spaces become easier to create, companies may be able to apply the lessons learned through this study to better understand the potential benefits of converting online retail websites into 3D virtual spaces. Second, this study fits into the research conducted to improve the understanding of how website-related constructs work. For example, the extant literature has shown some contention regarding the best measurement AST and whether AST has an impact on purchase intent. This study provides useful evidence in that debate.

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