Although formative assessment is fundamental to educational theory and practices, it is a widely misunderstood term for most educators. This qualitative study defines formative assessment as short-cycle assessments in which teachers adapt their instruction to meet the learners‟ immediate needs. This study focused on the transformation of teachers‟ practices and their perspectives of the critical pedagogical principles necessary to enact The Keeping Learning on Track Program® (KLT™) in their classrooms and in teacher learning communities. The participants in this study included 21 formally trained KLT teachers at the St. Johnsbury School. Over a one year period, I observed in classrooms, attended all KLT teacher learning community (TLC) sessions, collected field notes, attended KLT trainings and presentations, and conducted individual and focus group interviews. The primary area of transformation included: the regulation of learning, beliefs and attitudes, accountability, shared leadership, systemic supports, motivation, classroom culture, and teacher practices.

Titule: The attitude of track and field athletes to the recovery in the sport Student: Bc. Kristina Volfová Supervisor: PhDr. Aleš Kaplan, Ph.D. Aims: determining the attitudes of athletes to proper lifestyle and recovery in the sport and comparison of recovery methods in terms of their use. Another objective was the possibility of comparing the obtained results by gender and regional representation by means of a questionnaire survey. Methodology: to meet the aims of this work were used method of questioning when n = 160 track and field athletes of different gender and selected countries around the world completed standard questionnaire on the web portal google. In the evaluation of the results I focused on two major areas - lifestyle athletes and their view on recovery and used recovery methods. Results: work is divided into a theoretical part dealing with the analysis of the basic concepts and contexts topic work, and the practical part. The theoretical part of the paper draws on the available scientific literature related to the topic of work. Next second part is the practical part, where the results of the survey were presented. Research has shown that the most used recovery procedures are an active method of jogging and massage. The use of hot and cold treatments is diverse from a regional point of...

Title: Comparison of selected parameters when skiing and snowboarding. Objectives: The aim of this work is to compare pulse rate and functioning speed while skiing and snowboarding in the slalom track. Methods: Statistical indicators used to calculate BMI (body mass index), pulse rate measuring using the Polar brand sport tester, the stopwatches to time the functioning speed, statistical methods to calculate the arithmetic average. Results: According to the results the hypothesis H1 was confirmed, so the functioning speed while skiing will be shorter than while snowboarding in the slalom track. In second hypothesis H2, the fact that the volume of strain while snowboarding is higher than while skiing in the slalom track did not confirm. Key Words: skiing, snowboarding, pulse rate, speed, slalom track

Name: Basic training of the future track and field competitors Target of this work is analysis performance development of tested group of children and young athletes after experience basic athletic preparation lasting one year. Another target was finding out a difference of size performance growth between boys and girls in each class. Testing was applicae on a group of athletes in age 12 - 15, 6.-9. class. Tested children went through enter measuring, following kontroll measuring and finally measuring. They took a part in many competetions, which results I recorded and made conclusion. The enter measuring was made in september 2013, finally measuring one year later in september 2014.. All results was calculated, compared and evaluated. In my work I explored importance of performance increase about boys and girls in each classes after one year.. I compared also a differences in development of children with different weekly training frequency. It was confirmed, that children, practising more than threetimes a week, will reach earlier performance growth and better results. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

This thesis is about risk management in fast-track construction projects. The aim of the study is to identify the risks in the UAE construction industry, understand how they are dealt with, and propose more effective frameworks for risk management in fast-track construction. A mixed method approach was used to fulfil the objectives of the study. 65 questionnaires were distributed to professionals in the construction industry, including contractors, sub-contractors, project managers and private consultants. Their responses were analysed using statistical techniques, and the results taken for discussion to a focus group of eleven experienced construction managers and experts. Secondary data was also collected via literature reviews of print and website articles, and of books and documents from company, government and industry-specific databases. The findings show that risks in construction projects can be internal or external, and that in the UAE, owner- and design-related risks are seen as the most significant. Knowledge about risk management is present, but more needs to be done to eradicate the problems associated with poorly managed fast-track construction projects. Using the suggestion of the focus group, a framework for risk mitigation was developed based on the Alien Eyes’ risk and Qualitative Risk Management models. The study discusses the implications of risk management for practitioners and academicians in the construction industry. Poor risk management, which is usually the consequence of inadequate recognition of and/or responsiveness to risks and uncertainties, can have a devastating impact upon projects. It is hoped that practitioners applying the findings and suggestions in this study will see positive change, improved profitability and greater competitive advantage as a result.

Master of Science / Department of Architectural Engineering and Construction Science / Bill Zhang / Vibration has been a consideration in many types of structures, and as the advancement of technology has allowed steel and concrete sections to become lighter, vibration has become more of a consideration in the design of structures. This report focuses on occupant induced vibration of steel framed floors due to running as the vibration source. The history of vibration analysis and criteria in structures is discussed. However, lack of research and experimentation on running as the source of vibration exists; therefore, the history section focuses on walking as the source of vibration. The current design criteria for vibration of steel framed floors in the United States of America is the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) Design Guide 11: Vibrations of Steel Framed Structural Systems Due to Human Activity. This design guide discusses vibration due to walking, running, and rhythmic activities as well as gives design criteria for sensitive occupancies and sensitive equipment. In order to apply the Design Guide 11 analysis procedure for running as the source of vibration, the Kansas State University Chester E. Peters Recreation Complex is used as a case study. The recreation complex includes a 1/5-mile running track that is supported by a composite steel framed floor. Based on the Design Guide 11 criterion, the running track is deemed acceptable. Lastly, this report discusses remedial procedures in the case of annoying floor vibration specific to floors that have running as a source of vibration. In addition, areas of further research are suggested where running is a source of vibration on steel framed floors.

This work evaluates the cycling transport, which is environmentally friendly. Then shows how transport harms the environment and feasible solutions of this problem. The theoretical part describes basic types of cycle lines, their division and marking, advantages of cycling and main priorities of the National strategy of developement of cycling transport. The practical part is about the support of cycling in Pardubice's region. There are mentioned the region's main activities, way of financing of building cycle lines, future planned projects and confrontation of car transport, urban mass trasportation and by bicycle on choice ways. There are describe diferent types of kickstands and a proposal for new parking place next to railway station in Pardubice.

Title: The effect of stretching on performance of youth athletes in track and field Objectives: The difference of views on stretching as part of sports training is great, so this work aims to prove or disprove its effect on performance. The work should contribute to the awareness of domestic athletic trainers and the results will be applied practically. This work also aims to demonstrate whether the rate of shortened muscles affects the pupil's speed and endurance performance. The work is also interested in whether a strictly adhered stretching plan will reduce the amount of shortened muscles. Method: The thesis is conceived as an experimental study. The study was attended by 30 probands who were divided into two groups. To evaluate the results, a standardized test of shortened muscles according to Janda is used, as well as a run measured by hand-held stems for 2x40 and 600 meters. Result: There are great differences in the youth age between individuals with the almost same age and do the same sport. There are individuals who do not have shortened muscles, but those who have shortened almost every muscle group. The rate of shortened muscle does not affect pupil performance in athletics. Performance on the sprinter and endurance track was deteriorated or even improved, regardless of whether there...

Det här examensarbetet genomfördes sommaren 2017 på Autoliv Test Center i Vårgårda. Autoliv är världens ledande leverantör av säkerhetsutrustning och utvecklare av säkerhetssystem för fordonsindustrin. Autoliv genomför även krockprovning för kunder som vill genomföra tester av deras bilar före produktion. Vid krockprovning accelereras testfordonet av en krockprovningstrolley som kopplar samman fordonet med en vajer vilket drivs genom ett hydrauliskt framdrivningssystem. Trolleyn är en stålkonstruktion som är placerad i krockspåret vilket griper fast i stålvajern med ett klämsystem. Krockprovningsindustrin är i ständig utveckling med nya säkerhetssystem, hårdare regler och tuffare krav från myndigheter och fordonssäkerhetsorganisationer. Ett nyligen introducerat test kallat NHTSA Oblique 90km/h hade svårt att genomföras på grund av att klämmekanismen slirat vid genomförandet. Målet med examensarbetet har varit att ta fram en ny krockprovningstrolley som fungerar när den genomför NHTSA Oblique 90km/h. Arbetet har varit inriktat på att designa en trolley som fungerar under nuvarande förhållanden utan att göra inverkningar på krockbanan eller framdrivningssystemet. Fyra koncept har designats i 3D, utvärderas i en konceptmatris, diskuterats med erfaren personal och ett koncept valdes ut för fortsatt utveckling. Effekterna av den nya designen på komponenter har undersökts och justeringar genomfördes. En FEM-analys gjordes på det vinnande konceptet för att bedöma hållfastheten på trolleyn samt potentialen för viktoptimering. Resultat var en ny trolleyplatta, 20 cm längre och 10mm tunnare. Den ursprungliga plattans vikt bevarades och designen rekommenderades av personal på ATC. Trolleyn diskuterades och ytterligare rekommendationer gavs. / This thesis was performed in the summer of 2017 at Autoliv Test Center in Vårgårda. Autoliv is the world’s leading automotive safety supplier and developer of safety equipment for the vehicle industry. Autoliv also performs crash testing for customers wanting their concept cars tested before production. In crash testing, the vehicle is accelerated by a crash track trolley that connects the vehicle to a steel wire driven with a hydraulic propulsion system. The trolley is a steel construction positioned inside the crash track gripping the wire with a clamping mechanism. The crash testing industry is in constant development due to new safety systems, harder regulations and tougher requirements from governments and vehicle safety organizations. A recently introduced crash test called the NHTSA Oblique 90km/h had issues being performed due to slip between the clamping system and steel wire. The goal of this thesis has been to develop a new crash track trolley that does not malfunction during crash testing. The work has been aimed at designing a trolley that functions at current conditions without implications on the crash track or propulsion system. Four concepts have been designed in 3D, evaluated in a concept matrix, discussed with senior staff and one concept was chosen for further development. The effects of the new design on components have been investigated and adjustments were made. A FEM-analysis was done on the winning concept to look into the physical integrity of the new trolley as well as the potentials in weight optimization. The result was a new trolley plate, elongated by 20 cm and thinned by 10 mm. The same plate weight was preserved and the trolley design was recommended by senior staff at ATC. The trolley was discussed and further recommendations were given.

Das kolorektale Karzinom zählt zu den häufigsten Malignomen der westlichen Welt. Bei Männern ist es der dritt-, bei Frauen der zweithäufigste zum Tode führende, bösartige Tumor. Aufgrund verbesserter Vorsorgeuntersuchungen werden die Tumore in immer früheren Stadien entdeckt. Dadurch können mehr Patienten unter kurativem Ansatz therapiert werden, was auch dazu führt, dass immer mehr Patienten mit der Erkrankung und den Auswirkungen der Therapie leben müssen. Nicht nur für das Wohlbefinden der Patienten, sondern auch unter wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Gesichtspunkten ist es wichtig, Komplikationen zu vermeiden, den postoperativen Aufenthalt so kurz wie möglich zu gestalten und die Rekonvaleszenz zu beschleunigen. In den letzten Jahrzehnten ist es gelungen, Morbidität und Mortalität durch Maßnahmen wie strikte Einhaltung der Sterilität, verbesserte chirurgische Techniken, antibiotische Kurzzeitprophylaxe und präoperative Darmvorbereitung drastisch zu senken. Die Darmvorbereitung allerdings wird in letzter Zeit in zahlreichen Studien kontrovers diskutiert, nicht nur wegen der Nebenwirkungen, sondern auch, da einige Autoren in ihr eine Quelle für postoperative Komplikationen wie Wundheilungsstörungen, Infekte und Anastomoseninsuffizienzen sehen. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, Nutzen und Risiken der präoperativen Darmvorbereitung kritisch zu bewerten. Zusätzlich wurden die aufgetretenen Komplikationen erfasst und deren Einfluss auf die Rekonvaleszenz betrachtet. Außerdem wurde ein besonderes Augenmerk auf die Lebensqualität und die Zufriedenheit der Patienten gelegt. Insgesamt wurden dafür die Daten von 100 Patienten erfasst, die sich zwischen April 2005 und Mai 2007 im Zentrum für Operative Medizin der Universität Würzburg einer elektiven onkologischen Darmresektion unterziehen mussten. Als Grundlage für die Datenerhebung dienten, neben mehrfachen persönlichen Gesprächen, die chirurgischen Krankenakten, Prämedikations- und Narkoseprotokolle sowie Operations- und Pflegeberichte, Pathologiebefunde, Arztbriefe und das Kliniknetzwerk der Universitätsklinik Würzburg (SAP). Außerdem wurden noch mehrere von den Patienten ausgefüllte Fragebögen erfasst und alle gesammelten Daten statistisch ausgewertet. Es wurden 67 Männer und 33 Frauen im Alter zwischen 40 und 86 Jahren operiert. Etwa die Hälfte der Patienten wurde vor dem Eingriff darmvorbereitet. Auffällig war, dass vor allem Patienten mit vielen Komorbiditäten keine präoperative Darmvorbereitung erhielten, wohl um diese den damit verbundenen Nebenwirkungen nicht auszusetzen. Obwohl die Patienten ohne Darmvorbereitung einen schlechteren ASA-Status hatten, traten bei Ihnen insgesamt weniger Komplikationen auf. Auch der Krankenhausaufenthalt war in dieser Gruppe kürzer. Am Häufigsten wurden tiefe anteriore Rektumresektionen durchgeführt, gefolgt von rechts- und linksseitigen Hemikolektomien sowie Sigmaresektionen. Etwa zwei Drittel der Patienten wurden ausschließlich mit einer primären Anastomose versorgt, 21 Patienten erhielten zusätzlich ein protektives, elf ein endständiges Stoma. Histopathologisch befanden sich die Kolonkarzinome meist im UICC-Stadium 3, die Rektumkarzinome im UICC-Stadium 2. Die häufigsten Komplikationen in der postoperativen Phase waren Erbrechen, Darmatonien und Wundheilungsstörungen. Insgesamt sieben Anastomoseninsuffizienzen wurden beobachtet, vorwiegend nach rektalen Eingriffen. Bei 19 Patienten wurde eine Revisionsoperation notwendig. Präoperativ wurde die Lebensqualität vor allem vom Allgemeinzustand, dem Krankheitsstadium und neoadjuvanten Radiochemotherapien beeinflusst. Meist sank die Lebensqualität und Zufriedenheit postoperativ, was abhängig war von der Art der Operation, Komplikationen und besonders davon, ob ein Kontinenzerhalt möglich war. Etwa ein Fünftel der Patienten berichtete allerdings auch über eine Besserung. Die Erkenntnisse dieser Arbeit lassen, auch unter Berücksichtigung aktueller Literatur, den Schluss zu, dass die Darmvorbereitung in den meisten Fällen verzichtbar ist. Die Rekonvaleszenz nach kolorektalen Operationen wird von zahlreichen Faktoren beeinflusst. Sie zu beschleunigen, Komplikationen zu minimieren und kürzere Krankenhausverweildauern zu realisieren, sind Ziele multimodaler Konzepte wie das der Fast-Track-Chirurgie. Die diesbezüglich insgesamt positive Studienlage wird allerdings dadurch relativiert, dass bisher vorwiegend relativ „gesunde“ Patienten Gegenstand der Untersuchungen waren. Rektumkarzinom-Patienten, bei denen im Allgemeinen viele Komplikationen auftreten, wurden in bisherigen Studien ausgenommen. Um besser auf die Bedürfnisse der Patienten eingehen zu können, ist es wichtig zu wissen, wie Erkrankung und Therapie die Lebensqualität beeinflussen. Auch diesbezüglich ist die Datenlage insgesamt unbefriedigend, so dass weitere Studien unabdingbar erscheinen. / The aim of this prospective study was to examine if colorectal surgery can be performed safely without preoperative mechanical bowel preparation. The patients also were monitored in the postoperative period to identify factors that influence convalescence, quality of life and patient satisfaction.