This study is based on the learning theory, focus on TV shopping company¡¦s customer service representatives, it purposes to discuss the influence of individual feature variables to e-learning website usage opinions, and explores the correlation between e-learning website usage opinions and the learning effect. The conclusions of this study are presented as follows: 1.E-learning still can not take place function of the traditional training, but it¡¦s still very possible. 2.The strengths of E-learning are the flexibility of learning time and the control of self-learning schedule. 3.The e-learning needs of sales teams are much more than the administration staffs. 4.The level of student participate is higher, the evaluation of E-learning¡¦s effect is more valuable. 5.There is no significant correlation between e-learning effect and performance in this study. The conclusions above are significant to the human resource management in the following aspects. 1.E-learning is suitable to knowledge intensive industry, it provides more flexible learning styles to self-motivated employees. 2.Effects of training courses are still non-replaceable, the purpose of promoting the e-learning should be providing more channels of learning to improve employee¡¦s professional knowledge and the level of working skill. 3.During the e-learning promotion process, company should build the performance indicators for a suitable evaluation of learning effects.

剛到臺灣的新移民，首先會碰到的即是生育保健的相關事宜，包括健康檢查、登入基本資料等；而懷孕後，期間的孕期保健、產檢等都需要至衛生所或健康服務中心諮詢與檢查；待嬰兒出生後，有關新生兒的預防注射、產後的照顧或副食品的添加等，亦需要專業與完善的生育保健措施與資源。然而公衛護士或醫生在接觸的過程中，語言不通常常是最大的阻礙。另外，隨著新移民與外籍人士的增加，法院、檢調單位或是第一線的警察單位碰到所涉及之涉外案件，言語間的傳遞亦非常重要，因司法所涉及攸關當事人權利重大，司法案件所生之法律效力更是差之毫釐失之千里，故對於雙方間的意思表示清楚，才不會造成誤解以致憾事發生。據此，外籍配偶生育保健通譯人員與司法通譯人員所扮演的角色就非常關鍵，而也因此兩類所涉及較為專業，故需要較為專業的訓練，本研究即在分析此二類通譯人員的訓練成效。 分析之模型參考Kirkpatrick的四階層評估模型、Brinkerhoff六個階段評鑑模式，以及國內TTQS對於訓練機構評核指標項目標準。據此模型，利用深度訪談生育保健與司法的訓練機構以及外籍配偶通譯人員，分析通譯人員之學習與其學習移轉後行為的效果以及訓練機構對於訓練需求掌握、設計、實施和監控的回饋機制，最後將兩項評估的結果綜合分析，導出訓練成效。 深度訪談對象分為訓練機構與通譯人員，生育保健之訓練機構因統一由衛生局開辦訓練，故訪談對象為承辦台北市衛生局訓練有十年之久的賽珍珠基金會，通譯人員則包含有在衛生所與間康服務中心服務的新移民；司法訓練單位則分別訪談公部門與民間單位，公部門為高等法院，民間訓練機構為南洋台灣姐妹會，另外，通譯人員為目前有在地方法院擔任特約通譯的新移民。 分析結果本研究認為，生育保健通譯人員訓練成效上，稍微不足，在工作的回饋上可以掌握通譯人員的需求，然而因疏忽訓練上的回饋機制，故在訓練設計上可能無法有效解決學習上的困境；司法通譯人員則分別就法院與民間機構的培訓作訓練成效的評估，法院的訓練成效不顯著，因缺乏對於訓練實施上學習與行為的監控，導致無法有效的掌握訓練需求，而因訓練的設計係由法規範所訂，亦無法有效的再設計課程以符合通譯人員的期待。民間機構的整體的訓練成效則較顯著，在課程上透過活躍的分組情境模擬演練，以及定期的工作會議，重新設計更符合通譯人員需求與期待的課程。另外，透過訪談的整理，本研究發現影響訓練成效的因素有三，分別是個人、老師以及費用。 最後，本研究建議訓練單位之課程應分為職前初階課程與在職進階課程，而課程專業名詞的部分，應與各國的在台辦事處確認無誤後，將常見的專有名詞放入課程中。對於訓練的回饋機制應需掌握，並且輔以受服務之新移民的滿意度調查，才能有效監控訓練成效。另外，外籍配偶通譯人員有其重要性與專業性，盼政府相關單位尊重通譯人員，對於費用與課程應更提升。如此，才能營造良好的溝通環境，培養以及留住通譯人才。 / New immigrants will encounter issues related to reproduction health and judicature when they are married to Taiwan, the language barrier is often the biggest obstacle. For it relates to the interests of new immigrant, foreign spouse interpreters play a critical role. However, a lot professional knowledge is involved in these two fields, so the foreign spouse interpreters need more professional training. And this study is trying to evaluate the effect of their training. This study takes Four Level Evaluation Model by Kirkpatrick, Brinkerhoff Model by Brinkerhoff as well as Taiwan TTQS as reference evaluation model. According to this model, using in-depth interviews with training institutions and foreign spouse interpreters, Analyses the interpreter's learning process, behavior after learning and also the training institute’s feedback mechanisms regarding to understanding, design, execution and monitor of training needs. Finally, the two results of a comprehensive analysis derived an evaluation on the training effect. The results of this study conclude that reproduction health interpreters’ training effect is slightly insufficient, because of lack of the training feedback. And judicial interpreters are divided to Court and private training institution. Training effect of the Court is not significant, because of the lack of training implement monitoring, including learning and behavior. In contrast, the private training institution helps students learn through situational simulation exercises in the curriculum, regular staff meetings are set as well to redesign more in line with the needs and expectations interpreter courses, so the training effect is significant. Finally, this study suggest that：1. Training institutions should be divided into elementary courses and advanced courses; 2. Training institutions should confirm common proper nouns with other countries office in Taiwan; 3. Training institutions should master training feedback and supplemented by new immigrants service satisfaction survey, in order to effectively monitor the effect of training; 4. Respect for the professionalism of the foreign spouse interpreter by improving the pay and courses, for it is the only way to create a good communication environment and retain talent interpreters.

Introduktion: Hastighetsbaserad styrketräning är en metod där rörelsehastighet används för att styra träning, samt monitorera träningsintensitet och volym. Metoden har vuxit fram som ett komplement till traditionellt procentbaserad styrketräning. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att undersöka effekterna mellan olika metoder av hastighetsbaserad styrketräning och dess förhållande till traditionell procentbaserad styrketräning. Metod: En strukturerad litteratursökning genomfördes i de vetenskapliga databaserna PubMed och SPORTDiscus med de primära sökorden; velocity-based training, percentage based training och training effect. En ytterligare sökning genomfördes i referenslistorna bland de artiklar som uppfyllde inklusionskriterierna. Resultat: Litteraturstudien visade att hastighetsbaserad styrketräning medförde liknande styrkeökningar som traditionell procentbaserad styrketräning. Hastighetsbaserad styrketräning medförde större ökningar i hopphöjd jämfört med traditionell procentbaserad styrketräning. Ingen av interventionerna medförde träningseffekter på sprintförmåga. Konklusion: Hastighetsbaserad styrketräning verkar vara lika effektivt för att utveckla maximal styrka men effektivare för att utveckla hoppförmåga jämfört med traditionellt procentbaserad styrketräning. Hastighetsbaserad styrketräning med lägre procentuell hastighetsförlust verkar vara fördelaktigt för att utveckla hoppförmåga medan högre procentuell hastighetsförlust verkar vara fördelaktigt för att utveckla muskelhypertrofi. / Introduction: Velocity based training refers to a method where movement velocity is used to regulate strength training and monitor training intensity and volume. In addition, velocity based training could be considered as a complementary method to traditional percentage based training. Purpose: The aim of the literature review was to investigate the effects of different velocity based training methods and their relationship to traditional percentage based training. Method: A structured literature search was conducted in the scientific databases PubMed and SPORTDiscus with the following search terms; velocity-based training, percentage based training and training effect. A further search was conducted in the reference list among articles that met the inclusion criteria. Results: The literature review shows that velocity based training leads to similar gains in maximal strength as traditional percentage based training. However, velocity based training leads to greater gains in jump height compared to traditional percentage based training. Sprint ability showed no clear outcome following any of the interventions. Conclusion: Velocity based training seems to be just as efficient in developing maximal strength but more efficient in developing explosive strength such as jump height compared to traditional percentage based training. In addition, velocity based training with lower velocity loss thresholds may be more beneficial to improve jump height, whilst higher velocity loss threshold may be more beneficial to develop muscle hypertrophy.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:17:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maxleila Reis Martins Santos.pdf: 1885351 bytes, checksum: 5715fa020e379673d040080126c52d38 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Intraverbal is a verbal operant in which a verbal stimulus is the occasion for a particular verbal response - with no point-to-point correspondence to the verbal stimulus that evoked it - to be emitted, and that response is maintained by a generalized reinforcement stimulus. Translation is a special case of intraverbal behavior, in which stimuli are in one language and responses are in another. When two languages are acquired independently there may be little intraverbal connections between them. The aim of this work was to investigate (a) the production of intraverbal behavior involving pairs of words in Portuguese-English and English-Portuguese, (b) how the establishment of these pairs would influence the acquisition of new intraverbal behavior with similar characteristics to those already produced, and (c) whether the training that promotes the acquisition of an intraverbal - for example, stimulus-word-in-Portuguese and response-word-in-English - would suffice to produce the emergence of another corresponding intraverbal in the opposite direction. Eleven participants, whose native language was Portuguese and with little or no knowledge of English, concluded the study. In a trial-and-error procedure, each participant realized a task in the computer which consisted of typing the translation for a word shown in the center of the screen. If the stimulus-word was in English, a response in Portuguese was demanded, and vice-versa. When the stimulus-word was shown, the participant could ask for hints (pressing tab or enter), and it was up to him/her to end the attempt once he/she considered it finished, at which moment a message would indicate a hit or miss. Typing errors at each letter were shown as well. In each experimental stage, the same set of words was presented in random order, half of them being in Portuguese and half in English. Once the set of words was finished, it was re-presented until the participant met the criterion for completion of that stage. This procedure involved 4 experimental phases: on Phase 1 a set of 20 words was presented; on Phase 2 the direction of the training was inverted - words presented in English on Phase 1 were presented in Portuguese and vice-versa. On Phase 3, a new set of 10 words was presented, and Phase 4 consisted of the inversion of that set. Results indicate that more training was necessary in order to obtain some precision in the establishment of intraverbal relations in which the stimulus-word was in the participants' native language and the response-word was in foreign language, at least when words are presented in written dimension and responses are demanded in the same dimension. Results also indicate that reversibility cannot be expected, since in many cases the training in one direction did not suffice for the intraverbal relationship to remain intact when what was previously a response-word became a stimulus-word and vice-versa. Results show, however, that intraverbal training which presents stimulus-words in one language and demands as a response the emission of a word in another language has some effect over the participants' performance when the inverse intraverbal, or even new intraverbals with other pairs of words, are demanded. However, this effect may be quite different, depending on the initial direction of the training - initial training based on stimulus-words in the native language and response-words in the foreign language though apparently more difficult at first, made the emission of the intraverbal chain more probable when those words were inverted. The role of diverse behavioral histories (familiarity) with words in one language and previous knowledge of the second language, as well as characteruistics of individual words and of sub-set of words are discussed as relevant variables in determining performance / Intraverbal é um operante verbal no qual o estímulo verbal é a ocasião para que determinada resposta verbal particular - sem correspondência ponto-a-ponto com o estímulo verbal que a evocou - seja emitida e essa resposta é mantida por um estímulo reforçador generalizado. A tradução é um caso especial de comportamento intraverbal, no qual os estímulos estão em uma língua e as respostas em outra. Quando duas línguas são adquiridas independentemente pode haver poucas conexões intraverbais entre elas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi investigar (a) a produção de operantes intraverbais envolvendo pares de palavras em português-inglês e inglês-português, (b) como o estabelecimento desses pares participaria na aquisição de novos intraverbais com características semelhantes aos já produzidos, e (c) se o treino que promove a aquisição de um intraverbal por exemplo, palavra-estímulo-em-português e palavra-resposta-em-inglês seria suficiente para produzir a emergência de outro intraverbal correspondente na direção inversa. Onze participantes, cuja língua materna foi o português e com pouco ou nenhum conhecimento de inglês concluíram a pesquisa. Em um procedimento por tentativas, o participante realizava uma tarefa no computador que consistia em digitar a tradução de uma palavra apresentada no centro da tela. Se a palavra-estímulo estivesse em inglês se exigia resposta em português e vice-versa. Diante da palavra na tela, o participante podia solicitar dicas (pressionando tab ou enter) e a ele cabia encerrar a tentativa quando terminava a digitação, quando uma mensagem indicava acerto ou erro. Erros de digitação a cada letra eram indicados também. Em cada fase experimental, o mesmo conjunto de palavras era apresentado em ordem aleatória, sendo que metade das palavras era apresentada em português e metade em inglês. Encerrado o bloco (ou conjunto de palavras), este era re-apresentado até que o participante atingisse o critério de encerramento da fase. O procedimento envolveu 4 fases experimentais: na Fase 1, um conjunto de 20 palavras foi apresentado. Na Fase 2, inverteu-se a direção do treino: palavras apresentadas em inglês na Fase 1 passaram a ser apresentadas em português e vice-versa. Na Fase 3, novo conjunto de 10 palavras foi apresentado e na Fase 4 se fez a inversão desse conjunto. Os resultados indicam que foi necessário mais treino para se obter precisão no estabelecimento de relações intraverbais em que a palavra-estímulo estava na língua materna e a palavra-resposta na língua estrangeira, pelo menos quando as palavras são apresentadas na dimensão escrita e se exige respostas nesta mesma dimensão. Os resultados indicam também que não se pode esperar reversibilidade: que o treino em uma direção não foi suficiente para que a relação intraverbal se apresentasse intacta quando o que era palavra-resposta se tornava palavra-estímulo e vice-versa, em muitos casos. Os resultados mostram, no entanto, que o treino intraverbal em que palavras-estímulo são apresentadas em uma língua e se exige como resposta a emissão de uma palavra em outra língua tem algum efeito sobre o desempenho do participante quando se exige desempenho inverso, ou mesmo quando se exige intraverbais que envolvem outros pares de palavras. Contudo, tal efeito é bastante diferente a depender da direção de treino inicial: o treino inicial palavra-estímulo na língua materna e palavra-resposta na língua estrangeira, ainda que aparentemente mais custoso inicialmente, tornou mais provável a emissão da cadeia intraverbal quando se inverteram as palavras. Discute-se o papel das diferentes histórias comportamentais (a familiaridade) com palavras em uma língua, o conhecimento da segunda língua e características das palavras como variáveis relevantes na determinação do desempenho

Výměnná anizotropie je zajímavý fyzikální jev vznikající na rozhraní antiferomagnetických (AF) a feromagnetických (FM) materiálů, který již je široce používán v elektronickém průmyslu a magnetickém záznamu. Přestože byl tento jev dlouhou dobu intenzivně studován, jeho přesný mechanizmus zatím nebyl uspokojivě vysvětlen. V této práci je představen přehled studií dokumentujících výměnnou anizotropii v tenkých dvojvrstvách, včetně experimentálních výsledků a teoretických modelů. Experimentální úkoly této diplomové práce zahrnovaly jak výrobu, tak měření různých modelových systémů vykazujících výměnnou anizotropii. Dvojvrstva Fe/FeRh, kde vrstva FeRh prochází fázovou přeměnou z AF fáze na FM fázi při 360 K, poskytuje možnost nastavení parametrů výměnné anizotropie. Dále byly zkoumány účinky výměnné anizotropie a tvarové anizotropie v mikrostrukturách Fe/FeRh. Konečně, přítomnost výměnné anizotropie byla zkoumána mezi FM a AF fází koexistujícími během fázové přeměny v nanodrátech FeRh. Vzorky byly vyrobeny pomocí magnetronového naprašování a elektronové litografie. Všechny prezentované systémy byly analyzovány pomocí magnetooptické Kerrovy mikroskopie. Výměnná anizotropie byla úspěšně nalezena v systému Fe/FeRh, přičemž její velikost byla téměř identická co do rozsahu i orientace s výsledky v literatuře, přestože námi vyrobená dvojvrstva měla horší kvalitu FM-AF rozhraní. Bylo také prokázáno, že v tomto systému existuje tzv. tréninkový efekt (Training effect), což je výrazným důkazem existence výměnné anizotropie. U nanodrátů bylo změřena významná výměnná anizotropie mezi koexistujícími fázemi FM a AF během fázové přeměny.