The first study (Chapter 3) examined the reliability and validity of the modified Children's Leisure Activities Study Survey (CLASS) questionnaire in assessing physical activity and sedentary behavior of the Hong Kong Chinese children. The modified Chinese questionnaire (CLASS-C) consisted of a checklist of 31 physical activities and 13 sedentary pursuits. The test-retest reliability of the questionnaire was examined in 84 boys and 136 girls aged 9 to 14 years by the comparison of data from the two survey administrations carried out one week apart. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were analyzed to determine consistency in results. A sub-sample of 139 children completed the 7-day accelerometer protocol. The validity of the questionnaire was determined by comparing data from the second administration with the accelerometer estimates of moderate- and/or vigorous-intensity physical activity. Bland-Altman plots were performed to further examine the agreement of the two methods. Acceptable reliability was found in self-reported time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (ICC = 0.71, 95%CI: 0.61-0.77) and in the sedentary behaviors (ICC = 0.69, 95%CI: 0.59-0.77). Self-reported estimate in daily MVPA was moderately correlated with minutes assessed by the accelerometer (girls: r = 0.48, P<0.05; boys: r = 0.27, P>0.05). Bland-Altman plots showed that self-reports of vigorous physical activity were higher than those assessed by the accelerometer. / The second study (Chapter 4) developed an instrument based on the social ecological model to evaluate the socio-environmental correlates of the children's physical activity and sedentary behavior. The instrument consisted of segments that incorporated reports from both the children and their parents. Children were asked about intrapersonal factors and perceived environments at home and in the neighborhood. Corresponding parents reported demographic information (age, education, occupation, income, and weight status), their physical activity and sedentary behavior habits, the control on their child's sedentary behavior, and perception of physical environment in the neighborhood. The questionnaires were administrated in a group of 160 primary schoolchildren aged 10 to 14 years and their parents on two occasions with 8 to 10 days apart. The test-retest reliability of each individual item was determined using percent agreement and kappa statistics for the categorical variables and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for the continuous variables. The overall missing rates were 2.5% to 5.6% for children- and parent-reported items. The ICC values for continuous variables in children-reported individual and familial factors ranged from 0.66 to 0.79. For self-reported categorical variables, kappa values ranged from 0.27 to 0.76, and an percent agreement statistics were greater than 80%. Meanwhile, reliability statistics for parent-reported home and environment variables showed acceptable consistency with most of the ICC values greater than 0.70. / The third study (Chapter 5) aimed to investigate the physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns among a sample of 1013 primary 4-6 schoolchildren using the CLASS-C questionnaire. The individual, social and physical environmental correlates of the activity behaviors were investigated through a sub-sample of 303 children, whose habitual activity was objectively assessed by ActiGraph accelerometer, in addition to subjective measures by the CLASS-C questionnaire. The multiple correlates of activity behavior for the children in the sub-sample group were assessed using the environmental correlates questionnaire which was developed in Study II. Cluster analyses were used to group children with similar activity patterns. Hierarchical regression analyses were performed to assess the associations of the multiple variables with activity behaviors. Approximately half of the children did not reach the recommended physical activity level and one fifth of them engaged in excessive TV viewing of 2 hr every day. Cluster analysis identifies 5 clusters of children who shared similar patterns of physical activity and sedentary behaviors. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that participation in school sports team and having higher self-efficacy was positively associated with self-reports in MVPA in boys after controlling age, body mass index (BMI), and parental education. Girls who reported participation in school sports team and perceived the availability of more sports facilities at home self-reported more time spent in MVPA after controlling socio-demographic variables. Perception of parental support on physical activity was positively correlated with accelerometer-assessed MVPA among girls, while it was inversely associated with sedentary behaviors in boys. Residence density was positively associated with boys' sedentary behaviors, while girls whose parents reported more safety concerns on neighborhood environment were more likely to be sedentary. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) / Huang, Ya Jun. / Adviser: Stephen H. S. Wong. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-06, Section: A, page: 1972. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 149-175). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

Orientador: Alaide Pellegrini Mammana / Coorientador: Afonso Antonio Machado / Banca: Altair Moioli / Banca: Marcelo Callegari Zanetti / Banca: Carlos Jose Martins / Banca: Gisele Maria Schwartz / Resumo: O objetivo mais geral desta tese foi se organizando em contrapor questões econômicas importantes sobre as IES privadas, inclusive questões de sustentabilidade, quando projetadas às receitas e lucros para diversas escalas de matrículas, com questões de avaliação e qualidade de cursos. Portanto perseguia a hipótese de que cursos de graduação em Educação Física a distância, poderia não obter bons níveis de qualidade, se os polos de encontros presenciais, não estivessem bem aparelhados para as aulas práticas. Mesmo que milhares de pessoas atualmente já se utilizem da internet como meio de obter conhecimento, o ensino a distância - EaD, é muito recente e seu alcance ainda não pode ser bem estabelecido. A evolução desta modalidade de ensino só foi possível pelo avanço de tecnológias no campo da internet. Esta modalidade de ensino tem se demostrado muito atrativa as instituições e pessoas. A expansão desta modalidade nas graduações já impactam as instituições de ensino superior IES no Brasil. Considerando ser uma expansão muito recente, falta estabelecer aprofundamento de conhecimento e pesquisas em todos os campos que permeiam o EaD nas IES. Esta tese, neste vasto campo do EaD, irá aprofundar a pesquisa sob o ponto de vista pedagógico e da infraestruta afim de compreender os impactos econômicos na qualidade do ensino e particularmente nas IES que oferessem graduação de Educação Física à distância / Abstract: The more general aim of this thesis was organizing in countering important economic issues on private HEIs, including sustainability issues, when projected revenue and profits for various scales of enrollments, with valuation issues and quality of courses. So pursuing the hypothesis that undergraduate courses in Physical Education from a distance, could not get good levels of quality, if the pole-face meetings were not well equipped to practical classes. Thousands of people today are already using internet as a means for acquiring knowledge. Distance learning is very recent and its scope cannot be well established. The evolution of this type of education was only possible due to the advancement of technologies related to internet. This type of education has proven to be very attractive for institutions and people. The perceived expansion of distance graduations is already impacting institutions of higher education but since this is a recent expansion, there needs to be a more complex study and research in all fields related to distance learning. This thesis aimed at researching infrastructure and pedagogical aspects in the distance learning area, and understanding the impact of economical results in higher education institutions that offer undergrad distance learning courses in Physical Education / Doutor

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between children's enjoyment and perceived competence in physical education (PE) and the effects these factors may have on physical activity participation outside of school. Fifth through eighth grade (n = 100) school children completed questionnaires pertaining to their enjoyment in PE, perceived competence in PE, and physical activity participation outside of school. Results indicated a positive significant relationship between enjoyment in PE, and perceived competence in PE (p<0.01). Children with higher perceptions of competence in school PE, reported greater physical activity participation outside of the school environment (p<0.002). Enjoyment in PE had no statistical significance in determining physical activity participation outside of school (p>0.05). Understanding the factors which influence physical activity participation can help inform future policies and strategies aimed at providing developmentally appropriate experiences, ultimately providing intrinsic motivation to seek out, and sustain, regular physical activity strategies aimed at providing developmentally appropriate experiences, ultimately providing intrinsic motivation to seek out, and sustain, regular physical activity participation. / by Keith Brazendale. / Vita. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2013. / Includes bibliography. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / System requirements: Adobe Reader.

This study was conducted to investigate the processes underlying the relation between executive functioning and false belief knowledge. We explored the hypothesis that children with advanced executive functioning skills are better equipped to capitalize on the experiences that are necessary to learn how to reason about others’ mental states. To examine this possibility, we recruited 3.5-year-old children with age-appropriate variability in executive functioning skills to participate in a training study designed to promote their performance on false belief tasks. We found that individual differences in executive functioning task scores strongly and consistently predicted the extent to which children benefited from false-belief training. Importantly, the relation between executive functioning and false belief improvement remained significant after controlling for age, initial performance on mental state reasoning tasks, language skills, and executive functioning improvement across the testing period. Thus, our results support the hypothesis that executive functioning skills influence the extent to which children are able to capitalize on relevant experience to better predict and understand others’ false-belief-based behaviour. This claim is discussed with respect to possible alternative explanations for our findings, and ensuing implications for understanding the interplay between neuromaturational factors and experience. / Thesis (Master, Psychology) -- Queen's University, 2007-09-28 14:43:16.88

In order for children to successfully make the transition from school to everyday life, it is important that they are self-determined. People who are self-determined are autonomous, self-realizing, psychologically empowered and self-regulated (Appendix A). Self-determination involves making choices and decisions with minimal influence from others. Choice making is a component element of autonomous functioning and was the focus for this research project. This study looked at the choices students make pertaining to physical activities. Students in regular and special education schools were compared to determine the extent of self-determination involved with their choices. Twenty students participated from a regular school and 18 from a school for students with intellectual disabilities (ages 7 to 19 years). / In the first part of the study, students were asked to identify which activity they preferred, from various pairs of physical activities presented via pictures. This was performed three times. From student responses, activities were ranked from most to least preferred for each child. The second part of the study consisted of a semi-structured interview that focused on the four categories of self-determination. Student responses were compared with Wehmeyer's model on self-determination (1998) to assess their level of self-determination. Findings suggest that the students with intellectual disabilities were not as consistent in their choices of physical activities compared to their peers without disabilities. As well, the degree of self-determination, according to Wehmeyer's model differed for the two groups.

No abstract supplied. / Thesis (M.Ed.) - University of Durban-Westville, 1985.

The study investigates how participation in sport can enhance a learner’s self-esteem. There are other significant factors such as the academic performance, peer acceptance, support from school and parental support, which may contribute to increasing the self-esteem of a learner. However, sport has been chosen as the point of focus in this study. The theories underpinning the study are Self-determination Theory (SDT), Cognitive Evaluation Theory (CET) and Achievement Goal Theory. SDT distinguishes between intrinsic motivation which refers to engaging in something for the pleasure and satisfaction and extrinsic motivation refers to engaging in an activity for some kind of reward external to the activity itself. CET suggests that people must experience both satisfaction for both competence and autonomy in order to maintain intrinsic motivation. Extrinsic rewards like material rewards undermine intrinsic motivation. Achievement Goal Theory proposes two goal orientations, that is, task orientations and ego orientations. Task oriented individuals seek personal improvement and task mastery whereas ego oriented individuals seek to outperform others. Therefore task orientation is self-referenced whereas ego orientation is externally referenced. This was a qualitative single case study research design informed by an interpretive paradigm. It is about people’s subjective experiences and how they understand and interpret the world around them. The idea was that the researcher wanted to discover the unique experiences of participants regarding sport participation and to find out what inspire them. Focus group interviews, semi-structured interviews as well as observations were used as data collection procedures. The school that was selected for this study is a school situated in the urban area in Pinetown. Six learners involved in sports were chosen to participate in a focus group session which aimed to gather information on their experiences about sports. Leaners who participated were selected from Grade 10, 11 and 12. The sports coordinator who is also a physical education teacher was requested to take part in the semi-structured interview. The intention of the session was to collect data on her views about leaners’ experiences and whether the support related to sports given by the school to the learners has benefits that could enhance learners’ self-esteem. Although the school offers a variety of sports and encourages everyone to participate, there are still learners who are not involved in sports for various reasons. This non-participation needs to be addressed as it is important for adolescents to have high self-esteem in order to lead normal lives. Therefore the government and the school need to work together to ensure that all learners take part in sport. Parents also have a role to play in ensuring that their children participate in sport. Data analysis based on the responses of the participants revealed that learners engaged in sport and have a higher self-esteem than those who do not participate. Moreover, learners participating in sports have positive relationships with their teachers, parents and peers. The results of the study indicated that there is, indeed, a positive relationship between sport participation and self-esteem. This study was therefore seen as beneficial in motivating leaners and parents to motivate their children to partake in sports at school level. / Thesis (M.Ed.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2013.

Orientador: Luiz Alberto Lorenzetto / Resumo: Aliando-se estudos que têm focalizado atenção nas representações que professores de educação física possuem a respeito dos corpos dos seus alunos àqueles que têm diagnosticado certo descontentamento dos alunos frente à prática pedagógica/corporal dos seus professores, a questão da corporeidade parece evidenciar-se primordial para a práxis da educação física escolar. Pois, ser corpo, é estar no mundo sensível e inteligentemente através de um diálogo de aprendizagem, no sentido de vivenciar atitudes e encontrar corpos mais enriquecidos vital e emocionalmente. É saber olhar expressões e desejos deste corpo e do corpo ao lado. Assim, objetivou-se investigar o processo de construção do sentido de corporeidade do professor de educação física do ensino médio público estadual em relação à sua atuação profissional. Participaram deste estudo, cinco professores, selecionados aleatoriamente, pertencentes à região de Rio Claro/SP; sendo três mulheres e dois homens, com idade variando entre 27 e 53 anos. Todos eram licenciados e formaram-se em faculdades ou universidades do Estado de São Paulo no final das décadas de 70 e 90. Como procedimento metodológico, para interpretar as entrevistas semi-estruturadas realizadas com aqueles, optou-se pela análise de discurso. Subsidiando a interpretação das entrevistas, seis aulas foram observadas, de modo participativo ou não, de cada um dos professores. Em linhas gerais, a análise de discurso nos direciona à uma leitura ampliada de mundo, assumindo-se também sua incompletude; procurando assim, mais que interpretar o significado, compreender o processo discursivo do sujeito historicamente constituído. Após análise dos resultados obtidos, foi possível inferir que a forma como os professores entrevistados entendem e traduzem a visão de corpo e consequente corporeidade, influencia na maneira como ministram suas aulas de educação física, no delineamento dos conteúdos... / Abstract: Comparing studies that have been focusing attention on representations that physical education teachers have about their students body to ones that have identified a kind of students unhappiness to pedagogical/body practice of their teachers, the "corporeidade" question seems to show up as special to school physical education praxis. Because, to be a body is to be in a sensible world in an intelligent way through a learning dialogue, in a sense of living attitudes and finding bodies richer in vital and emotional sense. It is to know how to look at expressions and desires of the body and the body beside. Thus, it was purpose to investigate the process of construction of body sense of physical education teacher of public high school in relation to his profession. Participated of this study, five teachers, anybody's guess selected, from Rio Claro/SP City, being three women and two men, aged between 27 to 53 years old. All of them were licensed and they had studied on São Paulo State on 70's and 90's. As a methodological proceeding, to interpret the semi-structured interview done with them it was opted for the speech analyses. Subsidizing the interpretation of interviews, six classes were observed, in a participate way and not, of each teacher. In a general way, the speech analyses give us a direction to an amplified view of the world, assuming its incompleteness; trying to interpret the meaning, comprehend the discursive process of subject historically constituted. After analyses of results, it was possible to infer that the way as teachers interviewed understand and translate the body vision and consequently the "corporeidade", has an influence in the way they teach their physical education classes in outlining of contends and purposes and in their posture to their students; constituting a process marked by the kinds of body experience that they have had in their personal and professional trajectory of life / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-20T17:09:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-20T17:27:23Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000198511.pdf: 488329 bytes, checksum: bf74e8ad4161d86cd590371e1f926eea (MD5) / Aliando-se estudos que têm focalizado atenção nas representações que professores de educação física possuem a respeito dos corpos dos seus alunos àqueles que têm diagnosticado certo descontentamento dos alunos frente à prática pedagógica/corporal dos seus professores, a questão da corporeidade parece evidenciar-se primordial para a práxis da educação física escolar. Pois, ser corpo, é estar no mundo sensível e inteligentemente através de um diálogo de aprendizagem, no sentido de vivenciar atitudes e encontrar corpos mais enriquecidos vital e emocionalmente. É saber olhar expressões e desejos deste corpo e do corpo ao lado. Assim, objetivou-se investigar o processo de construção do sentido de corporeidade do professor de educação física do ensino médio público estadual em relação à sua atuação profissional. Participaram deste estudo, cinco professores, selecionados aleatoriamente, pertencentes à região de Rio Claro/SP; sendo três mulheres e dois homens, com idade variando entre 27 e 53 anos. Todos eram licenciados e formaram-se em faculdades ou universidades do Estado de São Paulo no final das décadas de 70 e 90. Como procedimento metodológico, para interpretar as entrevistas semi-estruturadas realizadas com aqueles, optou-se pela análise de discurso. Subsidiando a interpretação das entrevistas, seis aulas foram observadas, de modo participativo ou não, de cada um dos professores. Em linhas gerais, a análise de discurso nos direciona à uma leitura ampliada de mundo, assumindo-se também sua incompletude; procurando assim, mais que interpretar o significado, compreender o processo discursivo do sujeito historicamente constituído. Após análise dos resultados obtidos, foi possível inferir que a forma como os professores entrevistados entendem e traduzem a visão de corpo e consequente corporeidade, influencia na maneira como ministram suas aulas de educação física, no delineamento dos conteúdos... / Comparing studies that have been focusing attention on representations that physical education teachers have about their students body to ones that have identified a kind of students unhappiness to pedagogical/body practice of their teachers, the corporeidade question seems to show up as special to school physical education praxis. Because, to be a body is to be in a sensible world in an intelligent way through a learning dialogue, in a sense of living attitudes and finding bodies richer in vital and emotional sense. It is to know how to look at expressions and desires of the body and the body beside. Thus, it was purpose to investigate the process of construction of body sense of physical education teacher of public high school in relation to his profession. Participated of this study, five teachers, anybody's guess selected, from Rio Claro/SP City, being three women and two men, aged between 27 to 53 years old. All of them were licensed and they had studied on São Paulo State on 70's and 90's. As a methodological proceeding, to interpret the semi-structured interview done with them it was opted for the speech analyses. Subsidizing the interpretation of interviews, six classes were observed, in a participate way and not, of each teacher. In a general way, the speech analyses give us a direction to an amplified view of the world, assuming its incompleteness; trying to interpret the meaning, comprehend the discursive process of subject historically constituted. After analyses of results, it was possible to infer that the way as teachers interviewed understand and translate the body vision and consequently the corporeidade, has an influence in the way they teach their physical education classes in outlining of contends and purposes and in their posture to their students; constituting a process marked by the kinds of body experience that they have had in their personal and professional trajectory of life

Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-10T11:09:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-05-27Bitstream added on 2014-11-10T11:58:28Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000789021.pdf: 4154626 bytes, checksum: 1351eb7d17db8faa4ff659784b02a2e8 (MD5) / O objetivo mais geral desta tese foi se organizando em contrapor questões econômicas importantes sobre as IES privadas, inclusive questões de sustentabilidade, quando projetadas às receitas e lucros para diversas escalas de matrículas, com questões de avaliação e qualidade de cursos. Portanto perseguia a hipótese de que cursos de graduação em Educação Física a distância, poderia não obter bons níveis de qualidade, se os polos de encontros presenciais, não estivessem bem aparelhados para as aulas práticas. Mesmo que milhares de pessoas atualmente já se utilizem da internet como meio de obter conhecimento, o ensino a distância – EaD, é muito recente e seu alcance ainda não pode ser bem estabelecido. A evolução desta modalidade de ensino só foi possível pelo avanço de tecnológias no campo da internet. Esta modalidade de ensino tem se demostrado muito atrativa as instituições e pessoas. A expansão desta modalidade nas graduações já impactam as instituições de ensino superior IES no Brasil. Considerando ser uma expansão muito recente, falta estabelecer aprofundamento de conhecimento e pesquisas em todos os campos que permeiam o EaD nas IES. Esta tese, neste vasto campo do EaD, irá aprofundar a pesquisa sob o ponto de vista pedagógico e da infraestruta afim de compreender os impactos econômicos na qualidade do ensino e particularmente nas IES que oferessem graduação de Educação Física à distância / The more general aim of this thesis was organizing in countering important economic issues on private HEIs, including sustainability issues, when projected revenue and profits for various scales of enrollments, with valuation issues and quality of courses. So pursuing the hypothesis that undergraduate courses in Physical Education from a distance, could not get good levels of quality, if the pole-face meetings were not well equipped to practical classes. Thousands of people today are already using internet as a means for acquiring knowledge. Distance learning is very recent and its scope cannot be well established. The evolution of this type of education was only possible due to the advancement of technologies related to internet. This type of education has proven to be very attractive for institutions and people. The perceived expansion of distance graduations is already impacting institutions of higher education but since this is a recent expansion, there needs to be a more complex study and research in all fields related to distance learning. This thesis aimed at researching infrastructure and pedagogical aspects in the distance learning area, and understanding the impact of economical results in higher education institutions that offer undergrad distance learning courses in Physical Education