Environmental stress has shown to affect both the exposed individuals and the development of their offspring. Generally, it is thought that the stressed organism responds to stress by trying to adapt to it. This thesis investigates possible evolutionary consequences of cross-generational transmissions of stress, where the parent has been stressed but the offspring has not. In two studies we have exposed chicken parents of different breeds to an unpredictable circadian light rhythm, to investigate the influence of genetic background on the transmission of behaviour and patterns of genome-wide gene expression across generations. In Paper I, we can show that the domesticated chicken, by means of epigenetic factors, transmit their behaviours as well as their gene expression profiles to their offspring to a higher extent than their wild ancestor, the red junglefowl. Furthermore, in Paper II, even though the offspring never experienced the stress or had any contact with their stressed parents, they seemed to have adapted to it, which suggests that the parents might have prepared (or pre-adapted) them for living in the unpredictable environment. Additionally, eggs of stressed hens showed increased levels of estradiol that might have affected gene expression of specific immune genes, which were up-regulated in the offspring of stressed parents. It is possible that the traditional distinction between stress responses and evolutionary adaptation may be reevaluated, since our results indicate that they could be parts of the same evolutionary event.

No description available.

Inter-ethnic and intra-ethnic violent conflict created a divide in Cyprus (1950-1974) that still exists to this day. This study explores specifically an effect of violent conflict – Missing Persons – and the ‘process of exhumations,’ which is defined as; the recovery of Missing Persons, identification, and reunification of the Missing with loved ones as a key component of peacebuilding via inter-ethnic reconciliation and restorative justice. This process is important for peacebuilding because it empowers individuals, communities, and nation-states to satisfy basic human psycho-social needs in order to deal with the trauma of past violence, to recognize loss, and to seek closure of uncertainty to prevent the transgenerational transmission of trauma and escalation of violence between and within ethnic societies. By interviewing eight experts on the Cypriot conflict about what the ‘process of exhumations’ does in Cyprus, revealed the challenges and successes that may arise during and after the process for sustainable peace. / February 2016

Valdanha, E. D. (2013). Anorexia nervosa e transmissão psíquica transgeracional: Histórias de vida de pacientes, mães e avós. Dissertação de Mestrado, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo. Os transtornos alimentares (TAs) configuram graves perturbações no comportamento alimentar, que são tema de destaque na literatura científica nacional e internacional. Um dos tipos de TA que mais tem despertado o interesse de leigos e da comunidade científica é a anorexia nervosa (AN), caracterizada por uma recusa da pessoa acometida em manter o peso mínimo adequado para a saúde, além de temor intenso de ganhar peso e distorção significativa da imagem corporal. Estudos mostram que as relações familiares podem atuar como agentes mediadores no surgimento e manutenção da AN, especialmente a configuração vincular mãefilha. Considerando-se que esse vínculo é essencial para o desenvolvimento emocional e que a transmissão psíquica é um operador da dinâmica dos relacionamentos familiares, o presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a transmissão psíquica em três gerações de famílias que tinham um de seus membros acometidos pela AN, buscando identificar os conteúdos transmitidos transgeracionalmente e suas possíveis relações com o desenvolvimento da AN. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa. Participaram da pesquisa seis famílias, compostas por pacientes diagnosticados com AN, suas respectivas mães e avós maternas. Os pacientes eram vinculados ao Grupo de Assistência em Transtornos Alimentares - GRATA do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMRP-USP). Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados roteiros de entrevista semiestruturada. As entrevistas foram audiogravadas, mediante consentimento dos participantes, e transcritas na íntegra. O material foi submetido à análise de conteúdo temática, o que permitiu extrair as unidades de significado, que emergiram após leitura exaustiva dos relatos. Os dados foram interpretados com apoio do referencial teórico psicanalítico, mais especificamente da transmissão psíquica transgeracional. Foram construídas categorias temáticas relacionadas aos temas: \"fatos marcantes da infância\", \"fatos marcantes de adolescência\", \"relacionamento com os pais\", \"desenvolvimento afetivo-sexual e as relações amorosas\", \"religiosidade\", \"relação mãe-filha(o)\", \"as vivências do corpo e a alimentação\", \"os cuidados maternos percebidos e transmitidos\", \"transmissão da feminilidade\" e \"anorexia nervosa\". Foram identificados padrões distorcidos nos modos como as mães exercem os cuidados maternos, marcados por conflitos e ambivalência afetiva. Os resultados sugerem que vinculações familiares distorcidas são transmitidas como herança psíquica, caracterizando transmissão transgeracional. Essa ausência de elaboração de conteúdos psíquicos, que são transmitidos sucessivamente de geração a geração sem sofrerem transformações, pode ser um importante mediador na gênese e manutenção do transtorno do comportamento alimentar, na medida em que fortalece a perpetuação de vínculos problemáticos, que criam obstruções no processo de amadurecimento emocional da filha. Espera-se que os resultados possam auxiliar os profissionais de saúde a se sensibilizarem para as questões familiares que incidem sobre a AN, contribuindo para o aperfeiçoamento de estratégias (interventivas e preventivas) de cuidado emocional que incluam a família como unidade de tratamento. / Valdanha, E.D. (2013). Anorexia nervosa and transgenerational psychic transmission: Life histories of patients, mothers and grandmothers (Master\'s degree), Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo. Eating disorders (ED) constitute serious disturbances in eating behavior, which are prominent issue in national and international scientific literature. An ED that has mostly attracted the interest of either non-academic or academic community is anorexia nervosa (AN), characterized by a refusal to maintain the minimum weight adequate for health, intense fear of gaining weight and significant distortion of body image. Studies show that familial relations can act as mediating agents in the emergence and maintenance of AN, especially the motherchild relation. Considering this bond as essential to emotional development, and that psychic transmission is an operator of the dynamics within familial relations, the goal of this study was to investigate the psychic transmission in three generations of families which had one member affected by AN, aiming to identify the contents transmitted transgenerationally and their possible relations to the development of AN. This is a descriptive and exploratory study with a qualitative approach. Participants were six families, consisted of patients diagnosed with AN along with their mothers and grandmothers. Patients were assisted by the Group of Assistance on Eating Disorders (GRATA), from the Clinics Hospital of Ribeirão Preto´s School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (HC-FMRP -USP).The instrument used for data collection were semi-structured interview scripts. Interviews were audio recorded, with participants´ consent, and transcribed in full. The material was subjected to thematic content analysis, which enabled to extract the categories of analysis, which emerged after a thorough reading of the transcribed interviews. The data were interpreted with the support of psychoanalysis theoretical framework, more specifically by psychic transgenerational transmission. Thematic categories were raised related to the following topics: \"milestones of childhood\", \"milestones of adolescence\", \"parental relationship\", \"affective-sexual development and love relationships\", \"religiosity\", \"mother-child relationship\", \"experiences of the body and nutrition\", \"perceived and transmitted maternal care\", \" transmission of femininity\" and \"anorexia nervosa\". Distorted patterns were identified in the ways mothers exert maternal care, marked by conflicts and affective ambivalence. Results suggest that distorted family bonds are transmitted as psychic inheritance, featuring transgenerational transmission. This lack of elaboration of psychic contents, which are successively transmitted from generation to generation without transformations, may be an important mediator in the genesis and maintenance of eating disorder, since it strengthens the perpetuation of problematical bonds which create obstructions in child´s process of emotional maturation. It is expected that the results may support health professionals to raise awareness for familial issues that exert influence on AN, contributing to the improvement of assistance strategies (interventional and preventive) for emotional care which includes the family as the unit of treatment.

La dépendance à l’héroïne pose des problèmes graves, vu sa propagation parmi les jeunes et son lien avec l’autodestruction, la transgression et la délinquance. Depuis des années, les perspectives psychanalytiques et systémiques, malgré leurs différences conceptuelles, se rejoignent sur l’importance des facteurs familiaux chez les jeunes qui développent des conduites de dépendance à une substance, notamment l’héroïne. La dépendance à l’héroïne semble comporter une prévalence de familles dysfonctionnelles avec des mandats familiaux destructurants, des carences ou des excès dans les fonctions maternelles, des défaillances majeures des fonctions paternelles, ainsi que des conflits familiaux et parentaux, dont les causes dépassent le présent et trouvent leurs racines dans des transmissions transgénérationnelles. Les comportements de dépendance perçus sous l’angle du générationnel et du transgénérationnel n’ont pas été étudiés dans l’expérience libanaise. Il nous semble que les jeunes libanais dépendants à l’héroïne tentent de résoudre, à travers des prises de drogue, une dépendance qui les relie à un passé envahissant et reflète par leur dépendance des histoires familiales, non résolues, qui se répètent d'une génération à une autre. De ce fait, discerner les problématiques de la dépendance à l’héroïne au Liban, étudier le rôle central des relations précoces que vivent les héroïnomanes et mettre en évidence les caractéristiques transgénérationnelles du génogramme familial, peuvent fournir des pistes importantes dans le discernement des pathologies de l’addiction et permettent aussi de mieux viser les interventions thérapeutiques. / Addiction to Heroin poses serious problems, given its spread among the youth and its relationship to self-destruction, transgression and crime.For years, and despite their conceptual differences, psychoanalytic and systemic perspectives concur on the importance of family related factors in young people who develop addictive behaviors to substances, including Heroin.Addiction to Heroin appears to be prevalent in dysfunctional families where parenting roles are destructive, the maternal functions being deficient or excessive and the paternal functions showing major failures, as well as familial and parental conflicts that can be traced to causes that are beyond the present and rooted in transgenerational transmission.Addictive behaviors seen under the generational and transgenerational angles have not been studied in the Lebanese experience. It seems to us that the Lebanese youth addicted to Heroin are trying to resolve, through their drug intake, a dependency that is connected to a pervasive past and is reflective of an unresolved family history which repeats itself from one generation to another.Thereby discerning the problematics of Heroin addiction in Lebanon, examining the central role of early relationships experienced by heroin addicts, and highlighting the generational characteristics of the family genogram can provide important clues in understanding the addiction’s pathologies and also allow a better targeting of therapeutic interventions

No description available.

<p>Environmental stress has shown to affect both the exposed individuals and the development of their offspring. Generally, it is thought that the stressed organism responds to stress by trying to adapt to it. This thesis investigates possible evolutionary consequences of cross-generational transmissions of stress, where the parent has been stressed but the offspring has not. In two studies we have exposed chicken parents of different breeds to an unpredictable circadian light rhythm, to investigate the influence of genetic background on the transmission of behaviour and patterns of genome-wide gene expression across generations. In Paper I, we can show that the domesticated chicken, by means of epigenetic factors, transmit their behaviours as well as their gene expression profiles to their offspring to a higher extent than their wild ancestor, the red junglefowl. Furthermore, in Paper II, even though the offspring never experienced the stress or had any contact with their stressed parents, they seemed to have adapted to it, which suggests that the parents might have prepared (or pre-adapted) them for living in the unpredictable environment. Additionally, eggs of stressed hens showed increased levels of estradiol that might have affected gene expression of specific immune genes, which were up-regulated in the offspring of stressed parents. It is possible that the traditional distinction between stress responses and evolutionary adaptation may be reevaluated, since our results indicate that they could be parts of the same evolutionary event.</p>

Submitted by Cristhiane Guerra (cristhiane.guerra@gmail.com) on 2016-08-01T12:28:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1975778 bytes, checksum: 24b98323d97a7689c158e9b7ad1fdb71 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-01T12:28:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1975778 bytes, checksum: 24b98323d97a7689c158e9b7ad1fdb71 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-18 / This study aimed at the intertwining of ideas between three central axes of intersection: transgenerationality, the practice of popular education in healthcare in light of Paulo Freire and comprehensive health care in human life. Transgenerationality, also called generational psychic transmission, had its origin in the field of psychoanalysis studies. Further on, transgenerationality was introduced in clinical contexts permeated by studies with families in the area of psychology and psychiatry. It concerns the life history recorded in body and soul of the human being that has been left by his/her ancestors in the form of inheritance and passed on to his/her descendants. The transmission can occur orally, but it mostly happens by the body memory cells, tissues, organs, for decades and decades of generations. Thus, this research had as its methodological foundation of scientific development, a bibliographical documentary research. The objectives proposed in the study were met, among them I mention the construction of a theoretical and methodological proposal titled Systemic Transgenerational Education as a popular educational practice of comprehensive healthcare in light of Paulo Freire; Mercè Traveset Vilaginés; Denise Falcke; Adriana Wagner; Salomon Sellan; Mônica McGoldrick; Bert Hellinger, Antônio Damásio´s perspective, with a focus on the dimension of care and self-knowledge. The idea of Systemic Transgenerational Education corresponds an important strategic device for the fields of practice education and health, especially for those health professionals who work with the perspective of redefinition of health practices in public life, which emphasizes the dimension of care that involves the care of oneself, of others and of the social environment. In time, it was also shown to be capable of being expanded to other fronts such as: 'family educators' (fathers, mothers, uncles, aunts), professionals in the private sector and to the population in general that has an interest in getting to know and deepen the theme in question, since it presents itself in a didactic way and of accessible understanding. The proposal of Systemic Transgenerational Education as an educational practice of comprehensive healthcare is mainly anchored on the systemic understanding of the world and of human life in order to decrease the physical, mental and emotional distress resulting from conditions of stress, anguish, tensions, anxieties, depressions, caused to the accumulation of personal and professionals conflicts in the walk of life, which involves the work environment, home environment, and other social groups. In this sense, it corresponds to a reunion of the person with his multigenerational past. This reunion with the past that is present in the current life, at the moment, can promote the affirmation of lye meaning that generates personal lightness, responsibility, autonomy and freedom. It is an educational process that generates possibilities which can complement learning in life. / Este estudo teve como finalidade o entrelaçamento de ideias entre três eixos centrais de intersecção: a transgeracionalidade, a prática educativa popular em saúde à luz de Paulo Freire e o cuidado integral em saúde na vida do ser humano. A transgeracionalidade, ou também denominada, transmissão psíquica geracional, teve sua origem de discussão no campo dos estudos da psicanálise. Posteriormente, a transgeracionalidade foi sendo introduzida em contextos clínicos permeados por trabalhos com famílias na área da psicologia e da psiquiatria. Diz respeito à história de vida registrada no corpo e na alma do ser humano que foi deixada por seus ancestrais na forma de herança e transmitida para seus descendentes. Essa transmissão pode ocorrer de forma oral, mas, sobremaneira, acontece pela memória corporal das células, dos tecidos e dos órgãos, por décadas e décadas de gerações. Com isso, esta pesquisa teve como alicerce metodológico de desenvolvimento científico, a pesquisa bibliográfica documental. Os objetivos propostos no trabalho foram atendidos, dentre eles, a construção de uma proposta teórico-metodológica intitulada de Educação Transgeracional Sistêmica como uma prática educativa popular de cuidado integral em saúde, à luz da perspectiva de Paulo Freire, Mercè Traveset Vilaginés; Denise Falcke; Adriana Wagner; Salomon Sellan; Mônica McGoldrick; Bert Hellinger; e Antônio Damásio, com foco para a dimensão do cuidado e do autoconhecimento. A ideia da Educação Transgeracional Sistêmica corresponde a um dispositivo estratégico importante para os campos de atuação da educação e da saúde, em especial, para aqueles profissionais desta área que atuam com a perspectiva de redefinição das práticas de saúde de âmbito público, a qual enfatiza a dimensão do cuidado que envolve o cuidado de si, do outro e do meio social. Ao tempo, a proposta também se mostrou possível de ser ampliado para outras frentes de atuação como os “educadores familiares” – pais, mães, tios, tias etc, para os profissionais liberais de âmbito privado e para a população em geral que tenha interesse em conhecer e aprofundar a temática em questão, uma vez que, ela se apresenta de forma didática e de compreensão acessível. A proposta da Educação Transgeracional Sistêmica como uma prática educativa de cuidado integral em saúde, está ancorada, principalmente, na compreensão sistêmica do mundo e da vida do ser humano, objetivando a diminuição do desgaste físico, mental e emocional decorrentes do quadro de stress, angústias, tensões, ansiedades, depressões etc, provocadas em decorrência do acúmulo de conflitos pessoais e profissionais existentes no caminhar da vida, o que envolve os ambientes de trabalho e doméstico, ou outros grupos sociais. Neste sentido, corresponde a um reencontro da pessoa com o seu passado multigeracional. Esse reencontro que se apresenta na vida atual, no agora, pode promover a afirmação do sentido da vida que gera leveza, responsabilidade, autonomia e liberdade para a pessoa. É um processo educativo gerador de possibilidades que podem complementar a aprendizagem na vida.

Valdanha, E. D. (2013). Anorexia nervosa e transmissão psíquica transgeracional: Histórias de vida de pacientes, mães e avós. Dissertação de Mestrado, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo. Os transtornos alimentares (TAs) configuram graves perturbações no comportamento alimentar, que são tema de destaque na literatura científica nacional e internacional. Um dos tipos de TA que mais tem despertado o interesse de leigos e da comunidade científica é a anorexia nervosa (AN), caracterizada por uma recusa da pessoa acometida em manter o peso mínimo adequado para a saúde, além de temor intenso de ganhar peso e distorção significativa da imagem corporal. Estudos mostram que as relações familiares podem atuar como agentes mediadores no surgimento e manutenção da AN, especialmente a configuração vincular mãefilha. Considerando-se que esse vínculo é essencial para o desenvolvimento emocional e que a transmissão psíquica é um operador da dinâmica dos relacionamentos familiares, o presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a transmissão psíquica em três gerações de famílias que tinham um de seus membros acometidos pela AN, buscando identificar os conteúdos transmitidos transgeracionalmente e suas possíveis relações com o desenvolvimento da AN. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa. Participaram da pesquisa seis famílias, compostas por pacientes diagnosticados com AN, suas respectivas mães e avós maternas. Os pacientes eram vinculados ao Grupo de Assistência em Transtornos Alimentares - GRATA do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMRP-USP). Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados roteiros de entrevista semiestruturada. As entrevistas foram audiogravadas, mediante consentimento dos participantes, e transcritas na íntegra. O material foi submetido à análise de conteúdo temática, o que permitiu extrair as unidades de significado, que emergiram após leitura exaustiva dos relatos. Os dados foram interpretados com apoio do referencial teórico psicanalítico, mais especificamente da transmissão psíquica transgeracional. Foram construídas categorias temáticas relacionadas aos temas: \"fatos marcantes da infância\", \"fatos marcantes de adolescência\", \"relacionamento com os pais\", \"desenvolvimento afetivo-sexual e as relações amorosas\", \"religiosidade\", \"relação mãe-filha(o)\", \"as vivências do corpo e a alimentação\", \"os cuidados maternos percebidos e transmitidos\", \"transmissão da feminilidade\" e \"anorexia nervosa\". Foram identificados padrões distorcidos nos modos como as mães exercem os cuidados maternos, marcados por conflitos e ambivalência afetiva. Os resultados sugerem que vinculações familiares distorcidas são transmitidas como herança psíquica, caracterizando transmissão transgeracional. Essa ausência de elaboração de conteúdos psíquicos, que são transmitidos sucessivamente de geração a geração sem sofrerem transformações, pode ser um importante mediador na gênese e manutenção do transtorno do comportamento alimentar, na medida em que fortalece a perpetuação de vínculos problemáticos, que criam obstruções no processo de amadurecimento emocional da filha. Espera-se que os resultados possam auxiliar os profissionais de saúde a se sensibilizarem para as questões familiares que incidem sobre a AN, contribuindo para o aperfeiçoamento de estratégias (interventivas e preventivas) de cuidado emocional que incluam a família como unidade de tratamento. / Valdanha, E.D. (2013). Anorexia nervosa and transgenerational psychic transmission: Life histories of patients, mothers and grandmothers (Master\'s degree), Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo. Eating disorders (ED) constitute serious disturbances in eating behavior, which are prominent issue in national and international scientific literature. An ED that has mostly attracted the interest of either non-academic or academic community is anorexia nervosa (AN), characterized by a refusal to maintain the minimum weight adequate for health, intense fear of gaining weight and significant distortion of body image. Studies show that familial relations can act as mediating agents in the emergence and maintenance of AN, especially the motherchild relation. Considering this bond as essential to emotional development, and that psychic transmission is an operator of the dynamics within familial relations, the goal of this study was to investigate the psychic transmission in three generations of families which had one member affected by AN, aiming to identify the contents transmitted transgenerationally and their possible relations to the development of AN. This is a descriptive and exploratory study with a qualitative approach. Participants were six families, consisted of patients diagnosed with AN along with their mothers and grandmothers. Patients were assisted by the Group of Assistance on Eating Disorders (GRATA), from the Clinics Hospital of Ribeirão Preto´s School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (HC-FMRP -USP).The instrument used for data collection were semi-structured interview scripts. Interviews were audio recorded, with participants´ consent, and transcribed in full. The material was subjected to thematic content analysis, which enabled to extract the categories of analysis, which emerged after a thorough reading of the transcribed interviews. The data were interpreted with the support of psychoanalysis theoretical framework, more specifically by psychic transgenerational transmission. Thematic categories were raised related to the following topics: \"milestones of childhood\", \"milestones of adolescence\", \"parental relationship\", \"affective-sexual development and love relationships\", \"religiosity\", \"mother-child relationship\", \"experiences of the body and nutrition\", \"perceived and transmitted maternal care\", \" transmission of femininity\" and \"anorexia nervosa\". Distorted patterns were identified in the ways mothers exert maternal care, marked by conflicts and affective ambivalence. Results suggest that distorted family bonds are transmitted as psychic inheritance, featuring transgenerational transmission. This lack of elaboration of psychic contents, which are successively transmitted from generation to generation without transformations, may be an important mediator in the genesis and maintenance of eating disorder, since it strengthens the perpetuation of problematical bonds which create obstructions in child´s process of emotional maturation. It is expected that the results may support health professionals to raise awareness for familial issues that exert influence on AN, contributing to the improvement of assistance strategies (interventional and preventive) for emotional care which includes the family as the unit of treatment.

No description available.