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ITC/USA 2005 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-First Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 24-27, 2005 / Riviera Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / The focus of this paper is to describe a unified methodology for developing both internal and external data display translators between an Instrumentation Support System (ISS) format and Data Display Markup Language (DDML), a neutral language for describing data displays. The methodology includes aspects common to both ISSs that have a well documented text-based save format and those that do not, as well as aspects that are unique to each type. We will also describe the means by which an external translator can be integrated into a translator framework. Finally, we will describe how an internal translator can be integrated directly into the ISS.

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Thesis (MA (Afrikaans and Dutch))—University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / This study examines the quality of translated study material at the University of Stellenbosch and the way in which professional translators can improve the quality thereof. The focus was on the Arts Faculty and specifically translated material found on WebCT. The new Language Policy of the University of Stellenbosch stresses that language services such as translation must play an important role in bringing about a multilingual culture for learning. The problem is that people with little or no training in translation, such as lecturers, take it on themselves to translate the study material. The result is substandard study material and students who are being adversely affected. Chapter 2 discusses the newly implemented Language Policy and Language Plan of the University and the way in which both see the role of translation. It also discusses a Language Survey done at the University to ascertain the extent of translation. Chapter 3 examines different approaches to the translation of more technical documents whereas Chapter 4 analyses various translations on WebCT. A random choice of five translated texts is taken and given to professional editors to analyse and suggest ways in which to better the material. Chapter 5 compare a linguistic and functionalistic translation of the same source text to see which one students in a random test sample prefer. The aim is to see whether functionalist translations really are better than linguistic translations done by an untrained translator. The results of the study show that there are a lot of problems with existing translations and that professional translators do not only improve the quality of translated materials but are also preferred by students. The conclusion is that the University of Stellenbosch must realise the need for professional translators and should promote their use.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Dictionaries are important translation tools, but cause a lot of frustration when they either fail to provide the help required or offer very little guidance. This study examines the reasons that bilingual dictionaries in particular do not always provide satisfactory support to professional translators. Translation theory and different approaches to both the process and the product of translation are investigated. Specific attention is paid to linguistic, text-linguistic and functionalist approaches to translation. The study traces the development of lexicographic theory and practice, and highlights the linguistic genealogy of lexicography. Lexicography and translation studies share this genealogy. The concept of equivalence as it relates to both these academic disciplines - translation studies and lexicography - is investigated. Professional translation entails more than translating individual words or choosing the correct translation equivalent from a bilingual dictionary, and professional translators therefore tend to regard most existing bilingual dictionaries as unsatisfactory, insufficient and inadequate. The terms "bilingual dictionary", "translating/translatory dictionary", and "translation dictionary" are discussed. Requirements for a translation dictionary are identified based on research findings concerning the translation process, translation strategies, typical translation problems, and the requisite skills of professional translators. A translation dictionary should be designed so as to assist professional translators in solving problems related to the reception, translation, and production of texts. It should be based on a representative corpus of real language use. Finally, a lexicographic model of an English-Afrikaans translation dictionary is constructed, based on the genuine purpose and the lexicographic functions of a dictionary aimed at the needs of professional translators. A process of simultaneous feedback is recommended when new dictionaries are compiled. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Woordeboeke is 'n belangrike hulpmiddel vir vertalers, maar is dikwels ook 'n bron van frustrasie wanneer hulle óf geen hulp nie óf gebrekkige leiding verskaf Hierdie studie ondersoek redes waarom spesifiek tweetalige woordeboeke nie 'n voldoende hulpmiddel vir professionele vertalers is nie. In die proses word teorieë oor en benaderings tot vertaling as produk en proses belig. Daar word veral klem gelê op linguistiese, tekslinguistiese en funksionalistiese werkswyses in vertaling. Die ontwikkeling van leksikografie en die leksikografiese beskouing ten opsigte van tweetalige woordeboeke word daarna aangesny. Soos vertaalkunde, het leksikografie uit die linguistiek as studiegebied ontwikkel. Dit het op die vormingsjare van die twee jonger studierigtings - vertaalstudie en leksikografie - 'n soortgelyke invloed uitgeoefen. Die problematiek om ekwivalensie in sowel vertaalteorie as tweetalige woordeboeke word uitgelig. Professionele vertaling behels meer as die vertaal van woorde of die korrekte keuse van vertaalekwivalente. Tweetalige woordeboeke is nie 'n voldoende hulpmiddel vir vertalers nie, omdat hulle nie 'n bevredigende, genoegsame of toereikende hulpmiddel is nie. Die gebruik van die terme "tweetalige woordeboek", "vertalende woordeboek" en "vertaalwoordeboek" word bespreek. Vereistes waaraan 'n vertaalwoordeboek behoort te voldoen, word ondersoek, onder meer aan die hand van insigte uit navorsing oor die vertaalproses, vertaalstrategieë, tipiese vertaalprobleme en die vaardighede waaroor professionele vertalers (moet) beskik. 'n Vertaalwoordeboek moet aan professionele vertalers hulp verleen met probleme wat hulle ondervind met die resepsie, oordrag en produksie van tekste. Verteenwoordigende korpusse van werklike taalgebruik moet die grondslag vorm vir die saamstel van sodanige woordeboek. Op grond van die werklike doel van 'n vertaalwoordeboek en die funksies wat dit moet verrig, word 'n model voorgestel VIr 'n vertaalwoordeboek vir vertalers uit Engels III Afrikaans. Bewerkingsvoorstelle vir enkele voorbeeldlemmas word aan die hand gedoen. 'n Proses van gelyktydige terugvoer behoort by die saamstel van nuwe woordeboeke gevolg te word.

In this thesis, the first chapter provides the general description of this interpreter. The second chapter contains a formal definition of the syntax of BASIC along with an introduction to the semantics. The third chapter contains the design of data structure. The fourth chapter contains the description of algorithms along with stages for testing the interpreter and the design of debug output. The stages and actions-are represented internally to the computer in tabular forms. For statement parsing working syntax equations are established. They serve as standards for the conversion of source statements into object pseudocodes. As the statement is parsed for legal form, pseudocodes for this statement are created. For pseudocode execution, pseudocodes are represented internally to the computer in tabular forms.

This thesis focuses on the subjective perception of the translating and interpreting profession among Czech translators and interpreters, students of translation studies at the Institute of Translation Studies at the Faculty of Arts at Charles University in Prague, and the Czech general public. The thesis is comprised of two parts, theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part characterizes the translating and interpreting profession and describes the knowledge, abilities and skills needed to practice both professions. This part also provides a description of all factors determining the perception of the status of both professions and the factors that have an impact on the real status of translators and interpreters in society. This is followed by a description of the Czech environment and its possible influence on the status and working conditions of translators and interpreters in the Czech Republic. These descriptions serve as a basis for the empirical part of this thesis, which aims to compare, using the questionnaire survey method, the perception of both professions among translators and interpreters themselves, students of translation studies and the Czech general public, and to ascertain the general public's knowledge of both professions. The survey shows not only differences in the...

Student Number: 9603346N. Master of Arts in Translation. School of Literature and Language Studies / This research focuses on the translation of the South African Broadcasting Corporation’s (SABC) news bulletins from English into Sotho languages, particularly Sepedi. The main aim of this study is to analyse the strategies, methods and approaches used by the translators. The study also tests Stephen Maphike’s 1992 hypothesis which states that the news translators translate literally or word for word, instead of translating conceptually. In order to achieve these aims both the English and Sotho versions of the news were recorded over a period of approximately two weeks, from 22nd September to 5th October 2003. The study falls within the framework of Descriptive Translation Studies, and the analysis is based on translation theories and strategies proposed by authors such as Mona Baker (1992), Peter Newmark (1991), Christiane Nord (1991 & 1997) and Gideon Toury (1980). The conclusions drawn regarding the appropriateness or otherwise of the strategies used are intended to increase an awareness of the problems involved and the solutions available to translators.

This dissertation explores the proliferation of novels written in Latin America over the past quarter century that feature translators as protagonists, asserting that the mobilization of this figure in fiction allows contemporary writers a means to reflect on the place and shape of literature in the context of shifting paradigms of cultural production and consumption, to address the uneven distribution of cultural capital still prevalent in discussions of World Literature, and to present dynamic, reciprocal notions of creativity over and against hierarchical models of intellectual influence. In my analysis of the metaphorical weight of the literary figure of the translator, I examine the engagement of three central tropes of translation theory in contemporary fiction, setting close readings of the corpus in the context of both the region's longstanding tradition of translation--epitomized in the last century by, but not limited to, the work of Jorge Luis Borges and Haroldo de Campos--and theories of translation and cultural exchange presented by Walter Benjamin, Jacques Derrida, Gayatri Spivak, Lawrence Venuti, and Silviano Santiago, among others. Following an introduction that situates my dissertation within the broader discussion of World Literature and early reflections on the literary representation of translators in the field of translation studies, the study's second chapter explores the metaphor of translation as reproduction in both a biological sense, as seen in Luis Fernando Verissimo's Borges e os orangotangos eternos (2000), and a biogenetic one, in the form of the conflation of cloning and translation in César Aira's El congreso de literatura (1999), to explore the extent to which these works go beyond the simple inversion of the discursive hierarchy inherent to the notion of influence to posit a non-linear model of cultural exchange. The third chapter defends what I describe as translation's right to untranslatability--a mode of translational reading grounded in the recognition of cultural specificity--as it appears in narratives centered on translation failure at the level of the cognate, those terms in which two languages would appear to be at their closest; in this analysis, I focus on Salvador Benesdra's El traductor (1998) and Alan Pauls's El Pasado (2003). The fourth chapter looks at the mobilization of the textual space of the translator's footnote in Mario Bellatin's El jardí­n de la señora Murakami (2000), in relation to precursors such as the writings of Rodolfo Walsh and Moacyr Scliar, to argue that Bellatin adopts the persona of the translator as a means of destabilizing traditional notions of authorship and originality. Finally, a coda proposes two avenues for future research: one based on an extended analysis of the topographical space occupied by the translator in these narratives, and another on the alignment of translation with new models of authorship and creativity that have emerged in the digital age. In this way, the study both establishes a connection between Latin American cultural studies and translation theory, and expands the "fictional turn" of translation studies--which tends to analyze the narrative representation of translators in relation to the concrete realities of the practice--to include the symbolic mobilization of translation as a commentary on broader cultural dynamics.

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