M.A.

En el Perú, los estudios que existen acerca de la traducción institucional, la traducción comunitaria y la traducción de lenguas originarias son campos de investigación relativamente nuevos. La mayoría de las investigaciones que abordan este tema presentan vacíos respecto a la labor traductora y qué papel desarrolla cada uno de los agentes involucrados en estos procesos de traducción en específico: los traductores de lenguas originarias y las entidades estatales. Debido a esto, si bien existen protocolos que guían el trabajo conjunto de las instituciones y los traductores de lenguas originarias, es posible que estos procesos sean afectados por los roles y posicionamientos asumidos por los agentes involucrados. De la misma manera, esta dinámica de trabajo sería distinta a las estudiadas en otros contextos institucionales, por lo que es posible que la interacción entre ambas partes tenga aspectos particulares que influencian el proceso de traducción de lenguas originarias en el Perú. La investigación se perfila como un estudio de caso múltiple que tiene dos unidades de análisis: las perspectivas de los traductores y las de los funcionarios de las instituciones. Estas se obtendrán a partir de entrevistas a ambas partes. / In Peru, studies regarding institutional translation, community translation and translation of indigenous languages are relatively new. Most studies that focus on these topics do not cover all aspects of the translator’s duties nor the role each participant plays in the translation process; specifically, indigenous language translators and state agencies. As a result, even if there exists certain documents intended to lead the joint work between state agencies and indigenous language translators, those guidelines may be influenced by the roles of each participant. Moreover, this work dynamic might not resemble the ones studied in other contexts. Consequently, it is possible that the interaction between both parties have particularities that may impact the process of indigenous translation in Peru. The current study is a multiple case study that has two analysis units: the perspective of the indigenous language translators and those of the state agencies. The data will be collected through interviews. / Trabajo de investigación

Solicitud de envio manuscrito de artículo científico. / Solicitud de envío manuscrito de artículo científico. / Esta investigación analiza las estrategias que un grupo de estudiantes de traducción de una universidad peruana emplean para regular las emociones displacenteras y placenteras generadas en dos cursos de traducción directa inglés - español. Siguiendo el Modelo Modal de las Emociones (Gross & Thompson, 2007), se condujeron dos grupos focales para identificar las situaciones que generan emociones en ambos cursos; luego, se aplicó el cuestionario CERQ-36 (Domínguez-Lara & Merino-Soto, 2015) para conocer las frecuencias de uso de las estrategias de regulación de emociones; finalmente, se condujeron dos nuevos grupos focales para reflexionar sobre las respuestas de los estudiantes ante estas situaciones. Los resultados muestran la cadena de decisiones tomadas por los estudiantes ante los generadores de emociones más comunes: la recepción de calificaciones menores a aquellas esperadas, la falta de confianza en sus bagajes traductológico y temático, aspectos de la metodología de la clase y la relación con el profesorado y los compañeros. Los estudiantes atraviesan un proceso que inicia con el uso de las estrategias disfuncionales, como la rumiación y la autoculpa. Sin embargo, ellos llegan a usar estrategias funcionales para cumplir con los objetivos del curso, como la refocalización de los planes. La investigación contribuye a la caracterización de la traducción como una actividad guiada por las emociones. / This research analysis the strategies that a group of translation students of a peruvian university use to regulate their unpleasant and pleasant emotions generated in two direct translation workshops from English to Spanish. The methodology of this research was based on the Modal Model of Emotions (Gross & Thompson, 2007). Two focus groups, one for each workshop, were conducted to identify the situations that trigger students; then, the CERQ-36 questionnaire (Domínguez-Lara & Merino-Soto, 2015) was applied to find how frequently students use certain emotional regulation strategies; finally, two more focus groups were conducted to analysis the students’ responses when experiencing these situations. The results show the decisions chain that the students create when facing the most common scenarios: getting lower grades than expected, the lack of confidence in their traductology and thematic background, aspects of the course methodology, and their relationships with the professors and classmates. Students go through a process that starts with the use of less adaptive strategies, such as rumination and self-blame. However, students continue their process and start to use adaptive strategies to fulfill their goals, such as refocus on planning. This research contributes to the characterization of translation as a activity guided by emotions. / Trabajo de investigación

The translator’s workplace (TW) has undergone radical changes since microcomputers were introduced on the market and, as a result, digitization increased enormously. Existing translation-related technologies, such as machine translation (MT), were enhanced and others, such as translation memory (TM) systems, were developed. It is a noteworthy fact that implementing new translation-related technologies in the TW is done in various conditions according to specific goals that subsequently define new work conditions for translators. These new work conditions affect translators’ satisfaction with their job, and their satisfaction will influence career development and employee retention in the translation industry over the long term. In the past two decades, Language Service Providers (LSPs) have started integrating MT into TM systems to benefit from MT suggestions when TM is not helpful. Neither TM nor MT is unfamiliar to the translation industry, but the combination, i.e. TM+MT, is fairly new. So far, there have been few studies on translators’ satisfaction with TM+MT. This study consists of an ethnographic research project on seven translators in a Canada-based company where TM+MT is used. Observations, semi-structured interviews, and in-house document analysis have been used as data collection methods. The data obtained has been analyzed and discussed based on Rodríguez-Castro’s task satisfaction model (2011). This model addresses intrinsic and extrinsic sources of translators’ satisfaction with the activities they do in their job. Investigating the factors and variables of her model in the aforementioned company, I concluded that those sources of satisfaction cannot be considered separately from the job-context factors, such as the company’s policies in implementing TM+MT.

Esta investigación analiza las diferentes perspectivas de un grupo de intérpretes de lenguas originarias registrados en el Ministerio de Cultura del Perú y el Poder Judicial Peruano con respecto a su labor de interpretación en el sistema judicial. Bajo un enfoque cualitativo, se condujeron entrevistas semiestructuradas con seis intérpretes de diferentes lenguas originarias. A través de ellas, se identificaron los procesos de aprendizaje de la lengua originaria y del castellano que siguieron los participantes, así como también las competencias que los participantes fueron desarrollando durante su formación y experiencia como traductores e intérpretes. Por otro lado, documentamos la experiencia profesional de los participantes dentro del campo de la interpretación de lenguas originarias, y también fuera de él, ya que, para ellos, la traducción e interpretación de lenguas originarias es una actividad profesional secundaria debido a la falta de demanda. Asimismo, también se analizó cómo los participantes ejercen un activismo lingüístico a través de sus actividades profesionales. Finalmente, se realiza un análisis de las percepciones de los intérpretes respecto a su rol, su estatus dentro de la sociedad peruana, y las circunstancias del ámbito judicial, factores que influencian el ejercicio de la interpretación de lenguas originarias debido a las dinámicas de poder que existen. / This research paper analyzes the different perspectives from a group of interpreters of indigenous languages accredited by the Peruvian Ministry of Culture about their interpreting work within the Peruvian judicial system. The study was conducted through qualitative data collection methods, with semi-structured interviews being conducted with six interpreters of different indigenous languages. Through the investigation, we identified their first and second language learning processes as well as the development of their competences during their training and working experiences as translators and interpreters of indigenous languages, and also from other professional work experiences, as they mentioned that the translation and interpreting of indigenous languages is a secondary professional activity for them due to the lack of demand of this service. Furthermore, the interpreters’ linguistic activism was analyzed through their professional activities. Finally, we assessed the interpreter’s perceptions regarding their role, their status within Peruvian society, and the circumstances of the judicial system, factors that influence indigenous language interpreting due the existing power dynamics in this context. / Trabajo de investigación

A pesar del carácter multiétnico y multilingüe del Perú, el español es considerado como la lengua predominante tanto en lo público como en lo privado. Esta situación de desigualdad genera conflictos sociales entre los peruanos y afecta, sobre todo, a aquellos que poseen el español como segunda lengua. En un intento de revertir esta injusticia para los hablantes de lenguas indígenas, el Estado creó un programa de intérpretes y traductores. La presente investigación busca documentar la experiencia de algunos traductores e intérpretes empadronados en dicho programa. / Despite the multiethnic and multilingual character of Peru, Spanish is considered to be the most predominant language in both the public and the private spheres. This inequality has sparked many social conflicts in Peru affecting, above all, those who do not speak Spanish as their native language. As an attempt to reverse this injustice for speakers of indigenous languages, the State created a program of interpreters and translators. This investigation seeks to document the experience of some translators and interpreters registered in said program. / Tesis

The Internet – when defined as a massive, uncontrolled database of information – is not a reliable source of information. Despite this, it has developed into the default terminology tool for most translators today. This study explores what criteria are used by translators to define website credibility and whether translation experience affects the criteria used. Three groups of differently experienced translators were asked to translate two technical texts from English to Swedish and document the websites they visited. The documentation was used as the basis for follow-up interviews, where the translators were asked to argue for their choices. The results show a significant similarity in application of criteria between student and experienced translators, indicating that other factors than experience are at play. Moreover, source text complexity does not affect the criteria used but rather to what extent research is performed. These results can be used to encourage further research into the information search behavior of translators.

(in English): This thesis aims to document the development of the Union of Interpreters and Translators from its foundation until today. The thesis deals with the situation before 1989 and associations of translators and interpreters during the Communist era and it also describes the circumstances of the establishment of the Union of Interpreters and Translators and its subsequent history. It deals with the specific activities of the organization such as competitions, trips and educational and publishing activities. Such a systematic review has not been published in Czech so far. The chosen research method is oral history, which was implemented through interviews with the four founders of the organization. The acquired data was then verified and put into the context of the records in the magazines ToP: Interpreting-translation, letters addressed to the members of the Union and documents from the meetings of the organization.

This thesis deals with the complex question of how global Christian mission organizations must learn to function, especially the Wycliffe Global Alliance (WGA). I summarize how the Wycliffe Bible Translators (WBT) began in 1942 as the resourcing organization for the Summer Institute of Linguistics (now called SIL International) and how their mutual founder, American William Cameron Townsend, was influenced by Western mission strategy and conservative evangelical theology. The changing global context is impacting how the missio Dei takes place and this is influencing how mission agencies interact with each other and the church worldwide. This is leading to new paradigms of how mission is conceptualized around the world. The thesis outlines how the changing global context has forced Wycliffe to reevaluate its place in the world because, half a century after its formation, the church has new homes in the global South and East. It follows that as a Western mission, Western resources have decreased and this has shaped how Wycliffe Bible Translators (International) has now become Wycliffe Global Alliance (WGA). However, this goes beyond a mere change of name and has resulted in a type of structure that enables it to better engage with the church worldwide. The thesis also examines the complexity of contextualization in the global environment, noting how different languages and cultures are involved, each with its own rules and subtleties. I show how the shift of the centre of gravity of the church to the global South and East presents new theological challenges for the Bible translation effort and these directly impact WGA. There are many missiological implications for WGA that come from influences in church history regarding the importance of language, the translatability of the gospel, the history of Bible translation and how missional reflection is necessary in various situations. These merge together to provide new implications which are influenced by globalization for mission agencies such as WGA. The thesis also emphasises that WGA is a global mission movement, so I have identified methods of leadership development and structure, all of which are critical to WGA’s effectiveness and involvement in the missio Dei. I show that forming global mission leaders is unique and complex, and how the leaders must embrace a wide variety of qualities, skills and capabilities, especially in responding to greater cultural diversity. Since most leadership principles are culturally bound, this creates obstacles in cross-cultural situations. Therefore, I emphasize that a successful multicultural organization like WGA must learn to focus on both worldwide and local objectives. The thesis outlines how theological, missiological, cultural, contextual and leadership values converge and therefore reshape a mission movement like WGA. My conclusion is that none of these influences can be ignored – all are relevant. Each must be reflected upon in order to provide directions for WGA as it seeks to be faithful to its vision and serve the global church. / Dissertation (MA Theol)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / gm2013 / Science of Religion and Missiology / unrestricted

(anglicky): The Peruvian author Mario Vargas Llosa (*1936) enjoys a high level of popularity in the Czech Republic. This is demonstrated by the number of translators, who focused on his work. A few of the translators translated more than one of his works (Vladimír Medek, Jana Novotná, Anežka Charvátová), however, most of them only translated one of his books, such as Alena Šimková (Death in the Andes) or Petr Zavadil (The Feast of the Goat). The first part of this thesis offers an exhaustive overview of the author's works, which have been translated into the Czech language, as well as an evaluation of the ways Czech readers got familiarized with his works and how their interest developed. In the next part, the thesis focuses on a specific translation of Death in the Andes by Alena Šimková. The commentary is based on a translatological analysis of the work with a focus on comparative analysis of the original and the translation; we will further try to determine whether the translator based her work on an existing English translation, and whether and how she follows up on previous translations of Vargas Llosa's works, with a focus on recurring characters and motives. In the conclusion of the thesis, we will attempt to map out the changes to the publishing market in the Czech Republic after 1989.