The gear type transmissions has good performance. And it can offer the proper rotating ratio to make the dynamical system and transmission of the vehicle obtain the good match result. Apply to the transmissions of various kinds of vehicles extensively. The purpose of this research lies in the five-speed gear type transmissions. And sets up the theory of a systematized design method. The type of carrying on the transmissions by way of systematization is designed, cam mechanism to design, shifter mechanism to design and dispose overallly systematically. At first, sum up the function that the transmissions and basic characteristic to the transmissions of existing motorcycle. Set up the design specification form of the transmissions. Secondly propose a systematized designing program and carrying on the design of the gear box. And then to the gear type transmissions, cylinder cam and shifter mechanism. And carry on the innovation of handling the organization to design with movement route analytic approach and morphology matrix. Dispose overallly the five-speed gear type transmissions. Finally, set up the type picture collection of the gear type transmissions, in order to benefit the design of the motorcycle gear type transmissions. The achievement of this research contributes to the cart the innovation of the five-speed gear type transmissions designed.

¡@¡@The countershaft transmission is a device connected between engine and driving wheel for transferring power. This device can provide variable gear ratios to maintain engine speed in certain operating range and is well applied for vehicle transmission systems for its high performance. In this thesis, the systematic design methodology for dual-clutch countershaft automatic transmission (DCT) is proposed. This methodology can provide a systematic design procedure for the gear box prototype, number of teeth, computer-aid program and preliminary layout. First, the fundamentals and gear-shifting operations for DCT are illustrated to establish the design requirements. Secondly, 12 kinds and 8 kinds for 7-speed DCT prototype are synthesized for the gear mechanism with FR type and FF type respectively. Then, according to both FR and FF types, calculate the proper number of teeth for ideal gear ratio and build the computer-aided calculating interface. Finally, the preliminary layouts of the above prototypes and number of teeth are built by CAD models. The result of this research will be beneficial for further newly DCT designs.

La problématique de ma recherche vise à articuler trois axes principaux : Tradition, Culture et Transmissions Intergénérationnelle, ceci à travers l’exemple de l’étude d’une tradition fortement ancrée dans la culture marocaine, le Moussem de la Procession des cierges de Salé, qui a lieu une fois par an lors de l’anniversaire du Prophète Mohammed (sws).Cette recherche s’enrichit de comparaisons nationales et internationales, de manière à questionner à la fois la singularité de cette pratique et ses liens avec d’autres traditions. Elle s’est appuyée sur l’étude d’archives, articles et ouvrages historiques, ainsi des déplacements au Maroc pour recueillir, sur place, des données sous forme d’entretiens auprès des participants actuels à cette tradition : comment est-elle parvenue jusqu’à eux, pourquoi la mettent-ils toujours en œuvre, avec quels éventuels aménagements en lien avec l’époque actuelle ? / Memories, traditions and Intergenerational transmissions are dealt with in this research through a case study: The Moussem of candles of Salé. By giving voice to the people concerned through interviews and experience story. The candle procession is a slaoui intangible heritage that not only presents an individual memory of each member of the Hassouni and Bellakbir families, but also a collective memory of each Siaoui and even of each Moroccan accustomed to come to witness the candle procession. The results of this research are divided into three chapters, the first being reserved for the men of the Hassouni and Bellakbir families, the second for the women Hassouni family only. And the third part is reserved to the artisans and the professional of the intangible cultural heritage. Transmission and traditions are definded by each member of the family share the same aspirations, knowledge and beliefs while having a collective conscience. This thesis shows the advantage of carrying out a case study on the Moussem of candles. We have analyzed this study in a plural way in order to show that this Moussem is not just a party but a collective history and a knowledge deserving to be preserved and perpetuated to the following generations.

L’objectif principal de ce travail est dans un premier temps étudier l’impact des caractéristiques matérielles sur la consommation d’une transmission simple ou d’une transmission multi-sauts dans l’application des réseaux de capteurs sans fils. Nous nous intéressons plus spécifiquement aux communications en environnement intra bâtiment avec de courtes distances de transmission. Supposons un réseau comprenant des capteurs très bas coûts mais en grand nombre qui ne peuvent que capter l’information et la transmettre. Une seconde catégorie de capteurs, moins nombreux mais plus performants, sont capables de relayer l’information. Enfin, l’information est destinée à un puits qui peut être plus cher et non contraint énergétiquement. Dans ce cadre, les caractéristiques matérielles pourront évoluer entre les différents nœuds. Nous voulons voir si ces caractéristiques ont un impact sur les stratégies de transmissions multi-sauts. Notre contribution majeure est de montrer que le rendement ou le facteur de bruit des nœuds dans un système hétérogène est un paramètre important pour la sélection d’un nœud et les calculs des gains optimaux du relais. Nous étudions dans un second temps des méthodes de diversité coopérative « decode and forward » et « Amplify and forward » pour l'amélioration des performances dans le contexte de la radio impulsionnelle ultra-large bande. A cause des accès multiples, la distribution de l’interférence n'est pas gaussienne. Nous choisissons le modèle symétrique α-stable qui représente avec précision de la nature impulsive grâce à sa distribution à queue lourde. La propriété de stabilité nous permet ensuite une étude analytique des transmissions multi sauts et coopératives. Nous analysons la probabilité d’erreur dont nous obtenons des expressions semi-analytiques. Finalement, nous proposons un critère de la sélection du relais en fonction de l’effet des interférences. / The main objective of this work is firstly to study the impact of material characteristics on the consumption of a direct link or a multi-hop transmission in the wireless sensor networks applications. We specifically investigate the communications environment within the building with short transmission distances. A sensors network with low cost but many who can only capture data and transmit it is assumed. A second kind of sensors, fewer but more powerful, is capable of relaying information. Finally, the information is sent to the gateway that may be more expensive and energy-unconstrained. In this context, the physical characteristics may change between the different nodes. We want to see if these factors have an impact on strategies for multi-hop transmissions. Our major contribution is to show that the efficiency or the noise of the nodes in a heterogeneous system is an important parameter for selecting a node and the calculations of optimal relay gains. We then study methods of cooperative diversity "decode and forward" and "Amplify and forward" for improved performance in the context of impulse radio ultra-wideband. Due to the multiple access, the distribution of interference is not Gaussian. We choose the symmetric α-stable model that accurately represents the impulsive nature thanks to its heavy-tailed distribution. The stability property then allows us an analytical study of multi-hop transmissions and cooperatives. We analyze the error probability and obtain semi-analytical expressions. Finally, we propose a criterion for selecting the optimal relay based on the effect of interference.

The epicyclic gear mechanisms are widely used in the automatic transmissions for automobiles, and can provide several speed ratios by the controls of the input and fixed links with clutches and brakes. In order to increase the number of speed ratios, two or three embedded clutches are adapted in the automatic transmissions. However, the design of automatic transmissions with one embedded clutch has been hitherto ignored. Thus, the purpose of this work is to develop a systematic methodology for the design of automobiles automatic transmissions with one embedded clutch. First, the design specifications are established based on the requirements of the epicyclic automatic transmissions. Next, a procedure of the conceptual synthesis is developed to enumerate the epicyclic gear mechanisms with one embedded clutch. The corresponding atlas of the epicyclic gear mechanisms with two fundamental geared entities are established. Finally, a method is created to arrange the clutches and brakes into epicyclic gear mechanisms. Then the numbers of the teeth of gears are calculated by an analytical way. The result of this research shows that five five-speed automatic transmission and one seven-speed automatic transmission are synthesized. The associated efficiency for each speed is greater than 95%. This demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed methodology.

Aufgabe des Projektes war die Entwicklung einer neuen Technologie zur Probenpräparation für die Transmissions-Elektronenmikroskopie (TEM) auf der Basis der Ionenfeinstrahlbearbei-tung. Dazu wurden Prozesse der ionenstrahlgestützten Abtragung (Sputtern), der Abschei-dung, des Probenhandling sowie systemeigener Komponenten untersucht. Als Alternative zur Ga- Quelle wurde eine Flüssigmetall-Ionenquelle auf der Basis einer AuGeSi Legierung entwi-ckelt, charakterisiert und in der FIB 4400 eingesetzt. Um eine automatische Bearbeitung bei der Herstellung von TEM-Lamellen zu ermöglichen, erfolgte eine Modifikation der FIB-4400 Software. Das LabView Programm wurde entsprechend modifi-ziert und zusätzlich um nützliche Komponenten ergänzt. Abtragsraten auf der Basis der Volumenverlustmethode wurden experimentell bestimmt. Diese Werte dienen als Ausgangspunkt für eine weiter ausbaubare Datensammlung, die die entwi-ckelte Prozessautomatisierung verfeinert. Für den Tranfer von TEM -Lamellen, die aus dem Volumen präpariert werden, wurde ein spe-zieller lift-off Manipulator entwickelt, gebaut und getestet. Es wurde ein Angebotskatalog erarbeitet, der anhand von Applikationsbeispielen mit verschie-denen Anforderungen (raue Oberflächen, Hochauflösung, poröse Materialien, Materialien mit verminderter Leitfähigkeit) die Kooperationsmöglichkeiten im Dresdener Raum im Rahmen des Materialforschungsverbundes aufzeigt.

Techn. Universiẗat, Diss., 2006--Darmstadt.

Aufgabe des Projektes war die Entwicklung einer neuen Technologie zur Probenpräparation für die Transmissions-Elektronenmikroskopie (TEM) auf der Basis der Ionenfeinstrahlbearbei-tung. Dazu wurden Prozesse der ionenstrahlgestützten Abtragung (Sputtern), der Abschei-dung, des Probenhandling sowie systemeigener Komponenten untersucht. Als Alternative zur Ga- Quelle wurde eine Flüssigmetall-Ionenquelle auf der Basis einer AuGeSi Legierung entwi-ckelt, charakterisiert und in der FIB 4400 eingesetzt. Um eine automatische Bearbeitung bei der Herstellung von TEM-Lamellen zu ermöglichen, erfolgte eine Modifikation der FIB-4400 Software. Das LabView Programm wurde entsprechend modifi-ziert und zusätzlich um nützliche Komponenten ergänzt. Abtragsraten auf der Basis der Volumenverlustmethode wurden experimentell bestimmt. Diese Werte dienen als Ausgangspunkt für eine weiter ausbaubare Datensammlung, die die entwi-ckelte Prozessautomatisierung verfeinert. Für den Tranfer von TEM -Lamellen, die aus dem Volumen präpariert werden, wurde ein spe-zieller lift-off Manipulator entwickelt, gebaut und getestet. Es wurde ein Angebotskatalog erarbeitet, der anhand von Applikationsbeispielen mit verschie-denen Anforderungen (raue Oberflächen, Hochauflösung, poröse Materialien, Materialien mit verminderter Leitfähigkeit) die Kooperationsmöglichkeiten im Dresdener Raum im Rahmen des Materialforschungsverbundes aufzeigt.

In this study, I examine the transmissions of volatility spillovers during the subprime crisis in the U.S between Vietnam and other Asian financial markets (Japan, Korea, China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan). I attempt to explore the level and magnitude of volatility spillover effects of other Asian markets on the Vietnam stock market by applying a multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (MGARCH) model. It is found that the level of the volatility effect of the selected financial markets on the Vietnamese stock market’s return from 2006 to August - 2009 increases over time. Particularly, the level of volatility transmissions and spillover effect of two developed markets, Hong Kong and Japan onto the Vietnamese market are relatively higher and more consistent than other markets during the 2006-2009 period. Also, the Vietnamese financial market seems to perform better than other markets during my 2006-2009 sample, including the financial crisis period in 2007.

Planetary gear mechanisms are widely used in automobile automatic transmissions. However, the relevant design theories are not well development, especially the synthesis of the clutching sequence. Thus, the purpose of this study is to develop a systematical methodology for the design of automobile automatic transmissions. First, the specifications are established according to the characteristics of the automatic transmissions. Second, a procedure is created to list the speed ratio table and the clutching table for the planetary gear mechanisms. Third, based on the clutching table, a systematical method is developed to synthesize the clutching sequences. Then, the clutches and brakes are arranged into the planetary gear mechanisms to form the schematic of an automatic transmission. Finally, according to the relations between speed ratios and the numbers of teeth of gears, the gear-teeth synthesis is carried out when several certain speed ratios are assigned. A seven-link 2-DOF Ravigneaux gear mechanism, a eight-link 2-DOF Ravigneaux gear mechanism and a nine-link 2-DOF stepped Ravigneaux gear mechanism are as the design examples. And a four-speed, a six-speed and an eight-speed automatic transmissions are synthesized, respectively. The result of this study shows that the proposed methodology can be applied to design any 2-DOF planetary automatic transmissions.