Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2006. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-56). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第13781号 / 工博第2885号 / 新制||工||1426(附属図書館) / 25997 / UT51-2008-C697 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科機械理工学専攻 / (主査)教授 井手 亜里, 教授 木村 健二, 教授 河合 潤 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

Cette thèse se focalise sur l’étude du procédé de désalliage de couches minces d’alliages métalliques Au- Cu et Ag-Al déposés par pulvérisation cathodique magnétron. Une très large gamme de morphologie et de composition est obtenue grâce à ce procédé de dépôt. L’influence des paramètres de dépôt et des paramètres de désalliage sur la morphologie finale des couches minces nanoporeuses d’or et d’argent est étudiée. La possibilité de créer une structure lamellaire nanoporeuses d’or par la gravure chimique dans l’acide nitrique d’un empilement de couches d’or et de cuivre est également démontrée. Nous montrons aussi qu’il est possible de réaliser des réseaux bien organisés de nanofils d’or nanoporeux de plusieurs centimètres de long en combinant des dépôts sur des surfaces « template » et un désalliage par électrochimie. L’évaluation des couches minces d’or nanoporeux pour application comme capteur à effet SERS de petites molécules a été réalisée. On obtient des limites de détection de l’ordre du picomolaire (entre 10-12 et 10- 14 mol.L-1) pour la bipyridine comme molécule sonde sur des structures lamellaires d’or nanoporeux. Enfin, nous avons développé un nouveau procédé de désalliage basé sur l’utilisation de vapeur d’acide permettant la création de membranes nanomaillées d’or pour des applications comme électrodes flexibles transparentes. On atteint des performances de 44 Ω/□ avec une transmittance de 79 % avec une variation de résistance de moins de 8 % après 10 000 cycles de courbure sous une déformation de 1 %. / The main objective of this thesis is to study the dealloying process of metal alloy thin films and nanowires deposited by magnetron sputtering which is a versatile process allowing growing alloys with a large panel of morphologies. We explore the influence of the deposition parameters on the morphology of the alloy films and nanowires and how in turn they impact the dealloying process. We further demonstrate that it is possible to create nanoporous lamellar films by selective etching in nitric acid of multilayered thin films consisting of stacks of gold/copper nanolayers. Furthermore, we show how by combining the deposition of gold-copper alloy by magnetron sputtering on “template” substrate and electrochemical dealloying one can create planar arrays of nanoporous gold nanowires with a tunable morphology. In term of application, the various nanoporous structures developed so far in this work are then used for the development of SERS-based sensors for the detection of small molecules. We obtain a detection limit at picomolar level (between 10-12 and 10-14 mol.L-1) with bipyridine as probe molecule using the nanoporous lamellar films. Moreover, we demonstrate a novel process based on applying dealloying using acidic vapors allowing fabricating highly flexible and transparent gold nanomesh electrodes suitable for flexible electronics. The obtained gold nanomesh electrodes may exhibit a resistivity as low as 44 Ω/□ and a transmittance of 79 % with a slight increase in resistance of less than 8 % after 10 000 bending cycles at 1 %.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This project is aimed at fabricating a smart material. Zinc oxide and vanadium dioxide have received a great deal of attention in recent years because they are used in various applications. ZnO semiconductor in particular has a potential application in optoelectronic devices such as light emitting diodes (LED), sensors and in photovoltaic cell industry as a transparent electrode. VO2 also has found application in smart windows, solar technology and infrared smart devices. Hence the need to synthesis or fabricate a new smart material using VO2 and an active ZnO based nano-composites family in which ZnO matrix will be hosting thermally active VO2 nano-crystals is the basis of this study. Since VO2 behave as an MIT Mott’s type oxides and exhibits a thermally driven semiconductor-metal phase transition at about 68 oC and as a direct result ZnO:VO2 nano-composites would exhibit a reversible and modulated optical transmission in the infra-red (IR) while maintaining a constant optical transmission in the UV-Vis range. The synthesis is possible by pulsed laser deposition and ion implantation. Synthesis by pulsed laser deposition will involve thin films multilayer fabrication. ZnO buffer layer thin film will be deposited on the glass and ZnO single crystals and subsequent layer of VO2 and ZnO will be deposited on the substrate. X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveals that the series of ZnO thin films deposited by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) on glass substrates has the hexagonal wurtzite structure with a c-axis preferential orientation. In addition the XRD results registered for VO2 samples indicate that all thin films exhibits a monoclinic VO2 (M) phase. UV-Vis NIR measurements of multilayered structures showed the optical tunability at the near-IR region and an enhanced transparency (>30 %) at the visible range.

Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第16865号 / 工博第3586号 / 新制||工||1542(附属図書館) / 29540 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科材料化学専攻 / (主査)教授 平尾 一之, 教授 三浦 清貴, 教授 田中 勝久 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

Thesis advisor: Michael J. Naughton / In this dissertation, I first discuss many different kinds of transparent conductors in Chapter one. In Chapter two, I focus on transparent conductors based on crackle temples. I and my colleagues developed three (one sputter-free and two fully all-solution) methods to fabricate metallic networks as transparent conductors. The first kind of all-solution process is based on crackle photolithography and the resulting silver networks outperform all reported experimental values, including having sheet resistance more than an order of magnitude lower than ITO, yet with comparable transmittance. The second kind of all-solution proceed transparent conductor is obtained by integrating crackle photolithography-based microwires with nanowires and electroplate welding. This combination results in scalable film structures that are flexible, indium-free, vacuum-free, lithographic-facility-free, metallic-mask-free, with small domain size, high optical transmittance, and low sheet resistance (one order of magnitude smaller than conventional nanowire-based transparent conductors). / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2019. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Physics.

Dans notre quotidien, le smartphone est devenu un outil indispensable pour effectuer nos tâches courantes. Accéder à des services en ligne depuis son téléphone mobile est devenu une action commune. Afin de s'authentifier à ces services parfois sensibles, la seule protection est généralement l'usage d'un mot de passe. Ces mots de passe pour être robustes doivent être de plus en plus longs. Ceci représente, sur les téléphones mobiles, une contrainte plus forte que pour les ordinateurs de bureau puisque les claviers tactiles disposent de moins de touches. D'autres méthodes d'authentification ont vu le jour sur téléphones mobiles comme la reconnaissance faciale sur les appareils android ou bien l'empreinte digitale qui gagne le marché des smartphones et même le domaine bancaire avec Apple Pay.Afin de simplifier l'authentification, la biométrie prend une part de plus en plus importante dans l'usage des téléphones mobiles. Au delà des capteurs dédiés à l'acquisition de données biométriques, il est aussi possible d'utiliser l'environnement du téléphone mobile pour authentifier les utilisateurs. Si les méthodes d'authentification tendent à se transformer pour devenir de plus en plus transparentes, cela amène deux questions :Comment utiliser ces nouvelles techniques d'authentification dans les processus actuels d'authentification ?Quels impacts ces nouvelles méthodes peuvent avoir sur la vie privée des utilisateurs ?L'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer des méthodes d'authentification transparentes qui soient respectueuses de la vie privée des utilisateurs tout en permettant leur intégration dans les systèmes actuels d'authentification.Dans le manuscrit de thèse, nous abordons ces deux questions en analysant tout d'abord les travaux existants sur la collecte des données permettant l'authentification sur téléphone mobile. Puis, une fois les données collectées, nous verrons les processus permettant la mise en place d'une authentification respectueuse de la vie privée. Enfin, nous évaluons concrètement ces méthodes d'authentification par la réalisation de prototypes à l'échelle industrielle. / In our daily life, the smartphone became an unavoidable tool to perform our common tasks.Accessing to online services from its mobile phone is an usual action.In order to authenticate to those services, that might be sensitive, the one and only protection is usually a password. Those passwords must be longer and longer to stay robust.This is a bigger constraint on mobile phones than on desktop computers.Other authentication solutions are dedicated to smartphones, like facial recognition on android and now Apple smartphones or the fingerprint that conquier new phones.To ease the authentication process, biometrics is more and more often used on mobile phones. In addition to the dedicated biometric sensors, it is also possible to use the phone environement to authenticate users.However, if authentication methods are becoming more and more transparent, it brings two questions:How to integrate those new methods within the actual authentication framework ?What is the impact of those new methods on users' privacy ?The main goal of the phD is to offers privacy compliant transparent authentication methods while integrating them in current authentication systems.In this document, we evaluates those two questions by first analyzing existing works on the data collection for transparent authentication on mobile phones. Then, once the data are collected, we will see wich process can enable the privacy protection. To conclude, we will evaluates concretly those solutions by building industrial prototypes.

As our understanding of ceramic processing methods for the purpose of fabricating polycrystalline optical materials has increased over the past few decades, the race is on to bring ceramic technology to markets where single crystalline materials have traditionally been used. One such market is scintillators. This Master’s thesis focuses specifically on a class of materials attractive for use as gamma-ray scintillators. These barium based halides can potentially be utilized in applications ranging from ionizing radiation detection in the field to high-energy physics experimentation. Barium bromide iodide and barium chloride single crystals have already showed high light yield, fast scintillation decay, and high energy resolution, all desirable properties for a scintillator. This work attempts to show the likelihood of moving towards polycrystalline scintillators to take advantage of the lower processing temperature, higher manufacturing output, and overall reduced cost. The experiments begin with identifying appropriate sintering conditions for hot pressed ceramics of BaBrI and BaCl2. Possible sources of optical loss in the first phase of hot pressed samples are investigated using a wide range of characterization tools. Preliminary luminescence and scintillation measurements are reported for a translucent sample of BaBrI. Recommendations are made to move toward highly transparent ceramics with scintillation properties approaching those measured in single crystal samples

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Most shading device systems installed in windows or glass walls are used only for protection from overheating and glare, neglecting other possible functions, such as increasing the daylight level in the space or collecting solar energy. The blinds are usually made of opaque or translucent materials, and if they are partially open/closed or completely closed, a direct view to the outside is blocked. A balance between a sufficient amount of daylight and protection from overheating of the space in summer is not often achieved due to inappropriate control of the blinds’ tilt angle. There is also a need for specific guidance for the selection and design of shading device systems in the windows. This research develops a general decision-making framework (DMF) that can be used by architects and manufacturers of shading devices. The general DMF is a guide for the user in analyzing shading device performance in the process of selection/design of the shading device. This research also develops a specific DMF to better understand and validate the general DMF. The specific DMF, based on illuminance and luminance, is used for an analysis of daylighting performance of shading devices to select the best possible existing system or new system among several alternatives. Architects or manufacturers of shading devices, as the users of the DMF, analyze various systems of blinds applied on a particular building and at a given location. The users of the DMF can apply either an experimental procedure or computer simulation that provides information about illuminance and luminance levels in the space. Based on the analysis of the results of the experiments or simulations, the user of the DMF decides which blinds to select. The specific DMF proposes a methodology for both the analysis of the daylighting performance and for the process for making a decision based on the results of the analysis. A case study is conducted in order to validate the DMF. Three types of shading devices are tested: an existing system, a patented system, and a new system, proposed by this research. The shading devices are installed in an office space located in Roanoke, Virginia. The software Autodesk VIZ 4 is used to simulate daylighting performance. The output information, such as illuminance and luminance levels in the space, is used as a basis for making the decision about which type of blinds to apply. A new system of shading device, which has a triangular cross section and is made of clear plastic with a silver coating on one side, shows better performance than the existing shading device and the patented shading device, given the research limitations. By using the specific decision-making framework, a shading device manufacturer/designer is able to understand the shading device daylighting performance from his design-imposed criteria. Selection of the shading device, given the designer's daylighting objectives, is better achieved. Existing shading devices are also able to be analyzed from a building designer's perspective. This analysis is based on the designer-imposed daylighting criteria. The specific decision-making framework helps the designers of the buildings, together with the clients, select the most appropriate shading device based on daylighting performance. The decision-making framework is a model for development of decision-making software that will help designers of buildings, facades, and shading device systems in the selection/design of shading device systems in all phases of the design. / Ph. D.