Th.--Méd.--Nancy 1, 1983. N°: 308.

Th.--Méd.--Nancy 1, 1984. N°: 88.

Organtransplantation erbjuds till patienter med livshotande organsvikt när det inte finns någon annan medicinsk eller kirurgisk behandling som kan förbättra tillståndet. Att motta ett organ är en livsförändrande upplevelse för en patient. Patienter och deras familj behöver vägledning, medkänsla och stöd från sjuksköterskor. Eftersom en transplantation är ett stort och avancerat kirurgiskt ingrepp behöver patienter omfattande omvårdnadsinsatser innan, under och efter ingreppet. Sjuksköterskans ansvar är att stödja patienter i denna process och därför är det av vikt att studera hur en transplantation upplevs av patienter. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva upplevelser av att vara patient i samband med en organtransplantation. Metoden var en litteraturstudie som bestod av tio resultatartiklar. Fyra teman framträdde i resultatet: Upplevelser av information, Upplevelser av stöd, Upplevelser av förlorad kontroll och Upplevelser av en andra chans i livet. Att genomgå en organtransplantation förändrar livet för patienter på många olika sätt. För att kunna hantera denna förändring krävs hjälp från sjukvården. Sjuksköterskor som jobbar med organtransplanterade patienter behöver större förståelse för denna patientgrupps situation för att bättre kunna bemöta deras behov. / Organ transplantation is offered to patients with a life-threatening illness when there is no other medical or surgical treatment that can improve their condition. To receive an organ is a life changing experience for a patient. Patients and their families need guidance, compassion and support from nurses. Since a transplantation is a large surgery, patients need nursing care before, under and after the surgery. In order to support patients in this process it is important for nurses to study how a transplant is experienced. The aim of the study was to describe experiences of being an organ transplant patient. The method was a literature study consisting ten articles. Four categories appeared in the result, Experiences of information, Experiences of support, Experiences of loss of control and Experiences of getting a second chance. To go through an organ transplantation is a life changing experience for a patient in many different ways. To be able to manage this, patients need help from healthcare teams. Nurses need to understand this patient group better in order to improve their care.

O estudo que se apresenta tem como objeto a Política de Transplante do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e as suas particularidades, visando captar as transformações que este vem sofrendo, especialmente na atualidade, quando se observa importantes transformações na Política de Saúde Brasileira e Estadual. As disputas entre os diferentes projetos de saúde na atualidade o Projeto Privatista e o Projeto de Reforma Sanitária - vem impactando na configuração da política pública de transplante. No caso do Rio de Janeiro, observa-se uma forte tendência de fortalecimento do Projeto Privatista com a criação do Programa Estadual de Transplantes. Repasse maior de recursos financeiros públicos em unidades privadas, a ampliação da oferta de transplantes através de parcerias privadas e a contratação de funcionários por contratos e outros vínculos que não garantem os direitos dos trabalhadores são as principais estratégias que foram adotadas pelo Estado do Rio. Identificar essas estratégias de privatização se torna essencial para a construção de respostas democráticas para combatê-las e fortalecer o SUS. / The study that is presented focuses the policy of the State of Transplantation Rio de Janeiro and its special features , aiming to capture the transformations that this is suffering , especially today , when we observe significant changes in the Brazilian and State Health Policy . Disputes between different health projects today - the privatizing Project and Project Health Reform - has impacted the setting of public policy transplantation. In the case of Rio de Janeiro, there is a strong trend towards the strengthening of the privatized project with the creation of the State Program of Transplantation. Greater transfer of public funds into private units , expanding the supply of transplants through private partnerships and hiring employees for contracts and other links that do not ensure workers' rights are the main strategies that have been adopted by the State of Rio identify these privatization strategies becomes essential for building democratic responses to combat them and strengthen the SUS

Orientador: César Tadeu Spadella / Resumo: Nas ressecções pancreáticas por pancreatite crônica, o pâncreas remanescente poderá sofrer novos surtos de pancreatite, em gravidade variável. Nas ressecções por tumores ou pancreatite, a mais comum complicação é a fístula pancreática, com suas conseqüentes morbidade e mortalidade. Nos transplantes pancreáticos, a drenagem da parte exócrina do enxerto para o intestino ou para a bexiga, além das peculiaridades técnicas da execução, não é isenta de diversas complicações. Visando evitar ou atenuar tais conseqüências e simplificar a técnica cirúrgica, têm sido usadas outras abordagens para o tratamento do coto/enxerto pancreático: drenagem livre das secreções com o ducto pancreático aberto, ligadura ductal e oclusão do ducto com polímeros. O propósito de nossa investigação foi estudar os efeitos clínicos, laboratoriais e histopatológicos destes procedimentos sobre os componentes endócrino e exócrino do pâncreas em coelhos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: After pancreatic ressections due to chronic pancreatitis the remnant pancreas can lead to new outbreaks of pancreatitis in variable degrees of severity. After the resections by tumors or pancreatitis, the most common complication are the pancreatic fistulas with their resultant morbidity and mortality. In the pancreas transplantation the bowel or bladder drainage of the exocrine part of the graft, beyond the technical peculiarities of the execution, is not exempt of several complications. In order to avoid or reduce such consequences and trying to simplify the surgical technique, there have been used other approaches for the treatment of the pancreatic stump/graft: free drainage of the secretions with the duct left open, ductal ligature and duct occlusion with polymers. The proposal of our investigation was to study the clinical, laboratorial and histopathological effects of these procedures in the endocrine and exocrine compounds of the rabbit pancreas... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below) / Doutor

Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are caused by defective lysosomal degradation of macromolecules resulting in accumulation of substrates in various tissues. This gradually leads to organ dysfunction and the classical clinical presentation with multisystem involvement. Historically the management of LSDs was confined to symptomatic treatment only. More recently other therapies have become available. Treatment options include cellular therapy in the form of Haemopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT), Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT), Substrate Reduction Therapy (SRT), Chaperone Mediated Therapy (CMT) and gene therapy. Whilst HSCT and ERT are established strategies in clinical practice for some LSDs, others are still in the development phase. The easy accessibility of ERT in the developed world (despite a high cost burden of approximately £144,000 per patient per annum in the UK), fewer risks associated with its administration and good metabolic and clinical outcome, have made ERT the treatment of choice for a number of LSDs. In recent years immune response has been identified as a significant factor in attenuating or nullifying the response to ERT. Despite recognition of this problem, there is a lack of reliable diagnostic tools to test and evaluate the antibody responses in the centres delivering ERT and far too little attention has been focused on development, optimisation and standardization of immune assays. In this project, IgG ELISA and two different functional enzyme inhibition assays (catalytic inhibition and cellular uptake inhibition) were developed and optimized. The immune response to ERT was then studied in recipients of ERT in MPSI, MPSVI and Pome disease. Our practice of delivering ERT in recipients of allogeneic HSCT prior to transplant provided us with an opportunity to study the immune response in MPSIH patients during ERT and following HSCT. We demonstrated functionally active antibodies in long term recipients of ERT in MPSI and Pompe disease. Allo-immune response in MPSVI did not inhibit the delivered enzyme therapy. A high titre inhibitory immune response was detected in the majority of MPSIH patients after exposure to ERT. This immune response was abrogated by allogeneic HSCT rendering these patients tolerant to replaced enzyme, confirming HSCT as an effective immune tolerance induction mechanism.

No description available.

Introdução: Imunidade inata é a primeira linha de defesa do hospedeiro contra microorganismos invasores, a qual é mediada por moléculas específicas que reconhecem patógenos, chamadas receptores toll-símile (TLRs). Os TLRs são também capazes de reconhecer ligantes endógenos, tais como conteúdos de células necróticas e proteínas de choque térmico (HSP), resultando na produção de citocinas e ativação do sistema imune adquirido. A função exata dos TLRs ainda é pouco entendida em transplante de órgãos. No entanto, tem sido sugerido que eles podem estar envolvidos na rejeição aguda ou crônica e atuar na resposta do enxerto a lesão por isquemia e reperfusão. Objetivo: Examinar as alterações na expressão gênica dos TLRs durante a fase inicial do transplante pulmonar em humanos e sua relação com citocinas potencialmente envolvidas na lesão por isquemia e reperfusão em transplante de órgãos. Métodos: Foram analisadas biópsias pulmonares de 14 pacientes submetidos a transplante pulmonar (LTx). Estas amostras foram coletadas no final do período de isquemia fria (TIF, n=14), no final do período de isquemia quente (TIQ, n=13),1 hora (n=12) e 2 horas (n=8) após a reperfusão do enxerto. RNA total foi isolado a partir de tecido pulmonar e os níveis de RNA mensageiro (mRNA) dos TLRs (1-10) bem como citocinas (IL-8, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-1β) e proteína de choque térmico 70 (HSP70) foram medidos por reação em cadeia pela polimerase em tempo real. Resultados: Foi detectada a expressão de mRNA de todos TLRs em tecido pulmonar. Nas amostras no TIF, os níveis de mRNA dos TLRs apresentaram-se com diferentes expressões gênicas. Os níveis de expressão dos TLRs, com exceção para o TLR3, estavam altamente correlacionados entre si no TIF e com os níveis de mRNA de IFN-γ, IL-10 e IL-1β e menos significativamente com os níveis de IL-6 e IL-8. Houve diminuição dos níveis de mRNA na grande maioria dos TLRs após reperfusão, o que foi diferente para a maioria das citocinas e HSP70, que apresentaram tendência a aumentar após transplante. A expressão gênica de TLR4 apresentou-se correlacionada com os níveis de IL-8 e IL-1β antes e após transplante (P<0.05). Pulmões de doadores que foram intubados por períodos acima de 72 horas (n=5) apresentaram níveis mais elevados de TLR2 e TLR10 (P<0.05). Conclusão: Pela primeira vez, foi demonstrado que a expressão dos TLRs altera-se durante o período de isquemia e reperfusão em transplante pulmonar em humanos. O tempo de intubação dos doadores pulmonares pode influenciar a expressão de receptores Toll-símile específicos. A correlação entre TLR4 e IL-8/IL-1β sugere que os TLRs pulmonares podem ter alguma função na resposta precoce do enxerto. / Introduction: Innate immunity is the first line of host defense against invading microorganisms, which is mediated by specific pathogen recognition molecules called Toll-like receptors (TLRs). TLRs can also recognize endogenous ligands, such as contents of necrotic cells and heat shock proteins (HSP), resulting in cytokine production and activation of adaptive immune system. The exact role of the Toll-like receptors and their signalling pathways is still poorly understood in organ transplantation. However, it is suggested that they may be involved in either chronic or acute organ rejection and may play a role in graft response to ischemia reperfusion injury. Objective: To examine the changes in gen expression of TLRs during the early phase of human lung transplantation and their relationship with cytokines potentially involved in ischemia reperfusion injury in organ transplantation. Methods: We analyzed lung biopsies from 14 patients submitted to lung transplantation (LTx). Biopsies were collected at the end of the cold ischemic time (CIT, n=14), end of warm ischemic time (WIT, n=13), and after 1h (n=12) and 2h (n=8) of reperfusion. Total RNA was isolated from lung tissues, and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of TLRs (TLR 1-10) as well as cytokines (IL-8, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ and IL-1β) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: We observed mRNA expression of all TLRs in lung tissue. In the CIT samples, TLR mRNAs levels were differentially expressed in donor samples. In the CIT samples, the expression levels of TLRs, except for TLR3, were highly correlated with each other and with mRNA levels of IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-1β, and less significantly correlated with IL-6 and IL-8. After reperfusion, expression of almost all TLR mRNAs decreased to lower levels what was different for most of the cytokines and HSP70, which trended to increase after LTx. TLR4 gen expression was closely correlated with IL-8 and IL-1β levels prior to and after LTX (P<0.01). Lungs from donors who were intubated longer than 72 h (n=5) expressed higher levels of TLR2 and TLR10 (P<0.05). Conclusion: For the first time, we showed that the expression of TLRs is altered during ischemia-reperfusion period of human lung transplantation. The donor length of intubation may influence the expression of specific TLRs. Correlation between TLR4 and IL-8/IL-1β suggests that pulmonary TLRs may play a role in early graft response.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-08-26. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-11T03:26:28Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 Publico-322.pdf: 393779 bytes, checksum: e3edd8a910aaf2a4ada36110dfd5e404 (MD5) / Introdução: As polimixinas são antimicrobianos antigos, e que caíram em desuso por muitos anos pelos relatos de toxicidade, principalmente nefrotoxicidade e neurotoxicidade. O surgimento de bactérias gram negativas multirresistentes em especial P aeruginosa e A baumanii em todo o mundo é uma realidade e temos observado seu crescimento em inquéritos epidemiológicos internacionais a partir dos anos 90. Não há estudos que demonstrem a taxa de disfunção renal nos pacientes transplantados pelo uso da polimixina, porém sabe-se que a função renal contribui de forma estatisticamente significante para a sobrevida dos receptores a longo prazo. Métodos: Foram levantados retrospectivamente os prontuários de todos os pacientes transplantados de órgãos sólidos, e que utilizaram polimixinas, durante o período janeiro 2001 a dezembro 2007 em 2 hospitais de ensino na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. O objetivo principal do estudo foi definir o percentual de nefrotoxicidade apresentado pelos pacientes. Com o objetivo de avaliar essa variável escolhemos 2 definições de toxicidade renal (critério 1 e critério 2) e as aplicamos em todos os pacientes estudados com o objetivo de compará-las entre si e com a literatura. Critério 1 foi definido como creatinina sérica > 2 mg/dl após introdução da polimixina em pacientes com disfunção renal aguda, ou aumento de 50% da creatinina sérica em relação aos valores pré-polimixina naqueles com disfunção renal prévia. Associa-se à definição em qualquer das 2 situações acima a diminuição do clearance de creatinina estimado pela metodologia de Cockcroft & Gault em 50%, ou evolução para terapia dialítica. Critério 2 foi definido como qualquer aumento de creatinina sérica. Resultados: Foram identificados 92 pacientes transplantados de órgãos sólidos que utilizaram polimixinas. Em sua maioria eram transplantados de rim, ou rim/pâncreas (90,2%), cujo enxerto foi recebido de doador falecido em 70,7% dos casos. O principal diagnóstico foi infecção do trato urinário (ITU) (41,3%), seguido de infecção do sítio cirúrgico (17,4%), e pneumonia (16,3%). P aeruginosa foi o agente etiológico mais freqüente, presente em 76,1% dos isolados. Houve cura microbiológica em 25 pacientes (100%), cura clínica de 71 pacientes (77,2%), e mortalidade hospitalar em 21 pacientes (22,8%). Quarenta e quatro pacientes (47,8%) apresentaram nefrotoxicidade por qualquer dos 2 critérios adotados, 30 pacientes (32,6%) pelo critério 1, e 44 pacientes (47,8%) pelo critério 2. A análise multivariada demonstrou associação estatisticamente significante entre ITU e proteção para nefrotoxicidade [p 0,02; OR 0,24; IC 95% (0,07 – 0,86)] e média de tempo de utilização da polimixina maior como fator de risco para disfunção renal [p 0,03; OR 1,06; IC 95% (1,0 – 1,13)] pelo critério 1. Conclusão: A taxa de disfunção renal de 32,6% ainda é alta, porém menor que as inicialmente descritas na década de 60 e 70. A utilização da polimixina é eficaz principalmente no tratamento de ITU em pacientes transplantados de órgãos sólidos. A utilização de polimixina deve ser realizada por menor tempo possível e, quando não existir outro antimicrobiano possível. / Introduction: Polymyxins are old antimicrobials which had their use discontinued for many years because of nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity description. The development of multirresistant gram negative bacteria in special P aeruginosa and A baumanii all over the world is a matter of fact and we have observed its growth in international epidemiologic surveys since the 90’s. Until now we don´t have studies that demonstrate renal dysfunction tax in transplanted patients because of polymyxin use, nevertheless we know that renal function contribute in a statistical significant manner for receptors survive in long term. Methods: We have retrospectively searched for all solid organ transplanted patients and who have used polymyxins from January 2001 to December 2007 in 2 teaching hospitals in São Paulo city, Brazil. The main study objective was to define the nephrotoxicity percentage. For evaluating this variable we choosed 2 renal function definitions (first criteria and second criteria) and applied them in all studied patients with the objective of comparing them each other and with the literature. First criteria was defined as serum creatinine > 2 mg/dl after polymyxin introduction in those patients with acute renal dysfunction, or 50% serum creatinine increase in relation to value before polymyxin was given in those patients with previous nephotoxicity. In both situations described above we also considered renal dysfunction if 50% decrease in estimated creatinine clearance by Cockcroft & Gault methodology occurred, or progression to dialysis therapy. Second criteria was defined as any serum creatinine increase. Results: We identified 92 solid organ transplanted patients who used polymyxins. The majority of them received renal or renal/pancreas grafts (90.2%), and the organs transplanted were from deceased donors in 70,7%. The main site of infection were urinary tract infection (UTI) (41.3%), followed by surgical site infection (SSI) (17.4%) and pneumonia (16.3%). P aeruginosa were the main etiologic agent present in 76.1% of isolates. Microbiologic cure occurred in 25 patients (100%), clinical cure in 71 patients (77.2%), and in hospital mortality occurred in 21 patients (22.8%). Fourty four patients (47.8%) presented nephrotoxicity according to any of the 2 adopted criteria, 30 patients (32.6%) according to the first criteria, and 44 patients (47.8%) according to the second criteria. Multivariate analysis show statistical significant association among UTI and protection for renal dysfunction [p 0.02; OR 0.24; IC 95% (0.07 – 0.86)], and greater mean polymyxin utilization time (p 0.03) as a risk factor for renal dysfunction by the first criteria. Conclusions: The 32.6% percentage of renal dysfunction is still high, but lower than that reported in the 60’s and 70’s. Polymyxin utilization is effective principally for the treatment of UTI in solid organ transplanted patients, its use should be judicious and for shorter time as possible. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

Multiple myeloma is an agressive hemato-oncological disease the diagnosis and treatment possibilities of which have been developing for the last 15 years. The diagnostic methods include flow cytometry which uses antigen detection to distinguish between pathological and physiological plasmocytes. One of the monitored markers is marker CD45 which could be, according to our monitoring, of a negative prognostic value. 71 patients in our group were divided according to the intensity of CD45 antigen expression and the group with a lower expression showed a statistically higher risk of relapse within 12 months 62% vs. 25 % (p=0,0011). We did not find any connection with the influences of induction therapy or cytogenetics which are otherwise considered the most important prognostic markers. Multiple myeloma treatment involves a lot of combined protocols; and the repeated autologous transplantation is still considered to be the most efficient. We observed more positive results in planning the second autologous transplant early in patients who reached just partial remission after the 1st autologous transplant - significantly better TFS (treatment free survival) and overall survival (OS) were in the group of patients with early tandem transplantation: 18 months vs. 10 months (p=0.04) and the OS median was not reached...