This thesis deals with the current legal regulation of post-penitentiary treatment. It is divided into six thematic areas. The opening chapter defines the concept of penitentiary and post-penitentiary treatment and the concept of resocialization. The second chapter contains an analysis of the legal arrangements for penitentiary treatment, including UN and Council of Europe activities in this area. Attention is also paid to a new way of differentiating sentenced prisoners. Description of the legislation of the treatment programs, including an enumeration of their standardized forms follows. The individual activities of the treatment programs are treated with an emphasis on work and educational activities. The last subchapter deals with the description of the release from imprisonment. The focus of the work lies in the third and fourth chapter dealing with post- penitentiary care and problems of released prisoners. The first sub-chapter focuses on the development of care for the released prisoners on the Czech territory from the collapse of Austro-Hungarian Empire to the present. The second subchapter analyzes the current form of providing post-penitentiary treatment in the form of social services and assistance in material need. The structure of providers, including a detailed analysis of the...

No presente trabalho foi operada uma unidade piloto de lodos ativados para o tratamento de esgoto doméstico, pré-tratado anaerobicamente em reator UASB, visando a remoção de nitrogênio e fósforo. O sistema piloto era constituído de reator anóxico, reator aeróbio e decantador. Os experimentos foram conduzidos mantendo a vazão afluente e de retorno de lodo em 50 L/h e a idade do lodo de aproximadamente 10 dias em todas as etapas. Para avaliar a remoção de fósforo foram realizados 4 experimentos com as seguintes condições operacionais: ETAPA 1) sem adição de cloreto férrico nem de polímero; ETAPA 2) adição de 80 mg/L de cloreto férrico e sem adição de polímero; ETAPA 3) adição de 80 mg/L de cloreto férrico e 1 mg/L de polímero catiônico de médio peso molecular; e ETAPA 4) adição de 150 mg/L de cloreto férrico e sem adição de polímero. Foi possível obter as seguintes conclusões: A) O sistema de lodos ativados, como pós-tratamento de efluentes de reatores anaeróbios não é eficiente na remoção de nitrogênio devido a pouca disponibilidade de matéria orgânica para os organismos que realizam a desnitrificação; B) Em se tratando da remoção de amônia, o sistema de lodos ativados se mostrou eficaz, foram alcançadas eficiências médias de remoção sempre acima de 95%; C) O uso de cloreto férrico para a remoção físico-química de fósforo mostrou-se eficaz somente para elevadas relações Fe/Ptot do afluente. As relações Fe/Ptot do afluente variaram de: 1,8 a 2,8 na ETAPA 2; 1,7 a 3,0 na ETAPA 3; e 4,9 a 7,1 na ETAPA 4. Com relações Fe/Ptot de 1,5 a 2,1:1 e 2,3 a 2,8:1 esperava-se alcançar remoções de fósforo da ordem de 85% e 95% respectivamente, o que não ocorreu. As eficiências de remoção de fósforo total variaram de: 53 a 74% na ETAPA 2; 65 a 73% na ETAPA 3; e 87 a 99% na ETAPA 4. Tal fato é explicado pelo sistema de mistura do reator aeróbio não ter sido capaz de promover o contato eficaz do coagulante com o fósforo. D) A aplicação de cloreto férrico reduziu a relação SSVTA/SSTA devido a formação de “lodo químico". As relações de SSVTA/SSTA variaram de: 0,62 a 0,75 na ETAPA 1; 0,45 a 0,70 na ETAPA 2; 0,48 a 0,61 na ETAPA 3; e 0,53 a 0,54 na ETAPA 4; e E) O sistema se mostrou eficiente na remoção de matéria orgânica. As eficiências de remoção de matéria orgânica, em termos de DQO total, variaram de 59 a 88% na ETAPA 1; 64 a 97% na ETAPA 2; 47 a 91% na ETAPA 3; e 62 a 79% na ETAPA 4. As eficiências médias de remoção de matéria orgânica considerando a DQO filtrada do efluente (desprezando assim o problema com a perda de sólidos) variaram de 74 a 86% na ETAPA 1; 78 a 97% na ETAPA 2; 82 a 96% na ETAPA 3; e 86 a 98% na ETAPA 4. / In this research work a pilot-scale, activated sludge plant was operated to treat the treated effluent of an anaerobic treatment system, in order to remove nitrogen and phosphorus. The pilot unit was composed of anoxic reactor, aerobic reactor and secondary settler. The experiments were carried out while keeping both the affluent and return sludge flow rates at 50 L/hr and the sludge age at about 10 days during all experimental phases. In order to assess phosphorus removal, four experiments or experimental phases were conducted under certain operational conditions: PHASE 1) without ferric chloride and without polymer addition; PHASE 2) ferric chloride addition (80 mg/L) and no polymer addition; PHASE 3) ferric chloride addition (80 mg/L) and polymer addition (1 mg/L of cationic, medium-sized molecular weight polymer); and PHASE 4) ferric chloride addition (150 mg/L) and no polymer addition. The following conclusions were obtained: A) The activated sludge system utilized to treat effluents from anaerobic reactors is not efficient to remove nitrogen, due to the lack of adequate concentrations of organic matter to the denitrifying microorganisms, B) Regarding ammonia removal the activated sludge system was effective, reaching average removal efficiencies always above 95 %, C) The utilization of ferric chloride for the physico-chemical removal of phosphorus presented good efficiencies for high Fe/Ptot ratios of the affluent to the treatment system. The Fe/Ptot ratios of the affluent to the treatment system varied from: 1,8 to 2,8 in phase 2; 1,7 to 3,0 in phase 3; and 4,9 to 7,1 in phase 4 of experiments. With ratios in the ranges of 1,5 to 2,1:1 and 2,3 to 2,8:1 one expected to obtain phosphorus removal levels around 85 % and 95 % respectively. That did not happen. The phosphorus removal efficiencies varied from: 53 to 74% in phase 2; 65 to 73% in phase 3; and 87 to 99% in phase 4 of experiments. Such facts can be explained by the fact that mixing in the aerobic reactor was not capable of providing adequate contact between the coagulant and the phosphorus, D) The application of ferric chloride reduced the VSS/TSS ratio in the aeration tank due to the formation of “chemical sludge". The VSS/TSS ratios varied from: 0,62 to 0,75 in phase1; 0,45 to 0,70 in phase 2; 0,48 to 0,61 in phase 3; and 0,53 to 0,54 in phase 4 of experiments and E) The treatment system presented good efficiencies of organic matter removal. The removal efficiencies (in terms of total COD) varied from: 59 to 88% in phase 1; 64 to 97% in phase 2; 41 to 91% in phase 3; and 62 to 79% in phase 4 of experiments. The removal efficiencies of organic matter in terms of the filtered effluent COD (thus discarding the problem of loss of solids) varied from: 74 to 86% in phase 1; 78 to 97% in phase 2; 82 to 96% in phase 3; and 86 to 98% in phase 4.

This is a qualitative study examining the experience of students currently enrolled in Steppin' Stone Farm, a residential treatment center in central Florida. In addition to building a more solid foundation of literature in this field, this study investigates at-risk teenage female residents' perceptions of educational experiences within a residential treatment environment. The relationship between formal, informal, and non-informal experiences, preferred learning strategies, and success patterns were explored. This phenomenological study utilized a lens of critical theory to understand the meaning of girls' educational experiences at a residential treatment center. The design includes studying 16 girls' formal, non-formal, and informal educational experiences as well as utilizing the Assessing the Learning Strategies of AdultS (ATLAS) tool to assess learning strategy preference. Results of the study determined student preceptions regarding various educational environments and learning strategies at a residential treatment center. Analysis of interviews and data collected led to many significant findings. Additionally, this study enhances knowledge in the field of residential treatment and has implications for those seeking residential treatment, working in residential treatment, and educators. Research in this field often focuses on outcome and effectiveness literature. This study provides insightful information incorporating the voice of students into the research. / by Krista D. Allison. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2012. / Includes bibliography. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / System requirements: Adobe Reader.

As doenças perimplantares (DPi) vêm sendo consideradas umas das maiores causas de perdas tardias de implantes dentários e nenhum dos tratamentos já propostos na literatura mostrou ser eficiente a ponto de se tornar a primeira escolha terapêutica. Considerando que a definição correta do tratamento depende invariavelmente do entendimento da etiopatogenia, ocorrências e diagnóstico das DPi, o objetivo da presente tese foi abordar as DPi através de uma ampla revisão dos seus conceitos e da apresentação de dados clínicos preliminares de três meses de um ensaio clínico controlado randomizado comparando os resultados dos tratamentos cirúrgico (C) e não cirúrgico (NC) da perimplantite. Foram incluídos implantes apresentando um ou mais sítios com profundidade de sondagem perimplantar (PSi) ≥ 5mm, com presença de sangramento submucoso (SSi) e/ou supuração e apresentando perda óssea radiográfica (PO) ≥ 3mm. O tratamento não cirúrgico incluiu debridamento mecânico com curetas de teflon e irrigação com solução salina, assim como o tratamento cirúrgico, com acesso por retalho mucoperiostal. Não foram utilizadas técnicas ressectivas e nem implantoplastia. A amostra foi randomizada de maneira estratificada para o hábito de fumar e a presente análise, de 3 meses de acompanhamento após o tratamento, se refere à amostra de 22 indivíduos (29 implantes), sendo 12 (17 implantes) no grupo C e 10 (12 implantes) no NC. No início do estudo não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos para variáveis demográficas e clínicas, exceto nas condições periodontais de índice de placa visível (IPV) (NC 22,3±14,08 / C 40,2±19,9) e sangramento a sondagem (NC 15,9±10,2 / C 31,8±15,9). Após três meses de tratamento, não houve desistências e, considerando o pior sítio do implante, os dois tratamentos reduziram significativamente as medidas de PSi (NC 5,8±0,27 para 4,3±0,55mm / C 5,9±0,29 para 5,0±0,28mm), os dois grupos apresentaram redução de SSi mas apenas no grupo C foi significativa, diminuindo de 100% para 53%. Não houve diferenças entre os níveis de perda de inserção clínica (PIi). Em uma análise multivariada para identificar os preditores de sucesso dos tratamentos, implantes com PSi basal > 6 mm apresentaram piores reduções de PSi, SSi e PIi, o histórico de periodontite dificultou a redução de PSi enquanto indivíduos com 5 ou mais implantes e reabilitados com próteses cimentadas apresentaram piores reduções de SSi. A taxa de sucesso dos tratamentos foi de 33% no grupo NC e 17% para o grupo C sem diferenças estatísticas. Conclui-se que ambos os tratamentos diminuíram sinais inflamatórios embora sem a demonstração de diferenças entre eles, e que preditores de risco ao sucesso do tratamento devem ser investigados. / Peri-implant diseases (PiD) have been considered the major causes of late loss of dental implants, and none of the proposed treatments in the literature demonstrated to be efficient to become the first therapeutic choice. Considering that the correct definition of treatment depends invariably on the understanding of the etiopathogenesis, occurrence and diagnosis of PiD, the aim of the present theses was to approach PiD through a 9oné99ono f its concepts and presenting preliminary clinical data of 3 months from a randomized controlled 9oné9 comparing surgical (ST) and non-surgical (NST) treatments of peri-implantitis. Implants presenting pocket depth (PD) ≥5mm and bleeding on probing (Bosshardt et al.) with radiographic bone loss ≥3 mm were included in the study. NST included mechanical debridement of the implant with Teflon curets and irrigation with saline solution, whereas ST included the debridement with mucoperiostal flap. Ressective surgery and implantoplasty were not applied. The sample was randomized by stratification according to smoking habit, and the present 3-months analysis after treatment referes to 22 individuals (29 implants), 12 (17 implants) in ST and 10 (12 implants) in the NST group. At basliene, no significant differences were observed between groups for demographic and clinical variables, except for periodontal conditions of teeth in regards to visible plaque (NST 22.3±14.08% and ST 40.2±19.9%) and BOP (NST 15.9±10.2% and ST 31.8±15.9%). After 3 months, there were no drop-outs and, considering the worst site of each implant, the two treatments reduced significantly mean PD (NST 5.8±0.27mm to 4.3±0.55mm and ST 5.9±0.29mm to 5.0±0.28mm. Both groups presented reduction in BOP, but only in the ST the reduction was significant, decreasing from 100% to 53%. There were no significant differences in clinical attachment loss after 3 months in the two groups. In a multivariable analysis to identify predictors of treatment success, implants with baseline PD >6mm presented lower reduction in PD over 3 months, as well as BOP and CAL. Previous history of periodontitis lead to higher PD and individuals with more then 5 implants and rehabilitated with bonded prosthesis had higher BOP over time. It can be concluded that both treatments reduced signs of inflammation although without significant differences between them, and baseline PD, number of implants, history of periodontitis and type of prosthetic fixation may be used as predictors of clinical outcomes of peri-implantitis treatment.

Department of Psychology. Bibliography : leaves 72-76.

The medico-scientific advances made in the treatment of HIV and AIDS, which emerged in the mid 1990s, were significant. The Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Treatments (HAART) or anti- HIV treatments have been positioned as resources that changed the way HIV is now medically and socially constructed. Although HIV remains incurable, it is now constructed as a chronic disease that is treatable, manageable and people are no longer positioned as living with a ‘death sentence’. The research on which this thesis is based explores the subjective lived experiences of people with HIV living in urban Australia in the context of this change. The effects that the treatments have had on corporeality have also changed the ways people are now living with HIV in the post-treatment era. It is an era in which treatments for HIV are taken-for-granted, but issues, doubts and concerns relating to treatment use are firmly embedded in the everyday life of people with HIV. The findings suggest that whilst AIDS-related mortality has decreased since the availability of effective treatments, the notion of ‘quality of life’, as subjectively constituted and defined, is an ongoing negotiation that is predicated on people locating meaningfulness in their everyday lives. Despite the decreased threat of failing health and death, the findings also suggest that people are continuing to be confronted by, and therefore positioned as, having to make sense of complex issues embedded in living with a disease for which there is no cure. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

<p>In this study have I examined how treatment of girls with neuropsychological impairments is functioning? I have looked at the theories and methods of treatment on the base of the care program and how it is put into practice. In addition I have interviewed four girls who have undergone the treatment program.</p><p>To gain perspective on institutional care as a social phenomenon, I have tried to give a brief historical retrospect in which particular care for women are described. I am also affecting certain gender aspects of institutional care. I have also tried to make a brief account of current research on the treatment.</p><p>The study is a qualitative study in which I am apart from literature studies used participant observation in depth interviews as a method.</p><p>My results indicate that a well structured treatment with CBT approach can work well to achieve lasting behavioural changes in students.</p>

Anxiety and depressive disorders are prevalent among youth and are often experienced concurrently or sequentially during development (Kroes et al., 2001; Costello, Erklani, & Angold, 2006). These disorders are also associated with weaker cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) outcomes when experienced simultaneously in youth (e.g. Berman, Weems, Silverman, & Kurtines, 2000). Treatment research has begun to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of treating comorbid emotional disorders using transdiagnostic treatment approaches (Barlow et al., 2010; Ehrenreich et al., 2008). Evidence from adult and adolescent populations indicates that these more broadly focused treatment programs may offer benefits above and beyond disorder- and domain-specific protocols, leading to improvements in diagnostic severity and emotion regulation across a range of disorders and emotions (Ellard, Fairholme, Boisseau, Farchione, & Barlow, 2010; Ehrenreich-May & Remmes, 2010). The current study extends transdiagnostic treatment research to school-age children, ages 7-12, in a mental health clinic setting by investigating preliminary post-treatment outcomes and treatment acceptability in a recent open trial (N enrolled= 16; N completed treatment=13) of the Emotion Detectives Treatment Protocol (EDTP; Ehrenreich-May & Laird, 2009). Results revealed that participants experienced significant improvements in clinical severity ratings of principal and all related diagnoses, as well as in parent reported anxious and parent and child reported depressive symptoms at the post-treatment assessment. Additionally, parents reported gains in child coping and improvements in dysregulation across emotional domains (including worry, sadness, and anger). The EDTP had good retention rates, moderately good attendance, and parents and children reported high levels of treatment satisfaction. The results of this open trial provide preliminary evidence for the utility and acceptability of a transdiagnostic group protocol to treat both clinical anxiety disorders, as well as self- and parent-reported anxious and depressive symptoms for youth within a mental health setting. These results suggest that children may uniquely benefit from a more generalized, emotion-focused treatment modality, such as the EDTP, that can offer flexibility in its treatment targets to families as well as mental health clinicians.

In this study have I examined how treatment of girls with neuropsychological impairments is functioning? I have looked at the theories and methods of treatment on the base of the care program and how it is put into practice. In addition I have interviewed four girls who have undergone the treatment program. To gain perspective on institutional care as a social phenomenon, I have tried to give a brief historical retrospect in which particular care for women are described. I am also affecting certain gender aspects of institutional care. I have also tried to make a brief account of current research on the treatment. The study is a qualitative study in which I am apart from literature studies used participant observation in depth interviews as a method. My results indicate that a well structured treatment with CBT approach can work well to achieve lasting behavioural changes in students.

M. Tech. Pharmaceutical Sciences / Bacteria are present in natural environments and can develop into biofilms. Mucus-like extracellular matrix produced by biofilms provides protection to biofilm formers by inhibiting antimicrobial penetration and de-activating antimicrobial molecules, while allowing strong attachment onto surfaces. Biofilm development is associated with otitis media and cystic fibrosis. In this study, selected biofilm-formers implicated in otitis media and cystic fibrosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Moraxella catarrhalis, were used to evaluate the effect of combinations of mucoactive substances and antibiotics against their biofilms. Microtiter-plate assay and optical density measurements were used to evaluate antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. Confocal scanning laser microscopy was used to visualise the effect of selected treatments against biofilms.