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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Estudo da impregnação a vácuo de trealose como crioprotetor em morangos

Kunsler, Nicole Luíse Froehlich January 2017 (has links)
Embora o congelamento apresente vantagens em relação a outros métodos de conservação de alimentos, o mesmo causa alterações sensoriais, principalmente em produtos de origem vegetal. O morango, uma fruta muito apreciada e com formas variadas de consumo, tem comportamento sazonal e apresenta como fator limitante para o congelamento sua estrutura frágil e sensível ao processo, o que causa alterações sensoriais. Tais alterações podem ser minimizadas com a incorporação de crioprotetores, como a trealose, um dissacarídeo que vem se destacando pelo seu efeito crioprotetor em produtos congelados e desidratados. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito crioprotetor da trealose incorporada através da impregnação a vácuo em soluções de diferentes concentrações (100, 300 e 500 g/L) em morangos submetidos ao congelamento e descongelamento. As condições de impregnação foram de 5 min, aplicando pressão de -650 mmHg e 10 min de tempo de relaxamento. As alterações provocadas pelo processo de impregnação bem como a verificação do efeito crioprotetor da trealose foram identificadas através de análise de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (High Performance Liquid Chromatography- HPLC), análise colorimétrica, análise de textura, determinação do teor de sólidos solúveis, determinação do teor de umidade e perda de massa (perda por gotejamento). Os resultados mostraram que a concentração da solução de trealose exerce influência significativa no teor de umidade, teor de sólidos solúveis e teor de trealose. As amostras tratadas com soluções mais concentradas não sofreram desidratação após descongelamento. O teor de trealose, após descongelamento, permaneceu constante em todas as amostras tratadas. Todas as amostras tiveram a mesma perda de massa após descongelamento (perda por gotejamento), porém a composição da massa diferiu entre elas. Amostras tratadas com a solução mais concentrada perderam sólidos enquanto que as amostras tratadas com a menos concentrada, perderam água. Na análise de textura, a introdução da trealose não influenciou a força máxima de pico nas amostras impregnadas. Após descongelamento, todas as amostras, exceto a tradada com solução de 500 g/L, sofreram amolecimento. A parte externa dos morangos não sofreu alterações de cor devido à introdução da trealose nem devido ao congelamento e descongelamento. Na parte interna dos frutos, ocorreram variações no parâmetro L* devido à impregnação e no parâmetro b*, devido ao congelamento e descongelamento. / Although freezing offers advantages to others food conservations process, it causes sensorial changes, mostly in vegetables products. The strawberry, a quite appreciated fruit, shows different ways of use, has seasonal behavior and is limited to freezing due the sensorial changes caused by its fragile structure to freezing process. These sensorial changes can be minimized by the incorporation of cryoprotectors, as trehalose, that is known by its cryoprotector effect during freezing and dehydration. The aim of this work was to verify the trehalose cryoprotector effect in frozen and thawed strawberries introduced by vacuum impregnation with different solutions (100, 300 and 500 g/L). The impregnation conditions were 5 min of applying pressure of -650 mmHg and after atmospheric pressure was restored, the sample was maintained within the solution for 10 min (these conditions were obtained from previous experiments). The alterations caused by the vacuum impregnation and the verification of the cryoprotector effect of trehalose were identified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), color analysis, texture analysis, soluble solids content, moisture content and drip loss. The results have shown that concentration of the trehalose solution had a significant influence on the moisture content, soluble solids and trehalose content of impregnated strawberries. The samples treated with more concentration solutions did not dehydrated after thawing. The trehalose content was the same in all treated samples after thawing. All the samples showed the same drip loss due to thawing although the composition of the mass was different among the samples. Samples treated with the most concentration solution lost trehalose while the sample treated with the least concentration solutions lost water. The introduction of trehalose did not affect the maximum peak force of the impregnated samples. The freezing and the thawing process caused the softening of the samples. This effect was not observed on the sample treated with solution of 500 g/L. The introduction of trehalose did not cause significant differences in all color parameters measured on the outside of the strawberries after impregnation and thawing. In the inside of the samples, there were variation in the L* parameter caused by the vacuum impregnations and in the b* parameter caused by the freezing and thawing process.
22

Estudo da impregnação a vácuo de trealose como crioprotetor em morangos

Kunsler, Nicole Luíse Froehlich January 2017 (has links)
Embora o congelamento apresente vantagens em relação a outros métodos de conservação de alimentos, o mesmo causa alterações sensoriais, principalmente em produtos de origem vegetal. O morango, uma fruta muito apreciada e com formas variadas de consumo, tem comportamento sazonal e apresenta como fator limitante para o congelamento sua estrutura frágil e sensível ao processo, o que causa alterações sensoriais. Tais alterações podem ser minimizadas com a incorporação de crioprotetores, como a trealose, um dissacarídeo que vem se destacando pelo seu efeito crioprotetor em produtos congelados e desidratados. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito crioprotetor da trealose incorporada através da impregnação a vácuo em soluções de diferentes concentrações (100, 300 e 500 g/L) em morangos submetidos ao congelamento e descongelamento. As condições de impregnação foram de 5 min, aplicando pressão de -650 mmHg e 10 min de tempo de relaxamento. As alterações provocadas pelo processo de impregnação bem como a verificação do efeito crioprotetor da trealose foram identificadas através de análise de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (High Performance Liquid Chromatography- HPLC), análise colorimétrica, análise de textura, determinação do teor de sólidos solúveis, determinação do teor de umidade e perda de massa (perda por gotejamento). Os resultados mostraram que a concentração da solução de trealose exerce influência significativa no teor de umidade, teor de sólidos solúveis e teor de trealose. As amostras tratadas com soluções mais concentradas não sofreram desidratação após descongelamento. O teor de trealose, após descongelamento, permaneceu constante em todas as amostras tratadas. Todas as amostras tiveram a mesma perda de massa após descongelamento (perda por gotejamento), porém a composição da massa diferiu entre elas. Amostras tratadas com a solução mais concentrada perderam sólidos enquanto que as amostras tratadas com a menos concentrada, perderam água. Na análise de textura, a introdução da trealose não influenciou a força máxima de pico nas amostras impregnadas. Após descongelamento, todas as amostras, exceto a tradada com solução de 500 g/L, sofreram amolecimento. A parte externa dos morangos não sofreu alterações de cor devido à introdução da trealose nem devido ao congelamento e descongelamento. Na parte interna dos frutos, ocorreram variações no parâmetro L* devido à impregnação e no parâmetro b*, devido ao congelamento e descongelamento. / Although freezing offers advantages to others food conservations process, it causes sensorial changes, mostly in vegetables products. The strawberry, a quite appreciated fruit, shows different ways of use, has seasonal behavior and is limited to freezing due the sensorial changes caused by its fragile structure to freezing process. These sensorial changes can be minimized by the incorporation of cryoprotectors, as trehalose, that is known by its cryoprotector effect during freezing and dehydration. The aim of this work was to verify the trehalose cryoprotector effect in frozen and thawed strawberries introduced by vacuum impregnation with different solutions (100, 300 and 500 g/L). The impregnation conditions were 5 min of applying pressure of -650 mmHg and after atmospheric pressure was restored, the sample was maintained within the solution for 10 min (these conditions were obtained from previous experiments). The alterations caused by the vacuum impregnation and the verification of the cryoprotector effect of trehalose were identified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), color analysis, texture analysis, soluble solids content, moisture content and drip loss. The results have shown that concentration of the trehalose solution had a significant influence on the moisture content, soluble solids and trehalose content of impregnated strawberries. The samples treated with more concentration solutions did not dehydrated after thawing. The trehalose content was the same in all treated samples after thawing. All the samples showed the same drip loss due to thawing although the composition of the mass was different among the samples. Samples treated with the most concentration solution lost trehalose while the sample treated with the least concentration solutions lost water. The introduction of trehalose did not affect the maximum peak force of the impregnated samples. The freezing and the thawing process caused the softening of the samples. This effect was not observed on the sample treated with solution of 500 g/L. The introduction of trehalose did not cause significant differences in all color parameters measured on the outside of the strawberries after impregnation and thawing. In the inside of the samples, there were variation in the L* parameter caused by the vacuum impregnations and in the b* parameter caused by the freezing and thawing process.
23

Papel da trealose no metabolismo de larvas de Pyrearinus termitilluminas (coleoptera: elateridae) sob estresse hídrico / The role o trehalose in the metabolism of Pyresrinus termitilluminas larvae (coleoptera: elateridae) under hidric stress

Moacir Aluisio Torres 07 November 2003 (has links)
Entre centenas de espécies brasileiras de pirilampos, o Pyrearinus termitilluminans é o único cujo ciclo de vida se passa integralmente nos cupinzeiros luminosos localizados no Brasil central claramente observados durante a estação das chuvas. A emissão de luz nos elaterídeos tem a função de atração de presas para a alimentação. A bioluminescência desses animais desaparece nos meses de seca juntamente com a nuvem de presas aladas. Assim, o metabolismo de trealose aqui estudado poderia prover informações sobre da capacidade da larva de sobreviver em ambientes edáficos. As concentrações de trealose e glicose são determinadas nos extratos de larvas com um sistema DIONEX® de cromatografia iônica. A trealase foi medida com 17 mM de trealose. O glicogênio foi estimado com uma amiloglicosidase. Paralelamente o estresse oxidativo associado com a restrição de água foi monitorado através da determinação do TBARS, juntamente com a catalase, glutationa peroxidase e glutationa redutase. Nas larvas submetidas ao ensaio na câmara climática (25% de umidade) a trealase (159,69±10,95 mU/animal) estava 80 vezes mais alta do que a do grupo controle (2,02±1,41mU/animal). As larvas sob estresse apresentaram distintos níveis de trealose e glicose (29,85±3,20 µmol/animal e 18,27±0,82 µmol/animal, respectivamente) quando comparadas com o grupo controle (64,61±1,54 µmol/animal e 2,16±0,11 µmol/animal, respectivamente). A elevação dos níveis das enzimas antioxidantes (4, 4,3 e 2,4 vezes respectivamente) com níveis invariáveis de TBARS apontam para a ação antioxidante contra a produção elevada de espécies reativas de oxigênio. Os insetos submetidos à restrição hídrica perderam aproximadamente 35% do peso. O aumento da atividade da trealase, com concomitante decréscimo dos níveis de trealose, sugerem que esse açúcar poderia ser usado como fonte hídrica. Entretanto, os níveis de glicose, 10 vezes mais elevados no grupo sob estresse poderia ser usado na via de biossíntese de trealose uma vez que os níveis de glicogênio estão diminuídos. As mudanças no metabolismo de trealose e o desbalanço no equilíbrio redox, poderiam fornecer importantes informações fisiológicas desses insetos sob estresse hídrico. / The life cycle of Pyrearinus termitilluminans (Coleoptera: Elateridae) takes place totally into the so-called luminous termite mounds located in Central Brazil, which are clearly observed during the rainy season. Light emission by the elaterid larvae acts like a trap attracting flying insects. The bioluminescence disappears in the dry months together with the food supply. The trehalose metabolism study described here could provide information about larva capacity to survive throughout hard climatic changes. Trehalose and glucose concentrations are determined in the larva extracts with a DIONEX® ion chromatography system. The trehalase activity was measured with 17 mM trehalose. The glycogen level was estimated with amyloglucosidase. In parallel oxidative stress associated to water deprivation was evaluated through determination of TBARS and the catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities. In larvae submitted to dryness in a growth chamber (25% humidity) we have found 80-fold higher trehalase activity (159.69±10.95 mU/animal) than in the control group raised under room conditions (2.02±1.41 mU/animal). Stressed larvae showed distinct trehalose and glucose contents (29.85±3.20 µmol/animal and 18.27±0.82 µmol/animal, respectively) when compared with the control group(64.61±1.54 µmol/animal and 2.16±0.11 µmol/animal, respectively), whereas the glycogen level was lower (11.53±2.01 mg/animal and 28.26±2.31 mg/animal, respectively). Elevation of the antioxidant enzyme levels (4-fold, 4.3-fold and 2.4-fold respectively) with maintenance of TBARS pointed to depletion to exacerbated production of reactive oxygen species. Insects submitted to water restriction lost about 35% wet weight. The observed increase of trehalase activity and concomitant decrease of trehalose level suggest that trehalose could be used as a metabolic water source. Moreover, the 10-fold higher glucose level in the stressed group could be used by the trehalose biosynthetic pathway as the glycogen level decreases in parallel. The trehalose metabolic and redox balance changes described here may shed light on the yet unknown physiological mechanisms of larval elaterid adaptation to water stress.
24

Alterações fisiológicas e de composição em Saccharomyces cerevisiae sob condições não proliferantes. / Physiological and composition changes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under non-proliferating conditions.

André Eduardo de Souza Belluco 28 August 2001 (has links)
As leveduras são de relevante importância dentro da agroindústria sucroalcooleira devido sua participação no processo fermentativo de produção de álcool. Deste modo, faz-se necessário o conhecimento deste agente fermentativo com destaque para Saccharomyces cerevisiae, principal gênero. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a linhagem de levedura S. cerevisiae Y904, exposta a condições não proliferantes, após fermentação em meio que sofreu adição de óleo vegetal e sua possível correlação com manutenção da viabilidade celular. Foram realizadas análises para contagem de unidades formadoras de colônias, viabilidade celular, concentração celular, nitrogênio total na levedura e no meio, carboidratos totais, trealose e glicogênio. As leveduras submetidas a condições não proliferantes apresentaram menores teores de carboidratos totais, com destaque para trealose e glicogênio, em relação às leveduras comerciais. Saccharomyces cerevisiae sofreu queda de viabilidade acentuada após 24 h em solução fisiológica, em condições não proliferantes, sob agitação de 90 rpm e temperatura de 30 ± 1°C, seguida de uma acentuada autólise a partir de 120 h (5°dia), provavelmente, devido ao teor de carboidratos de reserva da célula que se encontravam em valores extremamente baixos, da ordem de 0,15 mg de trealose em 100 mg da matéria seca e 4 mg de glicogênio em 100 mg da matéria seca. A partir desse ponto entraram em total desorganização celular. / Yeast is highly important in sugar and alcohol agroindustry due to its role in the fermentative process of alcohol production. Thus, it is necessary to know this microorganism, most specially the Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the main species. The objective of this work was to study the strain Y904 of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae under non-proliferating conditions after fermentation in a medium in which it was added vegetable oil and verify its possible correlation with the maintenance of the cellular viability. Analyses were performed in order to determine colony forming units, cellular viability, cellular concentration, total nitrogen in yeast and in medium, total carbohydrates and trehalose and glycogen contents. The yeast submitted to non-proliferating conditions presented a lower content of total carbohydrates, specially trehalose and glycogen, when compared to commercial yeasts. The viability of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y904 markedly decreased after 24 hours in physiological solution under non-proliferating conditions in a shaker for 90 rpm at 30 ± 1°C. It was observed an accentuated autolysis from the 120 th hour (5 th day) on. This was probably because of the very low content of the carbohydrates of reserve in the cells, 0.15 mg of trehalose and 4.0 mg of glycogen in 100 mg of dry weight. From this point the cells began a total cellular disorganization.
25

Quantitative Proteomics Reveals Remodeling of Protein Repertoire Across Life Phases of Daphnia pulex

Peshkin, Leonid, Boukhali, Myriam, Haas, Wilhelm, Kirschner, Marc W., Yampolsky, Lev Y. 01 December 2019 (has links)
Although the microcrustacean Daphnia is becoming an organism of choice for proteomic studies, protein expression across its life cycle have not been fully characterized. Proteomes of adult females, juveniles, asexually produced embryos, and the ephippia-resting stages containing sexually produced diapausing freezing- and desiccation-resistant embryos are analyzed. Overall, proteins with known molecular functions are more likely to be detected than proteins with no detectable orthology. Similarly, proteins with stronger gene model support in two independent genome assemblies can be detected, than those without such support. This suggests that the proteomics pipeline can be applied to verify hypothesized proteins, even given questionable reference gene models. In particular, upregulation of vitellogenins and downregulation of actins and myosins in embryos of both types, relative to juveniles and adults, and overrepresentation of cell-cycle related proteins in the developing embryos, relative to diapausing embryos and adults, are observed. Upregulation of small heat-shock proteins and peroxidases, as well as overrepresentation of stress-response proteins in the ephippium relative to the asexually produced non-diapausing embryos, is found. The ephippium also shows upregulation of three trehalose-synthesis proteins and downregulation of a trehalose hydrolase, consistent with the role of trehalose in protection against freezing and desiccation.
26

Structure and Dynamics of Proteins in Bio-protective Solvents

Ghatty Venkata Krishna, Pavan K. 05 October 2009 (has links)
No description available.
27

Long-Term Preservation of Short-Lived Photoproducts of Phytochromes at Room Temperature

Köhler, Lisa, Gärtner, Wolfgang, Matysik, Jörg, Song, Chen Song 28 August 2023 (has links)
Phytochromes (Phys) are biliproteins that regulate light responses in plants, fungi, and microorganisms through photoconversion between a dark state and a photoproduct. Thermal reversion of the photoproduct is an intrinsic property of all Phys, typically occurring on a timescale of seconds to days. Despite methodological advances, the structural and spectroscopic determination of short-lived photoproducts has proven challenging. We herein present an innovative approach for photoproduct stabilisation by incorporating the protein into trehalose glasses (TGs). The resulting Phy–trehalose matrices were investigated by UV/Vis absorption and solid-state NMR spectroscopies. Our results demonstrate that the TGs strongly inhibit thermal reversion of the incorporated Phy proteins for periods as long as several weeks at room temperature (RT), during which the proteins fully sustain their native structures and spectral and biochemical properties. This sample preparation approach is beneficial for revealing bona fide structure/ function relationships of short-lived photoproducts that are otherwise not accessible, thus paving the way towards a deeper molecular understanding of the diversified spectral properties of Phys. Our results also provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of trehalose bioprotection.
28

Glycomaterials as Non-Viral DNA Delivery Vectors: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Studies

Srinivasachari, Sathya January 2006 (has links)
No description available.
29

A facile preparation of trehalose analogues: 1,1-thiodisaccharides

Ribeiro Morais, Goreti, Humphrey, Andrew J., Falconer, Robert A. 21 March 2009 (has links)
No / The synthesis of 1,1-thiodisaccharide trehalose analogues in good to excellent yields by a Lewis acid (BF(3).Et(2)O)-catalysed coupling of sugar per-O-acetate with thiosugar is described. The reactivity of different sugar per-O-acetates and thiosugars is explored.
30

Screening bacterial strains for production of maltooligosyl trehalose trehalohydrolase and maltooligosyl trehalose synthase

Nguyen, Thi Hien Trang, Nguyen, Thi Thao, Le, Thanh Hoang, Nguyen, Thi Anh Tuyet, Nguyen, Manh Dat, Le, Duc Manh, Do, Thi Tuyen 16 January 2019 (has links)
Maltooligosyl trehalose synthase (MTSase, EC 5.4.99.15) catalyzes the synthesis of maltooligosyl trehalose by converting the of α (1 → 4) glucosidic linkages on the reducing ends of maltooligosaccharides to α (1 →1) glucosidic linkages. Maltooligosyl trehalose trehalohydrolase (MTHase, EC 3.2.1.141) catalyzes the release of trehalose by cleaving the α-1.4-glucosidic linkage next to the α-1.1-linked terminal disaccharide of maltooligosyl trehalose. Trehalose was synthesized from starch by the cooperative action of these two enzymes. Trehalose is of great interest in many industrial fields. Until now, many studies have been performed to develop effective methods of trehalose production. This research focused on screening strains bacteria were able to produce of trehalose from starch which is novel and economic method for trehalose production. We selected two strains that had MTSase and MTSase strong activity from ten strainsthat were isolated in Vietnam. / Maltooligosyl trehalose synthase (MTSase, EC 5.4.99.15) xúc tác cho phản ứng phân hủy maltooligosaccharide thành maltooligosyl trehalose bằng chuyển đổi glycosyl hóa nội phân tử sau đó maltooligosyl trehalose trehalohydrolase (MTHase, EC 3.2.1.141) thủy phân đặc hiệu maltooligosyl trehalose thành trehalose. Phương pháp sản xuất trehalose từ tinh bột bằng cách sử dụng MTSase và MTHase có tiềm năng ứng dụng trên quy mô lớn với một chi phí khả thi để có thể thương mại hóa sử dụng cho ngành công nghiệp thực phẩm. Trong nghiên cứu này chúng tôi sàng lọc khả năng sản xuất trehalose của 10 chủng vi khuẩn từ đó chọn ra hai chủng có hoạt tính MTSase và MTHase xúc tác cho phản ứng tạo trehalose từ tinh bột tan.

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