Bakalauro darbą „DRABUŽIŲ KOLEKCIJA „INterno“ sudaro teorinis aprašas, kūrybinė projektinė dalis – 18 drabužių ansamblių kolekcija ir du kompiuterinės spaudos ant audinio projektai, kūrybinė praktinė dalis – 4 pasiūti drabužių komplektai (3 – moterims, 1 – vyrams). Rudeninių drabužių kolekcija "INterno" yra skirta įmonei UAB "Vilko kailiniai" kaip pasiūlymas asortimento plėtimui, panaudojant įmonėje atliekamas kailio ir odos žaliavas, kurios šiuo metu yra sandėliuojamos. / The Bachelor Theses “Collection of Clothes “INterno”” consist of the theoretical description, creative project part – collection of 18 outfits and two plane-tables prepared with the help of computer, creative practical part – 4 tailored sets of clothes (3 for women, 1 for men). The collection of autumn clothes “INterno” is meant for the company UAB “Vilko kailiniai” as the suggestion to expand the assortment using the raw materials of fur and leather of the company, which are warehoused at present.

Natural fluctuations in the state of the environment can long conceal or distort important trends in the human impact on our ecosystems. Accordingly, there is increasing interest in statistical normalisation techniques that can clarify the anthropogenic effects by removing meteorologically driven fluctuations and other natural variation in time series of environmental quality data. This thesis shows that semi- and nonparametric regression methods can provide effective tools for applying such normalisation to collected data. In particular, it is demonstrated how monotonic regression can be utilised in this context. A new numerical algorithm for this type of regression can accommodate two or more discrete or continuous explanatory variables, which enables simultaneous estimation of a monotonic temporal trend and correction for one or more covariates that have a monotonic relationship with the response variable under consideration. To illustrate the method, a case study of mercury levels in fish is presented, using body length and weight as covariates. Semiparametric regression techniques enable trend analyses in which a nonparametric representation of temporal trends is combined with parametrically modelled corrections for covariates. Here, it is described how such models can be employed to extract trends from data collected over several seasons, and this procedure is exemplified by discussing how temporal trends in the load of nutrients carried by the Elbe River can be detected while adjusting for water discharge and other factors. In addition, it is shown how semiparametric models can be used for joint normalisation of several time series of data.

Background: Research points in different directions when looking at possible increases in mental health problems among adolescents. Findings in favor of an increase are questioned due to methodological problems. Aim: Investigating whether mental health problems among young adolescents are increasing over time in Europe and North America. If so, does the trend apply both to mean levels of symptoms and to the proportion of adolescents with substantial problems? Are the time-trends similar over sex and age-categories?                                                                                                    Method: A total of 401 089 adolescents from a total of 38 countries are included in the analysis. Based on the eight health variables on self-rated health provided by the HBSC study, a measurement of mental health problems was created using factor analysis in SPSS. Results: Increases of mental health problems were found in Europe and North America. Increases were found both in terms of mean levels of symptoms and to the proportion of adolescents with substantial problems. Increases were seen in all age groups and among both girls and boys. Conclusion: Reasons behind the discovered increases are not known and should be further investigated as extensive research point to severe consequences of mental health problems in adolescence for later life.       Key words   Adolescents, mental health problems, trends, self-reported health (SRH), psychological health complaints (PHC)

Latino youth experience factors unique to their own ethnicity, and it is partly these factors which play a significant role in their decision to engage in delinquent activity. Perpetual bias, criminalization, and punitive punishment at the hands of those with authoritative power also contribute to Latino youth’s decisions to engage in delinquent activity as a coping mechanism. Although trends in Latino youth crime have been decreasing and are presently at historic lows, an analysis of the factors that drive the respective trends will allow insight into creating policy suggestions to benefit the growing Latino community as a whole. Motivation to reduce trends in Latino youth crime primarily through a deep understanding of the culture include utilized its strengths to successfully rehabilitate and nurture at-risk youth. Implementation of community-based groups in at-risk neighborhoods should be the first step to laying the groundwork of reducing Latino youth crime.

The aim of this study was to assess the socio-demographic variations in nutritional habits and their trends over the last decade in Lithuanian adult population. Methods: Six health behaviour surveys were carried out within the international FINBALT HEALTH MONITOR project between 1994-2004. For every survey the national random sample of 3000 inhabitants aged 20-64 was taken from the National Population Register. The study material was collected through mailed questionnaires covering sociodemographic characteristics and some nutrition habits. Response rates ranged from 61.7% to 74.4%. Education was measured using five educational levels. The respondents were categorized into three groups: persons with incomplete secondary education (primary or incomplete secondary), secondary (secondary or vocational), and university education. The degree of urbanization was based on the administrative classification of the places of residence. The respondents were grouped as living in cities, towns, or villages. The effect of age, level of education, place of residence, and marital status upon nutritional habits was evaluated using multifactor logistic regression analysis that was carried out separately for men and women. Results: Positive trends in nutritional habits were observed between 1994-2004 in Lithuania. The diet of the Lithuanian population tended to become closer to the WHO recommendations for healthy nutrition. The intake of animal fat decreased. Almost a half of population replaced butter on bread by low fat margarine. The proportion of men using vegetable oil for cooking increased from 31.1% in 1994 to 82.6% in 2004, and the proportion of women – from 47.7% to 89.4, respectively. The consumption of fresh vegetables, fruit, and dark bread has increased. Although all social groups of the Lithuanian population have changed their diet, social differences in nutrition habits still remained significant. Women, highly educated persons and urban population have healthier diet than men, people with lower education and rural population. The odds ratio of using vegetable oil among men with university education was higher by 98% and among women – by 67% than that among persons with incomplete secondary education. The respondent with university education were more than twice as likely as low educated people to consume fresh fruits daily. The proportion of persons drinking whole milk was much higher in villages (OR 4.80 (CI 4.0-5.8) for men and 7.33 (CI 6.1-8.8) for women) compared to cities. Conclusions: Existing social differences in nutritional habits should be considered in the programs for the promotion of healthy nutrition and implementation of Lithuanian Food and Nutrition Action Plan development / <p>ISBN 91-7997-157-1</p>

Certain indicators are useful in examining the impact of health care restructuring on the population. Avoidable hospitalization rates are used as an indicator of access to primary care. The purpose of this study was to examine regional, temporal, and age-related trends in avoidable hospitalization rates among older adults during a decade of significant health care restructuring in British Columbia, 1991-2000. The specific objectives of this study were 1) to calculate avoidable hospitalization rates among older adults in British Columbia by regional health authority and health services delivery area, 2) to examine the extent to which avoidable hospitalization rates among older adults in each regional health authority and health service delivery area differ from the provincial avoidable hospitalization rate, and 3) to examine the temporal changes in avoidable hospitalization rates among older adults in British Columbia by regional health authority. Analyses draw on linked administrative health data from the province of British Columbia for the population of health system users age 55 and older. Analyses are stratified by age group (55 to 64, 65 to 74, and 75 and older) and regional health authority and health service delivery area. Age-sex standardized avoidable hospitalization rates for the years 1991 through 2000 were first calculated. Analysis of means for rate data were also undertaken to examine the extent to which avoidable hospitalization rates in each region differed from the provincial average. Additionally, joinpoint regression analyses of annual avoidable hospitalization rates were performed to examine temporal changes in the trends. Comparing the avoidable hospitalization rates observed in the health authorities and health service delivery areas to the avoidable hospitalization rates for the province revealed regional disparities, whereby the most rural and northern health authorities and health service delivery areas tended to have higher avoidable hospitalization rates. Joinpoint regression results showed significantly decreasing trends over time. The results also generally indicated that as age increased, so did the likelihood of encountering an avoidable hospitalization. This was consistent across geographical locations and time. The data suggest that access to primary care services may be problematic in several areas of the province, including northern British Columbia, and rural and remote areas. Although avoidable hospitalization rates decreased over time, it may be the case that health care restructuring initiatives in the 1990s have not completely addressed regional disparities in access to primary care. Additionally, the finding that the oldest adults tend to be more prone to an avoidable hospitalization is of concern. Policy efforts intended to reduce the overall number of avoidable hospitalizations should address the complexities associated with access to the primary care system.

Abstract: The use of earth observing satellites can be an effective supplement or alternative to traditional field sampling. The Landsat series of satellites have been particularity useful in assessing water quality in lakes, oceans, and reservoirs. This study utilized Landsat 5 and 7 imagery to model Secchi disk depth (SDD) and chlorophyll-a concentrations (Chl-a) at Lake Diefenbaker, Saskatchewan. I used data from these Landsat satellites to answer the following questions: First, can models that predict water quality (SDD and Chl-a concentration) be developed for Lake Diefenbaker using Landsat imagery? Second, can these models identify trends that have taken place at the reservoir from 1984-2012? Third, can I determine if ephemeral events like algal blooms or flooding have an effect on the reservoir? Novel models were developed from data collected in 2011 and 2012 that could predict SDD and Chl-a concentrations in the reservoir (linear regression, model I). These models explain less variation than comparable studies, but the loss in explanatory power is made up by their ability to predict data from any Landsat image of the reservoir. My study showed that predicted SDD and Chl-a concentration were positively related, an atypical relationship in freshwater systems. During the archive study period (1984-2012), both mean seasonal SDD and mean seasonal Chl-a have significantly decreased throughout the reservoir (p<0.05, regime-shift analysis). Spatially, the greatest decrease in SDD was closest to the major inflow the SSR, while downstream areas in the reservoir have decreased minimally. There was a decline in Chl-a concentrations that was spatially consistent throughout the reservoir. There was a significant negative relationship between flow rate and both water clarity and Chl-a concentrations (P<0.05, model II linear regression). Algal blooms occurred sporadically throughout the study period. There were blooms in 9% of images analyzed. Blooms typically occurred in the Qu’Appelle arm of the reservoir in the late summer and fall. The water quality data extracted by this study can be useful to many future studies, as historical data is absent for much of the reservoir’s history.

Darbo tikslas: Įvertinti Lietuvos gyventojų daržovių ir vaisių vartojimo įpročius ir jų ryšius su socialiniais ir gyvensenos veiksniais. Uždaviniai: Įvertinti Lietuvos gyventojų daržovių ir vaisių vartojimo įpročius ir jų pokyčius nuo 1996 m. Nustatyti daržovių ir vaisių vartojimo ryšius su socialiniais veiksniais. Nustatyti daržovių ir vaisių vartojimo sąsajas su gyvensenos veiksniais Tyrimo metodika. Analizuoti suaugusių Lietuvos žmonių gyvensenos tyrimų duomenys. Tyrimas vykdomas nuo 1994 m. kas antri metai. Tiriama atsitiktinė 3000 Lietuvos 20-64 m. gyventojų imtis, sudaryta iš gyventojų registro sąrašų. Vykdoma apklausa paštu. Per šešiolikos metų laikotarpį klausimyną užpildė 17161 žmogus (7361vyras ir 9800 moterų). Atsako dažnis - 53,8-74,4 proc. Klausimyną sudarė klausimai apie daržovių ir vaisių vartojimo dažnį, gyvensenos ir socialinius veiksnius. Rezultatai. Per keturiolika metų suaugusių Lietuvos gyventojų šviežių daržovių vartojimas padidėjo. Beveik kasdien valgančių šviežias daržoves vyrų dalis išaugo nuo 3,5 proc. 1996 m. iki 17 proc. 2010 m., o moterų – atitinkamai nuo 5,1 proc. iki 23,8 proc. Šviežių vaisių vartojimo dažnis padidėjo tik tarp moterų. Gyventojai, turintys aukštąjį išsilavinimą ir gyvenantys mieste, labiausiai padidino daržovių vartojimą. Didėjant amžiui didėjo daržovių ir vaisių vartojimo dažnis tarp moterų bei šviežių vaisių vartojimas tarp vyrų. Aukštojo išsilavinimo vyrai dažniau vartojo šviežias daržoves nei nebaigto vidurinio ar vidurinio... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Objectives: to evaluate vegetables and fruits consumption in Lithuanian adult population and trends since 1996; to assess the relationships between vegetables and fruits consumption and social factors; to evaluate associations of vegetables and fruits consumption with behavioural factors. Methods: The data from Health Behaviour Survey among Lithuanian adult population are presented. Since 1994 nine surveys have been carried out every second year. For every survey random sample of 3000 Lithuanians aged 20-64 was taken from the National Population Register. The study material was collected by mailed questionnaires. Altogether 17161 persons (7361men and 9800 women) participated in the surveys. Response rate varied from 53,8% to 74,4%. The survey instrument included the questions about fruits and vegetables consumption, social and behavioural factors. Results: Over 14-year period, the consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits has increased among Lithuanian adult population. In 1996, daily consumption of fresh vegetables was reported by 3.5% of men and 5.1% of women, while in the year 2010 this proportion was 17% in men and 23.8% in women. The positive changes in fresh fruits consumption were observed only in women. The largest increase in frequency of daily consumption of fresh vegetables was found among persons with university education and those living in cities. The proportion of women consuming fresh vegetables and fruits daily and the proportion of men consuming fresh... [to full text]

Darbo tikslas buvo įvertinti suaugusių Lietuvos gyventojų mitybos ypatumus ir ryšius su lipidų apykaitos sutrikimais 1987–2007 metais. Taikant standartizuotas epidemiologinių tyrimų metodikas, tirtos atsitiktinės penkių Lietuvos savivaldybių 25-64 m. gyventojų imtys. Įvertinus Lietuvos gyventojų maisto davinio sudėtį ir palyginus su Pasaulio sveikatos organizacijos ir Lietuvos sveikatos apsaugos ministerijos patvirtintomis rekomendacijomis, nustatytos svarbiausios gyventojų mitybos klaidos, į kurias būtina kreipti dėmesį planuojant lėtinių neinfekcinių ligų profilaktikos programas. Analizuojant Lietuvos gyventojų maisto davinio sudėtį, nustatytos maisto produktų grupės, iš kurių gaunama daugiausiai energijos ir maisto medžiagų. Nustatyti mitybos ryšiai su lipidų koncentracija kraujyje. Pirmą kartą įvertintas Lietuvos gyventojų mitybos pokyčių indėlis į lipidų koncentracijos kraujyje pokyčius per dvidešimt metų. Darbe pirmą kartą analizuojamos sąsajos tarp mitybos, apolipoproteino E genotipo ir lipidų koncentracijos kraujyje. Rasti ryšiai patvirtino, kad nesveika mityba gali didinti cholesterolio koncentraciją net ir esant sveikatai palankiam genotipui, todėl sveikai maitintis turi būti raginami visi gyventojai. / The aim of the study was to evaluate dietary intake of population in five Lithuanian regions and to assess the relationship between diet and dyslipidemias in 1987–2007. For each survey, a stratified independent random sample was drawn from the lists of the inhabitants aged 25–64 years. Food frequency questionnaire and 24-h recall was used for dietary assessment. The diet of Lithuanian adult population did not meet the recommendations for healthy nutrition. It was characterized by high intake of fat, especially saturated, cholesterol, and sugars. The food groups, which are the main sources of energy and nutrients in the diet of Lithuanians, were indentified. The association between dietary pattern and serum lipid profile was assessed. For the first time in Lithuania, the contribution of dietary changes on the changes of serum total cholesterol over 20 years was evaluated. This is the first study, which assessed the association of apolipoprotein E genotype, saturated fatty acids intake and lipid level in Lithuanian population. Analysis of gene-diet interaction did not confirm that effects of diet on total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol statistically significant depend on APOE genotype.

The purpose of this study was to analyze geometry problems in a widely used sixth-, seventh-, and eighth-grade Turkish elementary mathematics textbooks series based on the cognitive assessment frameworks of the most recent TIMSS, the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study 2003. To compare geometry problems in the textbooks and TIMSS 1999, in which Turkish students poorly performed, the cognitive behaviors that the problems required were determined and categorized. After the analysis, it was found that the two most frequent behaviors that the problems require are computing and applying with a total percentage of 72, in case of the textbooks. In TIMSS 1999 geometry problems case, however, applying and analyzing are the most frequent cognitive behaviors with a total percentage of 47. It was also found that a great majority of 22 behaviors of the framework were either not represented or underrepresented by the textbooks geometry problems. When we consider the four major categories of behaviors, 86 percent of the textbooks geometry problems required behaviors belong to two cognitive domains: Knowing Facts and Procedures or Solving Routine Problems. TIMSS 1999 geometry problems, however, mostly belong to Solving Routine Problems or Reasoning with a percentage of 65. In both the textbooks and TIMSS 1999 cases, a relatively small part of the problems required behaviors belong to Using Concepts. The results are discussed in the light of Turkey&amp / #8217 / s performance in TIMSS 1999 and some suggestions related to the textbook problems were given.