La littérature française médiévale a puisé aux sources celtiques et occitanes pour donner naissance aux romans courtois.D’autre part, la plupart des chansons de geste en langue d’oïl sont localisées en Occitanie et certaines d’entre elles ont puexister en occitan. Or, certains des héros de ces chansons sont Bretons. Les écrivains du 12ème siècle et leurs mécènes ont-ils rapproché deux mondes jusque-là distincts, le monde celtique et le monde occitan ? Ou bien les contacts ont-ils été directs et plus anciens ? La Bretagne continentale a-telle été un intermédiaire entre le Nord et le Sud ? Entre les pays celtiques et occitans ? L’étude s’appuiera dans sa première partie sur l’arrière-plan historique des relations culturelles entre Bretagne et Aquitaine : relations politiques, commerciales et religieuses depuis l’Antiquité jusqu’au 13ème siècle. La seconde partie sera consacrée aux relations littéraires autour de deux axes principaux : la Matière de Bretagne en Aquitaine et la présence des héros bretons dans les chansons de geste relatives à l’épopée occitane / Medieval French literature drew on Celtic and Occitan sources to give birth to courtly romances. On the other hand, mostof the chansons de geste in Oïl language are located in Occitania and some of them have existed in Occitan language.However, some of the heroes of these songs are Bretons. Did the writers of the 12th century and their patrons bringtogether two worlds hitherto separate, the Celtic world and the Occitan world? Or contacts were direct and older? WasBrittany a staging post between the North and the South; between the Celtic countries and the Occitan lands? The first part of this study will deal with the historical background of cultural connections between Brittany and Auitaine: political, commercial and religious connections from antiquity to the 13th century. The second part will be devoted to literary connections around two main axes: the Matter of Britain in Aquitaine and the presence of Breton heroes in the chansons de geste related to the Occitan epic

Marc Ashley Foster's thesis (D.M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2005. / Title from PDF title page screen. Includes bibliographical references (p. 128-130)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1961. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

There have historically been numerous connections between the way that medieval Iberian Muslims conceptualized love, lust, and desire and the ways in which Western Europeans have expressed those same concepts, especially as potentially derived from the literary genre of the muwashshah, a particular form of (primarily) medieval Hispano-Arabic poetry. Specifically, the muwashshah and its particular expression(s) of romantic love have helped in causing a series of paradigm shifts (with a definition borrowed from Kuhn to apply to the humanities) within Western ideology. This thesis focuses on the transformative effect of such Hispano-Arabic poetry within Western culture, as well as its connections with the following: Greco-Roman concepts of poetics, earlier Arabic poetry, and post-Hispano-Arabic Arabic poetry. It explores the concept of intersectionality within Hispano-Arabic culture, demonstrating how Hispano-Arabic sources may have influenced European interpretations of romantic relationships as well as how the muwashshah survived within an Arabic context. While mostly existing as a substratum within European culture, the muwashshah has had lasting influence upon European culture. The domains of love and desire provide a particularly apt example, as they involve not simply technology (civilian or military) but demonstrate the origin of a distinct change in the expression of emotion within European culture. At a fundamental level, Western Europe has adopted some of these Hispano-Arabic (as derived from a Muslim viewpoint) values. Regardless of further conflict between Europeans and Muslim cultures, they share parts of a common heritage, expressed differently, but with partial derivations, large or small, from a single source. Such exploration demonstrates the deep interconnectedness of what has heretofore been considered a separated, solely Western (Christian) European culture and that of the Islamic world, derived from one of the original points of intersection between Muslim culture and Western Christian culture, as well as how Arabic culture addressed its outliers.

In the twelfth and thirteenth centuries women troubadours in southern France called trobairitz participated in dialogue or debate poems called tensons with male troubadours. Of the nine existing tensons that include a male and a female voice, we will only analyze five tensons with the known identities of both the trobairitz and the troubadour that debate the subject of love, and we will include the following trobairitz tensons in this paper: Alamanda, Isabella, Garsenda, Lombarda and Maria de Ventadorn. We will discuss the thematic elements these five tensons share. Scholars such as Pierre Bec, Peter Dronke and Katharina Wilson note trobairitz' themes vary from those of traditional male troubadours. Troubadours concentrate on the outward or social manifestations of the courtly love game and values, yet trobairitz focus on the intimate, private pleasures of love by deviating from generally accepted courtly love conventions and social behaviors. Since the subject of love is debated in these five tensons, the personal character in these tensons alludes to the trobairitz's life—circumstances and incidents. A trobairitz's personal character is also illustrated in the tenson by her willingness to show personal qualities about a love relationship and as Deborah Perkal-Balinsky calls it "a willingness to deviate from accepted social behavior or perhaps the rules of the game, in an effort to attain the intimate pleasures in a love relationship" (46). The tensons discussed provide valuable information about trobairitz and courtly love—the publicly displayed values of honor, valor and mercy. At times, trobairitz solicit love by revolting against the courtly love rules to win a man. In courtly love tensons, trobairitz use the literary style, courtly vocabulary and courtly values to express both their support and criticism for the system. Through the use of courtly vocabulary, trobairitz conform to the styles developed by troubadours, yet when trobairitz write as female lovers and poets, they also discard the conventions set forth by troubadours, since they are not male lovers and poets. In each tenson the literary mode is man-in-society, and the theme centers around love"”either the praise of it or the blame from lack thereof or both (Hagen 27). In each of the five tensons, there are three common threads in the trobairitz love relationships: (1) in each tenson we see the personal character of the trobairitz; (2) we see them deviate from the accepted social behavior or the rules of the game; and (3) we witness that the trobairitz are usually unhappy with their love relationships. We will examine each tenson individually regarding these three aspects.

Ford often wrote about virtuous gentlemen ruined by the modern society he saw developing around him. While Ford Madox Ford was writing The Good Soldier, ther was a sense of displacement in England and the class system was starting to crumble. Edward Ashburnham, one of the two male protagonists in The Good Soldier, is described as a Chevalier Bayard and there are definitely some similarities between Ashburnham and Bayard. For instance, both men lived during periods of great societal change and both faithfully served their countries. However, the feudal lifestyle that was appropriate for Bayard in the fifteenth-century is unavailable to Ashburnham in the twentieth-century. In The Good Soldier, Ford used the old ideals of chivalry and courtly love codes to produce a character, Edward Ashburnham, who represents the loss of traditional values in a modern society.

Mémoire en recherche-création / La poésie lyrique en langue romane, également connue comme lyrique courtoise, est un genre littéraire qui se développe dans les cours aristocratiques du sud de la France, entre les XIIe et XIIIe siècles, sous la plume des troubadours. Ces hommes et seigneurs féodaux issus des cours méridionales composent des textes lyriques, voués à la performance orale, en langue occitane (aussi connue comme langue d’oc), à partir d’un art de composition dont ils sont les inventeurs : le trobar (« art de trouver »). Dans leurs compositions, un thème récurrent concerne une conception particulière du sentiment amoureux dans les rapports socio-érotiques entre les sexes : la fin’amors (« véritable amour »). Alors que le trobar a fait l’objet d’études structurelles et formelles, des approches sociologiques, ethnologiques et même psychologiques ont tenté de comprendre les origines et le fonctionnement de la fin’amors comme idéologie et système culturel. Suivant les études psychologiques, notre projet souhaite considérer la fin’amors comme un chemin d’initiation masculine, hypothèse que nous explorons au moyen de deux dispositifs, l’un critique (l’essai), l’autre narratif (la création). L’essai prend ainsi pour objet d’étude les textes des troubadours Bernart de Ventadorn et Jaufre Rudel, et s’intéresse à certains de leurs thèmes poétiques qui manifestent des dimensions subjectives, spirituelles et genrées, encore problématiques pour la critique, notamment : la nature du joy, les rites de l’asag et de la mort-par-amour chez Bernart, ainsi que la dame lointaine de Jaufre. À travers le filtre d’un cadre théorique tripartite, notre analyse œuvre à réinterpréter et resignifier ces motifs pour pouvoir les exploiter dans notre création littéraire : la Canczon de Virès (« la Chanson de Virès »). Œuvre romanesque et dramatique, vouée à une mise en scène, elle investit l’architecture des chansons de geste pour explorer notre hypothèse de départ et interroger les problématiques liées à l’oralité des textes poétiques. La Canczon chante ainsi le récit épique de huit jeunes hommes dans un village fictif du Midi qui, guidés par les esprits de huit troubadours, traversent des épreuves fantastiques pour atteindre une nouvelle maturité. Cette démarche s’inscrit dans le Mouvement Mythopoïétique Masculiniste du poète Robert Bly, et dans le cadre théorique de la psychologie analytique (Jung, 1981 ; Moore et Gillette, 1990, 1993) et de la mythocritique (Eliade, 1959 ; Campbell, 2008). / Romance language lyric poetry, also known as courtly lyric, is a literary genre that was developed in the aristocratic courts of southern France, between the 12th and 13th centuries, by the troubadour poets. These feudal lords from the southern courts composed lyrical texts, meant to be sung in public, in the Occitan language (also known as langue d’oc), through a poetic art: the trobar (“art of finding”). A recurring theme in their texts touches on a particular conception of love between men and women: fin’amors (“true love”). While the trobar has been subject to structural and formal studies, sociological, ethnological and even psychological approaches have attempted to understand the origins and functions of fin’amors as a cultural system. Our aim in this project is to reconsider fin’amors as a male initiation path; we will explore this hypothesis through a critical (the essay) and a narrative (the creation) device. The essay centers around the texts of troubadours Bernart de Ventadorn and Jaufre Rudel, and focuses on certain poetic themes which manifest subjective, spiritual and gendered dimensions – that remain problematic for research –, such as: the nature of the joy feeling, the asag and death-for-love rituals in Bernart’s poetry, as well as Jaufre’s distant lady. Through the lense of a theoretical framework, our analysis proposes a reinterpretation of these motifs in order to exploit them in our literary creation: the Canczon de Virès (“the Song of Virès”). This dramatic work, meant to be staged, borrows the architecture of the great French epic poems to explore our hypothesis and question the lyric texts’ oral dimension. Thus, the Canczon sings the epic tale of eight young men in a fictional southern French village who, under the guidance of eight troubadours’ spirits, undergoe fantastic trials to reach a new form of maturity. Our approach draws on Robert Bly’s Mythopoietic Men’s Movement, as well as the theoretical framework of analytical psychology (Jung, 1981; Moore and Gillette, 1990, 1993) and mythocriticism (Eliade, 1959; Campbell, 2008).

Esta dissertação, seguindo os preceitos teóricos da Estética da Recepção de Hans Robert Jauss, aborda a proximidade que pode existir entre as produções literárias de períodos distintos por efeito de sua recepção em épocas diversas. Em um primeiro momento, foi necessário conhecer, recorrendo principalmente às pesquisas de Paul Zumthor, a tradição poético-musical predominante na Idade Média. O foco central deste estudo, em relação ao período medieval, corresponde às sete cantigas de amigo do jogral Martim Codax. As conquistas do século XX, em relação ao passado medieval, não se limita ao plano filológico e musical. O trabalho desempenhado por poetas, como Ezra Pound e T.S. Eliot, que se propuseram a recuperar certos valores medievais na poética modernista trouxe à tona uma recuperação criativa, diversa de se imitar o passado, mas disposta a renová-lo. Tal aproximação criativa entre presente e passado também foi alvo de estudo de Mikhail Bakhtin, cujas ideias muito contribuíram para esta pesquisa. Foram vários os escritores modernistas que de alguma forma resgataram marcas de uma tradição possível de ser recuperada. Este retorno ocorreu em diferentes países, contemplando poetas de nacionalidades distintas. O intuito principal, entretanto, foi o de perceber as provas de contato entre as cantigas de Martim Codax e a poesia modernista. Examinamos a recepção criativa de dois poetas contemporâneos: Adília Lopes e Duda Machado e, em maior profundidade, a recepção realizada por Mário de Andrade no livro Lira Paulistana. / This research, following the theoretical principles of the Aesthetic of Reception by Hans Robert Jauss, addresses the relationship that may exist between the literary productions of different periods, the effect of its readings at different times. At first, it was necessary to know the research of Paul Zumthor, the poetic-musical tradition prevalent in the Middle Ages. The focus of this study, concerning the medieval period, is on the seven cantigas de amigo of Martin Codax. The achievements of the twentieth century from the medieval past are not limited to philological and musical background. The work performed by poets such as Ezra Pound and TS Eliot, who proposed to retrieve certain values in medieval modernist poetry, brought about a creative recovery, different from imitating the past, but willing to renew it. This creative approach between past and present was also studied by Mikhail Bakhtin, whose ideas contributed greatly to this research. Several modernist writers who somehow rescued marks of this tradition showed that it can be recovered. Such rereading occurred in several countries, including poets of different nationalities. The main purpose of this work, however, was to see the evidence of contact between the songs of Martin Codax and modernist poetry. We examine the creative reception of contemporary poets: Adília Lopes and Duda Machado, and further, the reception hosted by Mário de Andrade in the book Lira Paulistana

Thesis (doctoral)--Université de Poitiers, 2004. / "Université de Poitiers, Faculté des Lettres et des Langues, Centre d'Etudes Supérieures de Civilisation Médiévale." Includes bibliographical references (p. 233-257) and index.

Thesis (doctoral)--Université de Poitiers, 2004. / "Université de Poitiers, Faculté des Lettres et des Langues, Centre d'Etudes Supérieures de Civilisation Médiévale." Includes bibliographical references (p. 233-257) and index.