Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2016-06-08T13:42:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Gabriela Mendes Campos.pdf: 565200 bytes, checksum: 2f035548ac685666e617606f58f5c1e4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-08T13:42:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gabriela Mendes Campos.pdf: 565200 bytes, checksum: 2f035548ac685666e617606f58f5c1e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This study aims to analyze the morphology of the celiac trunk of sloth. To this end, four adult sloths, three females and one male, the Bradypus variegatus species belonging to the area of Anatomy, Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (DMFA / UFRPE) were used. The four specimens were obtained after natural death and formolized injected with Neoprene latex 650 (DuPont®), with red from cannulation of the common carotid artery pigment. Later, they were dissected for analysis of stem celiac, which was measured. Based on morphometric data obtained at a range of 0.06 to 0,46mm the trunk diameter of 0.04 to 1.3 mm for the length of the trunk and 2.88 to 5.7mm distance between trunk and the diaphragm. Observing the wide variation in the branching of the aorta to the celiac trunk-level, the cranial mesenteric artery or the celiac-mesenteric trunk. Since, each animal of the various classifications of domestic to wild animals have peculiar anatomical features. Is therefore necessary to study and compared between species in order to detail their similarities and differences. Notably, the current species of sloth have numerous relatively old anatomical and functional characteristics. Its branching from the aorta can be celiac trunk mesenteric, celiac arteries, and when emerging from the cranial mesenteric aorta on a common core, or they may be derived separately. The celiac and cranial mesenteric artery abdominal blood vessels are of great importance in terms of vascularization as supplying important viscera, liver, stomach, intestines, spleen and pancreas, its branches, so can be left gastric artery, hepatic and splenic (or spleen), typically having other types of branching within the same species. From the point of view phylogenetic these characteristics are quite specialized and standards that differ from those usually found in most mammals. However, the consultations revealed a deficiency in literature studies about morphology in these animals, especially in relation to the cardiovascular system. In view of this, the characterization and detail of one of the parts of this vast system contributes significantly in the understanding of anatomy and physiological functioning of organs irrigated by the celiac trunk, the sloth. / Este trabalho tem por finalidade analisar a morfologia do tronco celíaco do bicho-preguiça. Para tal, foram utilizadas quatro bichos-preguiça adultos, três fêmeas e um macho, da espécie Bradypus variegatus pertencentes à Área de Anatomia do Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (DMFA/UFRPE). As quatro espécimes foram obtidas após morte natural, formolizadas e receberam injeção de latéx Neoprene 650 (DuPont®), com pigmento vermelho a partir da canulação da artéria carótida comum. Posteriormente, foram dissecadas para análise do tronco-celíaco, que foi mensurado. Com base nos dados morfométricos obteve-se uma variação de 0,06 a 0,46mm para o diâmetro do tronco, de 0,04 a 1,3mm para o comprimento do tronco e de 2,88 a 5,7mm para distância entre o tronco e o diafragma. Observando-se a grande variação com relação à ramificação da artéria aorta ao nível do tronco-celíaco, da artéria mesentérica cranial ou do tronco celíaco-mesentérico. Visto que, cada animal das mais diversas classificações de animais domésticos às silvestres possuem características anatômicas peculiares. Sendo, portanto, necessária à comparação e estudo entre as espécies, de forma a detalhar as suas semelhanças e diferenças. Notavelmente, as espécies atuais do bicho-preguiça possuem inúmeras características anatômicas e funcionais relativamente antigas. A sua ramificação a partir da aorta pode ser o tronco celíaco mesentérico, quando as artérias celíaca e mesentérica cranial emergem da artéria aorta em um tronco comum, ou elas podem se originar separadamente. O tronco celíaco e a artéria mesentérica cranial são vasos sanguíneos abdominais de grande relevância em termos de vascularização, pois irrigam vísceras importantes, como fígado, estômago, intestinos, baço e pâncreas, seus ramos, portanto, podem ser artérias gástrica esquerda, hepática e lienal (ou esplênica), normalmente, havendo outras formas de ramificação dentro da mesma espécie. Do ponto de vista filogenético, essas características são bastante especializadas, e que diferem dos padrões normalmente encontrados na maioria dos mamíferos. No entanto, consultas à literatura revelaram uma deficiência em trabalhos que abordem aspectos morfológicos nestes animais, sobretudo no que tange ao sistema cardiovascular. À vista disso, a caracterização e detalhamento de uma das partes deste vasto sistema contribui de forma significativa na compreensão da anatomia e funcionamento fisiológico, de órgãos irrigados pelo tronco celíaco, do bicho preguiça.

Submitted by MARCIA ROVADOSCHI (marciar@unifra.br) on 2018-08-20T14:05:23Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_AnneDesconsiHasselmannBettin.pdf: 6830368 bytes, checksum: 4712e0aa466d9547485849c71a6c27de (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T14:05:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_AnneDesconsiHasselmannBettin.pdf: 6830368 bytes, checksum: 4712e0aa466d9547485849c71a6c27de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-16 / The present work is the result of a research done with students of the third year at Polytechnic High School, a public state school. The aim of this research was to analyze the contents of pyramids through a generative problem, in order to analyze the mobilization of the Semiotic Representation Registers from the trunk of the pyramid with the use of 3D Geogebra. It emphasizes its qualitative and exploratory character, searching for relevant information through the analysis of the students' registers, both in the paper and in the use of Geogebra 3D software, in which mathematical concepts were represented in different forms of representation of the same mathematical object. The research was based on Duval's Registers of Semiotic Representations through the combination of diversified activities and the different registers of semiotic representations. The activities were divided into three stages, in which the student's previous knowledge was analyzed in stage I; In stage II, the student's records and reasoning with the manipulable material and, in stage III, the student's records and reasoning with the use of the Geogebra 3D software, which part of the understanding of the concrete material for the use of the technologies by middle of Geogebra 3D. The results showed that the proposed activities contributed to the revision of basic concepts of geometry, to the construction and comprehension of new concepts, in the visualization of the object in different forms of representation, where 3D Geogebra allowed to remember and to discover elementary concepts of flat and spatial geometry in a more attractive form, stimulating visualization and learning, showing a strong indication that the study of the pyramids attracted attention and was motivating for this construction. / O presente trabalho é o resultado de uma pesquisa realizada com alunos do terceiro ano do Ensino Médio Politécnico de uma escola pública da rede estadual. Nesta pesquisa, buscou-se abordar o conteúdo de pirâmides através de um problema gerador, para a introdução deste conteúdo, com o objetivo de analisar a mobilização dos Registros de Representação Semiótica a partir do tronco da pirâmide com o uso do Geogebra 3D. Enfatiza-se seu caráter qualitativo e exploratório, buscando informações relevantes por meio da análise dos registros dos alunos, tanto no papel como no uso do software Geogebra 3D, em que se buscou dar significado aos conceitos matemáticos nas diferentes formas de representação de um mesmo objeto matemático. A pesquisa se baseou na Teoria de Registros de Representações Semióticas de Duval, utilizando a combinação de atividades diversificadas e dos diferentes registros de representações semióticas. As atividades foram divididas em três etapas, onde se procurou analisar, na etapa I, os conhecimentos prévios do aluno; na etapa II, os registros e o raciocínio do aluno com o material manipulável e, na etapa III, os registros e o raciocínio do aluno com o uso do software Geogebra 3D, a qual parte da compreensão do material concreto para a utilização das tecnologias por meio do Geogebra 3D. Os resultados mostraram que as atividades propostas contribuíram para revisar conceitos básicos de geometria, para a construção e compreensão de novos conceitos, na visualização do objeto em diferentes formas de representação, sendo que o Geogebra 3D propiciou recordar e descobrir conceitos elementares de geometria plana e espacial de forma mais atrativa, estimulando a visualização e a aprendizagem, mostrando-se um forte indício de que o estudo das pirâmides lhes chamou atenção e foi motivadora essa construção.

Submitted by Artur Barbosa Maciel Júnior (amacieljr@gmail.com) on 2012-10-31T19:01:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Componente 2 v 12a versão final para impressão.pdf: 3301850 bytes, checksum: 349898d9c88f8b92124b3c231f717bfd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2012-11-05T13:30:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Componente 2 v 12a versão final para impressão.pdf: 3301850 bytes, checksum: 349898d9c88f8b92124b3c231f717bfd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-11-06T16:07:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Componente 2 v 12a versão final para impressão.pdf: 3301850 bytes, checksum: 349898d9c88f8b92124b3c231f717bfd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-11-06T16:08:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Componente 2 v 12a versão final para impressão.pdf: 3301850 bytes, checksum: 349898d9c88f8b92124b3c231f717bfd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-05 / O estudo objetivou levantar as possibilidades de requalificação da Linha Tronco Centro de Pernambuco (LTCPE), um ativo ferroviário secular, em bitola métrica, com 608 km de extensão, desenvolvidos ao longo da linha dorsal do Estado de Pernambuco. Sua relevância se justifica pela solicitação da Concessionária ao Governo federal de devolução do patrimônio ferroviário. A operadora destaca que a linha ferroviária será substituída por outra linha férrea, a Ferrovia Nova Transnordestina, em bitola larga, de alto desempenho, que liga os estados de Pernambuco, Piauí e Ceará. Ambas as ferrovias desenvolvem um longo paralelismo em toda a extensão da LTCPE. Pretendeu-se, pois, identificar outras utilidades para o referido ramal ferroviário que não a de transporte de carga, vez que esta requalificação não deveria se dar em posição concorrencial com a Transnordestina. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com base na compreensão de seu contexto histórico, da análise do quadro nacional do setor e na análise dos diversos ambientes socioeconômicos em que está inserido esse ramal ferroviário. Para obtenção dos resultados, foram aplicados questionários com profissionais dos setores de serviços públicos de planejamento e logística, operadores e outros ligados à consultoria e engenharia. Com base no rol de intervenientes identificados, foi construída uma Matriz Institucional em que se apresentou o caminho crítico de ação e as interrelações entre os intervenientes públicos. Na mesma perspectiva, foi elaborada uma Matriz de SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities e Threats) de forma a articular o conjunto de dados e ações, indicando atividades e inversões financeiras que subsidiarão os estudos técnicos para a requalificação. Como resultados, o estudo identificou os trechos requalificáveis, sua destinação e novas alternativas de uso do patrimônio ferroviário remanescente. / The study aimed to raise possibilities of reclassification for the Trunk Line of Pernambuco (LTCPE), a 100-year-old medium gauge railroad, which is 608 km long, and was developed along the dorsal line of the State of Pernambuco in Brazil. Its relevance is justified by the request made by the Concessionaire to the Federal Government for the return of the railroad patrimony. The operating company highlights that the railroad will be substituted by the New Transnordestina Railroad, built in broad gauge, with high performance which connects the States of Pernambuco, Piauí and Ceará. Both railroads are situated in parallel throughout the length of the LTCPE. The purpose was to identify other uses for that railroad extension than that of cargo transport, as this reclassification should not be done in a competitive position in relation to the Transnordestina. The survey was developed based on the understanding of its historical context, analysis of the national industry and the analysis of different socioeconomic environments in which the railway is situated. To obtain these results, professionals from the sectors of public planning and logistics operators and others involved in consultancy and engineering answered questionnaires. Based on the list of identified stakeholders, an institutional matrix that showed the critical path of action and the interrelationships between public stakeholders was built. From the same perspective, a SWOT matrix (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) was developed to articulate a set of data and actions, indicating activities and financial investments that will subsidize the technical studies for the reclassification. As a result, the study identified the sections which could go under a reclassification , its purpose and new alternatives for the use of the remaining railroad patrimony.

Le confort des véhicules automobiles est un élément stratégique et économique lors de leurs développements. L’un des enjeux de demain est la personnalisation du confort, qui ne pourra être atteinte qu'avec des modèles numériques originaux de pointe. En effet, il faudrait être capable de prendre en compte la diversité anthropométrique des occupants au niveau mondial. Dans ce contexte, Faurecia, équipementier de sièges d’automobile et leader dans ce domaine, souhaite optimiser son processus de conception, au moyen d’outils numériques permettant d’analyser le confort dès les premières étapes de la conception. Cependant, à l’heure actuelle, aucun outil numérique n’est disponible pour valider le confort du dossier. Le but de cette étude est donc de développer un outil numérique d’évaluation du confort du dos pour la conception des sièges en tenant compte des différences interindividuelles. Cet outil repose sur le développement d’un modèle biomécanique paramétré du tronc. Tout d’abord, une campagne d’essais a permis d'identifier la reproductibilité d’assise d’un volontaire dans une position standardisée (position, répartition de pression). Un modèle paramétré en éléments finis du tronc a été développé et permettra de simuler ces conditions expérimentales. Le modèle a été validé d’un point de vue géométrique et le maillage a été analysé. Pour valider complètement le modèle et pour permettre son utilisation par les équipementiers, des positions assises, dont la courbure du rachis est connue, devront être simulés. Puis, le modèle sera évalué pour l’analyse du confort par comparaison des cartographies de pression à l’interface homme/siège. / The comfort of motor vehicles is a strategic and economic element in their developments. One of the future challenges is the individual comfort, which can only be achieved with original digital models. Indeed, we should be able to take into account the diversity of anthropometric occupants in the worldwide. In this context, Faurecia, automotive seating manufacturer and leader in this field, wishes to optimize its design process through digital tools to analyze comfort in the early design steps. However, at present, no digital tool is available to validate the comfort of the backrest. The purpose of this study is to develop a numerical assessment tool for the comfort of the backrest design taking into account individual differences. This tool is based on the development of a biomechanical trunk model. Firstly, a test campaign allowed identifying the sitting reproducibility of a volunteer in a standardized position (position, pressure distribution). A parametric finite element model of the trunk was developed and will allow simulating these experimental conditions. The model was validated from a geometrical point of view and the mesh was analyzed. To fully validate the model and allow its use by OEMs, sitting positions which the spine curvature is known will be simulated. Then the model will be evaluated for the comfort analysis by comparison of the pressure maps to the human/seat interface.

Abstract Low back pain (LBP) is a significant health problem in all developed countries. The high prevalence of LBP in youth is a cause of concern because a link has been reported between LBP in adolescence and chronic LBP (CLBP) in adulthood. In order to prevent CLBP in adulthood potential protective factors in youth should be identified. The association between trunk muscle strength and LBP has been widely studied but the results are conflicting. The current knowledge on the role of postural balance in relation to LPB is even more controversial. The aims of the thesis were to evaluate 1) the reproducibility of the inclinometric postural balance and maximal isometric trunk muscle strength measurements, 2) the association of low back symptoms with postural balance, trunk muscle strength, and cross-sectional area and fat content of extensor muscles, and 3) muscular fitness in relation to physical activity and television viewing. The study population belongs to the 1986 Northern Finland Birth Cohort (NFBC 1986), originally consisting of 9,479 children with an expected date of birth between July 1, 1985 and June 30, 1986. A total of 874 subjects completed the physical examination at a mean age of 19 years. Of those who participated in the physical examination 554 subjects took part in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar spine, including extensor muscles, at a mean age of 21 years. Reproducibility of isometric trunk muscle testing was found to be comparable to other methods that are used to measure trunk muscle function. Low back symptoms were not associated with postural balance or trunk muscle strength. Neither was there an association between LBP and the cross-sectional area or fat content of the lumbar muscles. Trunk muscles were significantly stronger in those who participated in regular physical activity and weaker in those who watched TV more than two hours daily. In conclusion, physical activity has an association with muscular fitness whereas association with TV viewing is negative independently of the level of physical activity. Single measurement of trunk muscle strength, and cross-sectional area or fat content of lumbar extensor muscles has little significance in the evaluation of the severity of low back symptoms in young adults. / Tiivistelmä Alaselkäkipu on huomattava kansanterveydellinen ongelma kaikissa kehittyneissä maissa. Erityisen huolestuttavaa on alaselkäkivun yleisyys nuorilla, sillä tällä on todettu olevan yhteyttä krooniseen selkäkipuun aikuisuudessa. Jotta kroonista kipua aikuisiällä voitaisiin ehkäistä, kivulta suojaavat tekijät pitäisi pystyä tunnistamaan jo nuoruudessa. Vartalon lihasvoiman ja alaselkäkivun yhteyttä on tutkittu runsaasti viimeisten vuosikymmenten aikana mutta tulokset ovat ristiriitaisia. Tulokset seisomatasapainon yhteydestä alaselkäkipuun ovat niin ikään ristiriitaisia. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli 1) arvioida inklinometrisen tasapainomittauksen ja isometristen lihasvoimamittausten luotettavuutta, 2) arvioida alaselkäoirein yhteyttä vartalon lihasvoimaan, seisomatasapainoon sekä ojentajalihasten rasvoittumiseen ja poikkipinta-alaan ja 3) arvioida lihasvoiman yhteyttä liikunta-aktiivisuuteen ja television katseluun. Tutkimusaineiston perustan muodostavat Pohjois-Suomen 1986 syntymäkohorttiin kuuluvat nuoret Oulun ja Lapin lääneistä, alkuperäiseen kohorttiin kuului 9,479 lasta, joiden laskettu syntymäaika oli heinäkuun 1:n 1986 ja kesäkuun 30:n 1986 välillä. Heistä Oulun Diakonissalaitoksen Liikuntaklinikalla suoritettuihin tutkimuksiin osallistui yhteensä 874 nuorta. Tutkimukseen liittyen Oulun yliopistollisen keskussairaalan radiologian klinikalla suoritettuihin selän magneetti- kuvauksiin osallistui 554 nuorta. Isometrinen lihasvoimatestaus osoittautui luotettavaksi tavaksi mitata vartalon lihasvoimaa. Alaselkäoireilla tai niiden vakavuudella ei todettu olevan yhteyttä vartalon lihasvoimaan tai seisomatasapainoon. Myöskään oireiden ja vartalon ojentajalihasten rasvoittumisen tai poikkipinta-alan välillä ei todettu olevan yhteyttä. Aktiivisemmin liikkuvien lihasvoima oli merkittävästi parempi kuin vähemmän liikkuvilla, toisaalta televisiota runsaasti katsovien lihasvoima oli televisiota vähän katsovia huonompi riippumatta siitä kuinka paljon he harrastivat liikuntaa. Aktiivisella liikunnalla on positiivinen yhteys lihasvoimaan. Toisaalta runsaalla television katsomisella on negatiivinen yhteys lihasvoimaan harrastetun liikunnan määrästä riippumatta. Yksittäisillä mittauksilla, kuten lihaksen poikkipinta-alalla tai vartalon lihasvoimalla ei todettu yhteyttä alaselkäoireiden vakavuuteen nuorilla aikuisilla.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2018-06-19T15:01:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Gustavo Lacreta Toledo Colonezi.pdf: 608536 bytes, checksum: 6f8b788f6abee5387f62055ac9f34005 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-19T15:01:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gustavo Lacreta Toledo Colonezi.pdf: 608536 bytes, checksum: 6f8b788f6abee5387f62055ac9f34005 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-15 / INTRODUCTION: Abnormal trunk movements in the sagittal plane during weight-bearing activities can have a direct effect on the joints of the lower limbs. It is known that a greater range of trunk flexion leads to less patellofemoral stress. Assessments of the kinematics of patients who suffer from patellofemoral pain (PFP) during several activities can be found in the literature. However, none of these studies have addressed the effects of trunk flexion during the single leg hop test (SLHT). OBJECTIVE: Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the relation of trunk flexion on pain (NPRS 0-10), functional performance (SLHT distance) and the angular kinematics of the lower limbs of women with PFP during the propulsion phase of the SLHT. METHODS: Thirty-four sedentary women, with a mean age of 25.59 (18 - 35 years), were assessed retrospectively in terms of pain, functional performance and three-dimensional kinematics during the propulsion phase of the SLHT. The women were then divided into two groups based on the maximum angular value of the trunk: less trunk flexion (LFT group, n=17) and greater trunk flexion (GFT group, n=17). RESULTS: Differences were found between the groups for pain (P=0.04; Effect Size (ES) =0.70 ; mean difference = 0.88; Confidence Interval (CI) = 95%: 0.01 – 1,75), LFT group presented less pain than GFT group. Therefore women in the GFT group exhibited better functional performance funcional (P=0.01; ES=1.17 mean difference: 16.29cm; 95% CI: 25.95 - 6.62) than those in the LFT group. The GFT group also performed higher values of ipsilateral trunk lean (mean difference: 2.5°; 95% CI: 0.9 a 4.1°), pelvic anteversion (mean difference: 5.8°; 95% CI: 1.7 a 9.8°), hip flexion (mean difference: 8.2°; 95% CI: 2.1 a 14.4°) and ankle dorsiflexion (mean difference: 3.7°; 95% CI: 0.3 a 7.1°) than the LFT group. CONCLUSION: Increases in the sagittal plane trunk flexion shows relation to the functional performance and angular kinematics of proximal segments during the propulsion phase of the SLHT. / INTRODUÇÃO: Alterações dos movimentos do tronco no plano sagital durante atividades com descarga de peso podem ter efeito direto sobre as articulações dos membros inferiores. Sabe-se que maior amplitude de flexão do tronco diminui o estresse femoropatelar. Avaliações cinemática de pacientes que sofrem com dor femoropatelar (DPF) durante várias atividades podem ser encontrados na literatura. No entanto, nenhum estudo abordou a influência da flexão do tronco durante o single leg hop test (SLHT). OBJETIVO: Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a relação da flexão do tronco sobre a dor (NPRS 0-10), o desempenho funcional (distancia do SLHT) e da cinemática angular dos membros inferiores em mulheres com DPF durante a fase de propulsão dos SLHT. MÉTODOS: Trinta e quatro mulheres sedentárias, com idade média de 25,59 (18 - 35 anos), foram avaliadas em termos de dor, desempenho funcional e cinemática tridimensional durante a fase de propulsão do SLHT. As voluntárias foram divididas em dois grupos com base no valor angular máximo de flexão de tronco: menor flexão de tronco (MEFT grupo, n = 17), e com maior flexão do tronco (MAFT grupo, n = 17). RESULTADOS: Diferenças foram encontradas entre os grupos para a dor (P=0.04; Effect Size (ES) =0.70 ; diferença média = 0.88; Intervalo de Confiança (IC) = 95%: 0.01 – 1,75), sendo que, o grupo MEFT apresentou menos dor em relação ao grupo MAFT. Entretanto as voluntárias do grupo MAFT exibiram melhor desempenho funcional (P=0.01; ES=1.17 diferença média: 16.29cm; 95% IC: 25.95 - 6.62) do que aquelas do grupo MEFT. O grupo MAFT também apresentou maiores valores de inclinação ipsilateral de tronco (diferença média: 2.5°; 95% IC: 0.9 a 4.1°), anteversão pélvica (diferença média: 5.8°; 95% IC: 1.7 a 9.8°), flexão de quadril (diferença média: 8.2°; 95% IC: 2.1 a 14.4°) e dorsiflexão do tornozelo (diferença média: 3.7°; 95% IC: 0.3 a 7.1°). CONCLUSÃO: O aumento da flexão do tronco no plano sagital mostra relação com melhor desempenho funcional e com a cinemática angular de segmentos proximais durante a fase de propulsão do SLHT.

In the forestry industry tree trunks are currently classified manually. The object of this thesis is to answer whether it is possible to automate this using modern computer hardware and image-classification of tree-trunks using machine learning algorithms. The report concludes, based on results from controlled experiments that it is possible to achieve an accuracy above 90% across the genuses Birch, Pine and Spruce with a classification-time per tree shorter than 500 milli seconds. The report further compares these results against previous research and concludes that better results are probable.

The highest terrestrial biodiversity in Sweden is connected to old grown deciduous trees with tree trunk hollows and dead wood, such as oak and maple. A reduction of deciduous forest and old grown trees from anthropological activities has left many habitats wanting in size and fragmented. Many saproxylic species that are dependent on old grown trees with tree trunk hollows are now threatened. The aim of this study was to further develop artificial habitats (boxes) used for conservation of saproxylic beetles. The boxes were made larger, placed in cities’ green areas and filled with produce from the surrounding areas. The study assessed the effectiveness of these boxes, regarding species richness and composition, compared with earlier studies and tree trunk hollows. The study also aimed to assess what variables might affect the species richness and family and species composition. During April to August 2019, 3454 individuals of 105 saproxylic species were collected in 55 boxes. Of the species dependent on tree trunk hollows, 45% were found in the boxes, compared with tree trunk hollows. Of the variables included shading of the box, the amount of buildings surrounding the box and the amount of forest surrounding the box were found to affect species richness. More shading and a larger forest area increased the species richness in the boxes, and a higher concentration of buildings decreased species richness in the boxes. Conclusively, this study showed that boxes placed in cities’ green areas could act as an alternative habitat for saproxylic beetles.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / The high rate of rediscovery of known compounds has led to a decline in the discovery of novel natural products. The high biodiversity of organisms growing in extreme conditions such as oceans has led to the increased interest by researchers for their use as a source of novel natural products. Marine bacteria are known for their extensive biosynthetic capacity to produce diverse natural products, which are suitable for various biotechnology applications such as in agriculture, for treatment of fungal plant pathogens, and as antibiotics, for treatment of bacterial infections. This study aimed at discovering novel secondary metabolites from marine bacteria previously associated with novel marine invertebrate species endemic to the South African coast. The methodologies used in this study included a bioassay guided fractionation coupled to genome sequencing and mining. For the bioassay guided fractionation approach, the study first focused on screening marine bacteria for antimicrobial activity when cultured on 4 different media, against fungal strains previously shown to be virulent olive trunk pathogens. In parallel, the bacterial isolates with the most inhibitory activity against the fungal pathogens were also screened for antimicrobial activity against 4 indicator strains including Gram-negative Escherichia coli 1699 (E. coli), Pseudomonas putida, and Gram-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC14990, and Bacillus cereus ATCC10702. One of the marine bacterial isolates, PE6-126, showed diverse antimicrobial activity including antibacterial and antifungal activity against the tested strains. The genome sequencing data revealed that this isolate was B. cereus based on the average nucleotide identity (ANI) (>99%) to reference strains. antiSMASH analysis of the genome revealed nine predicted secondary metabolite clusters including bacteriocins (2), non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) (2), siderophore (1), sactipeptide (1), betalactone (1), linear azol(in)e-containing peptides (LAP) - bacteriocin (1) and a terpene (1). Some of these pathways had low to no sequence similarity to known pathways, indicating the potential of these pathways to produce novel compounds. One of the pathways showed very high sequence similarity to the thuricin CD pathway in Bacillus thuringiensis. Considering that thuricin CD has been reported to have antimicrobial activity against B. cereus (ATCC1072), it was hypothesised that it could also be produced by PE6-126. However, the antimicrobial extract from PE6-126 was tested for sensitivity to proteinase K and heat treatment, which thuricin CD is known to be sensitive to. The results revealed that the antimicrobial activity was not lost after treatment, implying that a different metabolite could be responsible for the anti-B. cereusactivity. In addition, PE6-126 initially displayed antimicrobial activity against a multi-drug resistant E. coli 1699, suggesting some of the antimicrobial compound/(s) produced by this strain could potentially be novel. The bioassay-guided fractionation approach coupled to Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) did not lead to identification of the antimicrobial compound/(s), therefore it remains a question whether the secondary metabolite pathways predicted by antiSMASH lead to the production of the active compound/(s).The results from this study showed that even well studied species have the potential to synthesize as yet undescribed compounds, based on the novelty of some of the pathways. This study highlights the importance of employing a genome-guided approach in drug discovery, as there may be many novel compounds to discover from biosynthetic pathways that have not yet been characterised. Further research is needed to identify the antimicrobial compound/(s) produced by PE6-126.

Patients with cerebral palsy account for great upper extremities deviationswhile walking. However, the number of studies assessing their upper bodygait kinematics are rare and no studies have been conducted interested inthe whole body kinematics during walking. In this study, we created awhole body index, the Body Profile Score made of modified existing kinematicindexes assessing the gait pattern of children with cerebral palsy. TheBody Profile Score (BPS) is an average of combination of the Gait ProfileScore (GPS), a modified Trunk Profile Score (TPS), a modified Arm PostureScore (APS) and a also new index called Head Profile Score (HPS), basedon a similar calculation. Dierent versions of the BPS were tested on threegroups: a control group, a CP group before botulinum toxin A treatmentand a CP group after botulinum toxin A treatment. The results showed apoor level of linear correlations between the dierent BPS versions and theGait Profile Score, indicating that lower body indexes such as the GPS orGait Deviation Index (GDI) and full body index such as the BPS do not renderthe same information. The BPS is the first index proposing a full bodykinematic analysis and aims at showing that such an analysis is needed ingait assessment of spastic children in order to have a realistic overview ofthe pathological walking condition.