Abstracts in English, Tswana, Venda and Tsonga / The study explored the significance of educator’s assessment practices for learners who experience barriers to learning within the senior phase in Tshwane North District. The goal of the study was to explore the challenges that affect educators’ assessment practices for learners experiencing barriers to learning within Senior Phase. The study used the conceptual system based on the framework recommended by Hargreaves, Earl, and Schmidt (2002). The framework comprised four viewpoints which incorporate technological, cultural, political, and post-modern measurements. The model is exceptionally accommodating in explaining and justifying educator’s assessment practices. A phenomenological case study design was adopted in this study. Qualitative data collection instruments were used to gather data. The participants included 4 educators, 4 Deputy Principals, 4 Institutional Level Support Team (ILST) Coordinators, and 4 School Assessment Team (SAT) Coordinators. In addition, the other participants from District Office included the Head of District Assessment Team (DAT) and the Head of the District Level Support Team (DLST). Content analysis was utilised to dissect the data which was gathered in the study. The study revealed various barriers that hinder assessment practices when assessing learners experiencing barriers to learning. Amongst others overcrowding, non-availability of resources, lack of training of educators in assessing learners experiencing barriers to learning, insufficient parental involvement, insufficient support from the ILST and the DLST emerged as factors which negatively affected educators’ assessment practices in inclusive education classrooms. The results in this study resulted in the development of a Comprehensive Inclusive Classroom Assessment Model (CICAM) for Senior Phase secondary school educators in Tshwane North District. The researcher developed a model which responds to the needs of learners experiencing barriers to learning so that their pedagogical and assessment needs are catered for adequately. The model showed the convergence of different stakeholders which are required on board for inclusive education assessment experience for educators and learners to be effective and efficient as well. It was recommended that inclusive assessment practices should be flexible and provide tailor-made assessment practices which accommodate all learners despite their diversity. In this regard it was further recommended that assessment in inclusive classrooms should be adapted to ensure that assessment practices address the pedagogical and psychological needs of all learners in the classroom. The researcher believes that legitimate and adequate training can provide educators with clarity around what is anticipated of when assessing learners who experience barriers to learning. One of the recommendations is that teacher development and an ongoing support from the Department of Basic Education (DBE) needs to become a priority. / Thutopatlisiso e lebeletse bomaleba jwa ditiragatso tsa tlhatlhobo tsa barutabana malebana le barutwana ba ba itemogelang dikgoreletsi tsa go ithuta mo Legatong le Legolwane, mo dikolong tsa sekontari mo Kgaolong ya Bokone jwa Tshwane. Maikemisetso a thutopatlisiso e ne e le go lebelela dikgwetlho tse di amang ditiragatso tsa tlhatlhobo tsa barutababa ba barutwana ba ba itemogelang dikgoreletsi tsa go ithuta mo Legatong le Legolwane. Thutopatlisiso e dirisitse tsamaiso ya dikakanyo, e e ikaegileng ka letlhomeo le le atlenegisitsweng ke Hargreaves, Earl le Schmidt (2002). Letlhomeso le na le dintlhapono di le nne, tse di akaretsang ditekanyetso tsa thekenoloji, setso, sepolotiki le morago ga sejwalejwale. Sekao se mosola thata mo go tlhaloseng le go amogela ditiragatso tsa tlhatlhobo tsa morutabana. Go dirisitswe thadiso ya thutopatlisiso ya kgetse ya ditiragalo mo thutopatlisisong eno. Go dirisitswe didiriswa tsa kokoanyo ya data tsa molebo o o lebelelang mabaka go kokoanya data. Banni-le-seabe ba akareditse barutabana ba le 4, batlatsabagokgo ba le 4, bagokaganyi ba setlhophatshegetso sa legato la setheo (ILST) ba le 4 le bagokaganyi ba setlhopha sa tlhatlhobo sa sekolo (SAT) ba le 4. Go tlaleletsa, go nnile le banni-le-seabe ba ba tlhophilweng go tswa kwa Kantorong ya Kgaolo, go akarediwa Tlhogo ya Setlhopha sa Tlhatlhobo sa Kgaolo (DAT) le Tlhogo ya Setlhophatshegetso sa Legato la Kgaolo (DLST). Go dirisitswe tokololo ya diteng go lokolola data e e kokoantsweng mo thutopatlisisong. Thutopatlisiso e senotse dikgoreletsi di le mmalwa tse di kgoreletsang ditiragatso tsa tlhatlhobo fa go tlhatlhobiwa barutwana ba ba itemogelang dikgoreletsi tsa go ithuta. Mo thutopatlisisong, go tlhageletse gore go tlala go feta tekano, go tlhokega ga ditlamelo, tlhaelo ya katiso ya barutabana ya tlhatlhobo ya barutwana ba ba itemogelang dikgoreletsi tsa go ithuta, go se nne le seabe go go lekaneng ga batsadi, le go se nne le tshegetso e e lekaneng go tswa go ILST le DLST ke dintlha dingwe tse di amang ditiragatso tsa tlhatlhobo tsa barutabana ka tsela e e sa siamang mo diphaposiborutelong tsa thuto tse di akaretsang botlhe. Dipholo tsa thutopatlisiso eno di dirile gore go tlhamiwe sekao se se akaretsang sa tlhatlhobo ya phaposiborutelo e e akaretsang botlhe (CICAM) go dirisiwa ke barutabana ba Legato le Legolwane mo dikolong tsa sekontari mo Kgaolong ya Bokone jwa Tshwane. Mmatlisisi o tlhamile sekao se se tsamaelanang le ditlhokego tsa barutwana ba ba itemogelang dikgoreletsi tsa go ithuta, gore ditlhokego tsa bona tsa thuto le tlhatlhobo di kgotsofadiwe mo go lekaneng. Sekao se bontshitse go kopana ga baamegi ba ba farologaneng, ba ba tlhokegang gore maitemogelo a tlhatlhobo ya thuto e e akaretsang botlhe e nne bokgoni le nonofo mo barutabaneng le mo barutwaneng. Go atlenegisitswe gore ditiragatso tsa tlhatlhobo e e akaretsang botlhe e tshwanetse go obega mme e tlamele ka ditiragatso tsa tlhatlhobo tse di diretsweng lebaka tse di tlaa amogelang barutwana, go sa kgathalesege dipharologano tsa bona. Mo ntlheng eno, go atlenegisitswe gape gore tlhatlhobo mo diphaposiborutelong tse di akaretsang botlhe e tshwanetse go fetolwa go netefata gore ditiragatso tsa tlhatlhobo di samagana le ditlhokego tsa thuto le tsa seemo sa tlhaloganyo tsa barutwana botlhe mo phaposiborutelong. Mmatlisisi o dumela gore katiso ya boamaaruri le e e lekaneng e ka sedimosa barutabana malebana le se ba tshwanetseng go se solofela fa ba tlhatlhoba barutwana ba ba itemogelang dikgoreletsi tsa go ithuta. Nngwe ya dikatlenegiso ke gore katiso ya barutabana le tlamelo ya tshegetso e e tswelelang pele go tswa kwa Lefapheng la Thuto ya Motheo (DBE) e nne setlapele. / Ngudo yo wanulusa ndeme ya nyito dza ndingo dza vhadededzi zwi tshi ya kha vhagudiswa vhane vha tshenzhela zwithivheli zwa u guda kha Vhuimo ha Nṱha, zwikoloni zwa sekondari Tshiṱirikini tsha Tshwane Devhula. Tshipikwa tsha ngudo ho vha u wanulusa khaedu dzine dza kwama nyito dza ndingo dza vhadededzi kha vhagudiswa vhane vha tshenzhela zwithivheli zwa u guda kha Vhuimo ha Nṱha. Ṱhoḓisiso yo shumisa sisiṱeme ya muṱalukanyo, yo ḓisendekaho nga furemiweke yo themendelwaho nga Vho Hargreaves, Earl na Schmidt (2002). Furemiweke yo bveledza mbonalo nṋa, dzine dza katela thekhinoḽodzhi, mvelele, poḽotiki, maga a nga murahu ha zwino. Tshiedziswa tshi shumiswa nga maanḓa kha u ṱalutshedza na u khwaṱhisedza nyito dza ndingo dza vhadededzi. Ho shumiswa maitele a zwiitei kha ngudo heyi. Zwishumiswa zwa u kuvhanganya data ya khwaḽithethivi zwo shumiswa u kuvhanganya data. Vhadzheneli hu katelwa vhadededzi vhaṋa, vhathusa ṱhoho dza zwikolo vhaṋa, vhapfananyi vhaṋa vha thimu ya thikhedzo kha ḽeveḽe ya tshiimiswa (ILST) na vhapfananyi vhaṋa vha thimu ya ndingo ya tshikolo (SAT). U ḓadzisa kha zwenezwo, ho vha na vhadzheneli vho nangwaho u bva Ofisini ya Tshiṱiriki, hu tshi katelwa Ṱhoho ya Thimu ya Ndingo dza Tshiṱiriki (DAT) na Ṱhoho ya Thimu ya Thikhedzo kha Ḽeveḽe ya Tshiṱiriki (DLST). Ho shumiswa musaukanyo wa maṅwalo u khethekanya data yo kuvhanganyiwaho kha ngudo iyi. Ṱhoḓisiso yo wanulusa uri zwithivheli zwinzhi zwine zwa thivhela nyito dza ndingo musi hu tshi khou lingiwa vhagudiswa vhane vha tshenzhela zwithivheli kha u guda. Kha ngudo, ho wanuluswa uri u ḓalesa, u sa wanala ha zwishumiswa, u shaya vhugudisi kha vhadededzi kha u linga vhagudiswa vhane vha tshenzhela zwithivheli zwa u guda, u sa ḓidzhenisa lwo linganaho nga vhabebi, na u sa wana thikhedzo yo fhelelaho kha ILST na DLST ndi zwiṅwe zwiṱaluli zwe zwa kwama lu si lwa vhuḓi nyito dza ndingo dza vhadededzi kiḽasini ya pfunzo yo katelaho vhagudiswa vhoṱhe. Mvelelo kha ngudo heyi dzo bveledza mveledziso ya tshiedziswa tsho fhelelaho tsha ndingo ya kiḽasi yo katelaho vhagudiswa vhoṱhe (CICAM) kha Vhuimo ha Nṱha, vhadededzi vha tshikolo tsha sekondari Tshiṱirikini tsha Tshwane Devhula. Muṱoḓisisi o bveledza tshiedziswa tshine tsha fhindula kha ṱhoḓea dza vhagudiswa vhane vha tshenzhela zwithivheli zwa u guda, uri ṱhoḓea dzavho dza u funza na dza ndingo dzi katelwe nga nḓila yo teaho. Tshiedziswa tshi sumbedza u ṱanganelana ha vhadzhiamukovhe vho fhambanaho, hune ha ṱoḓea kha tshenzhelo ya pfunzo ya ndingo yo katelaho vhagudiswa vhoṱhe u vha yo teaho na u kona kha vhadededzi na vhagudiswa. Ho themendelwa uri nyito ya ndingo yo katelaho vhagudiswa vhoṱhe i tea u konisa na u ṋetshedza nyito dza ndingo dzo itelwaho ṱhoḓea dzine dza ḓo katela vhagudiswa vhoṱhe, zwi si na ndavha na u fhambana havho. Kha heḽi sia, ho dovha ha themendelwa hu tshi iswa phanḓa uri ndingo kha kiḽasi yo katelaho vhagudiswa vhoṱhe i fanela u khwiniswa u vhona zwauri nyito dza ndingo dzi khou fhindula ṱhoḓea dza u funza na dza muhumbulo kha vhana vhoṱhe vha re kiḽasini. Muṱoḓisisi u tenda kha uri u khwaṱha na vhugudisi ho teaho zwi nga ṋetshedza vhadededzi u vha khagala kha zwine zwa tea u lavhelelwa musi vha tshi linga vhagudiswa vhane vha tshenzhela zwithivheli zwa u guda. Iṅwe ya themendelo ndi ya uri mveledziso ya mudededzi na mbetshelo ya thikhedzo i yaho phanḓa u bva kha Muhasho wa Pfunzo ya Mutheo (DBE) zwi fanela u dzhielwa nṱha. / Ndzavisiso wu valange vutivikani bya maendlelo ya makambelelo ya vadyondzisi hi mayelana na vadyondzi lava hlanganaka na swirhalanganyi eka ku dyondza eka Xiyimo xa le Henhla, eswikolweni swa sekondari eka Xifundzatsongo xa Tshwane-N'walungu. Xikongomelokulu xa ndzavisiso lowu a ku ri ku valanga mitlhontlho leyi yi khumbaka maendlelo ya makambelelo ya vadyondzisi ya vadyondzi lava hlanganaka na swirhalanganyi eka ku dyondza eka Xiyimo xa le Henhla. Ndzavisiso lowu wu tirhise sisiteme ya xinongoti, leyi simekiweke eka rimba leri bumabumeriweke hi Hargreaves, Earl na Schmidt (2002). Rimba leri ri vumbiwa hi mune wa mavonelo, lama ya katsaka mipimo ya swa thekinoloji, swa mfuwo, swa tipolitiki na swa le ndzhaku ka ximanguvalawa. Modlolo lowu wu pfuna hi ndlela ya kahle swinene eka ku hlamusela na ku tiyisisa maendlelo ya makambelelo ya vadyondzisi. Dizayini ya ndzavisiso wa mhaka ya ntivomichumu yi amukeriwile eka ndzavisiso lowu. Switirho swa nhlengeleto wa data ya risima swi tirhisiwile eka ku hlengeleta data. Vatekaxiave va katse 4 wa vadyondzisi, 4 wa swandla swa tinhloko ta swikolo, 4 wa vakondleteri va swipano swa nseketelo swa levhele ya nhlangano (ILST) na 4 wa vakondleteri va swipano swa makambelelo ya swikolo (SAT). Hi ku engetela, a ku ri na vatekaxiave kusuka eka Hofisi ya Xifundzatsongo, ku katsa na Nhloko ya Xipano xa Makambelelo ya Swifundzatsongo (DAT) na Nhloko ya Xipano xa Nseketelo wa Levhele ya Swifundzatsongo (DLST). Nxopaxopo wa vundzeni wu tirhisiwile eka ku tlhantlha data leyi a yi hlengeletiwile eka ndzavisiso lowu. Ndzavisiso wu paluxe swirhalanganyi swo hambanahambana leswi swi kavanyeteke maendlelo ya makambelelo loko ku kamberiwa vadyondzi lava hlanganaka na swirhalanganyi eka ku dyondza. Eka ndzavisiso lowu, swi tumbulukile leswaku ku tala kutlula mpimo, nkavukona wa swipfuno, mpfumaleko wa vuleteri bya vadyondzisi eka ku kambela vadyondzisi lava hlanganaka na swirhalanganyi eka ku dyondza, ku khumbeka ka vatswari loku nga ringanelangiki, na nseketelo lowu nga ringanelangiki kusuka eka ILST na DLST a ku ri swin'wana swa swiphemu leswi khumbaka hi ndlela yo homboloka maendlelo ya makambelelo ya vadyondzisi eka tikamara to dyondzela ta dyondzo to katsa hinkwavo. Mivuyelo eka ndzavisiso yi tumbuluxe nhluvukiso wa modlolo wa makambelelo ya kamara ro dyondzela ro katsa hinkwavo ro katsakanya (CICAM) eka Xiyimo xa le Henhla, vadyondzisi va le swikolweni swa sekondari eka Xifundzatsongo xa Tshwane-N'walungu. Mulavisisi u hluvukise modlolo lowu wu angulaka eka swidingo swa vadyondzi lava hlanganaka na swirhalanganyi eka ku dyondza, ku endlela leswaku swidingo swa vona swa madyondziselo na swa makambelelo swi tirhiwa hi ndlela yo ringanela. Modlolo lowu wu kombe nhlangano wa vakhomaxiave vo hambanahambana, lava va lavekaka eka ntokoto wa makambelelo ya dyondzo yo katsa hinkwavo leswaku yi tirha kahle na ku nga tlangisi swipfuno eka vadyondzisi na vadyondzi. Ku bumabumeriwile leswaku maendlelo ya makambelelo yo katsa hinkwavo ya fanele ku cincacinceka na ku nyika maendlelo ya makambelelo lama endleriweke xikongomelo xolexo lama nga ta amukela vadyondzi hinkwavo, hambiloko ku ri na ku hambana. Eka mhaka leyi, ku tlhele ku bumabumeriwa leswaku makambelelo eka tikamara to dyondzela to katsa hinkwavo ya fanele fambelanisiwa ku tiyisisa leswaku maendlelo ya makambelelo ya tirhana na swidingo swa madyondziselo na swa le miehleketweni swa vadyondzi hinkwavo lava nga ekamareni ro dyondzela. Mulavisisi u kholwa leswaku vuleteri lebyi amukelekaka na ku va byo ringanela byi nga kota ku nyika vadyondzisi ntwisiso hi mayelana na leswi swi faneleke ku languteriwa loko ku kamberiwa vadyondzi lava hlanganaka na swirhalanganyi eka dyondza. Xin'wana xa swibumabumelo hi leswaku nhluvukiso wa vadyondzisi na ku nyikiwa ka nseketelo lowu yaka emahlweni kusuka eka Ndzawulo ya Dyondzo ya Masungulo (DBE) swi fanele ku rhangisiwa emahlweni. / Inclusive Education / D. Ed. (Inclusive Education)

The adoption in 1997 of the developmental approach to social welfare by the South African government has mandated a developmental role for social work in all sectors and fields, including that of local government. This approach is in line with the developmental role of municipalities. However, despite the mandate, the developmental role of social work has not yet been defined and has therefore not been widely recognised in the context of local governmental. The goal in conducting this study was to determine the developmental role of social work in the local government of the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality as defined by the social workers themselves, and as also perceived by their co-workers. Social workers and their co-workers, who were from different professional categories, comprised the two groups of respondents in this study. Purposive sampling was used to select the two respective groups from one of the CTMM departments, the Department of Health and Social Development. The goal of the study required applied research. The study itself was guided by the qualitative approach and employed a case study design. The data was collected during focus groups and one-on-one interviews, following a semi-structured schedule. The findings indicated that there was a clear understanding of the developmental role of local government, but that there was a lack of clarity as to the social workers’ developmental role. The study concluded that the confusion about the role had been caused by the lack of both appropriate training for social workers in this respect and a proper tool with which to monitor and evaluate the role, as well as the existing iv discouraging environment, none of which were conducive to a satisfactory performance by social workers. It is recommended that the job descriptions of social workers be revised to include their developmental role in the CTMM and that this be formalised in a policy. This would not only demarcate the role of social workers, but would also oblige the CTMM to create an enabling environment in which they could carry out this role. CTMM should, in collaboration with all stakeholders, explore, develop and implement a suitable monitoring and evaluating tool for the developmental role of social workers. / Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

National Department of Sport and Recreation South Africa (SRSA), as outlined in their National Sport and Recreation Plan (NSRP) and the South African White Paper on Sport and Recreation focuses on three pillars namely, 1) an active nation; 2) a winning nation and 3) an enabling environment. The need for sport and recreation facilities is further emphasised in Priority Two of the South African White Paper on Sport and Recreation. This priority focuses specifically on the provision of sport and recreation facilities and states that the challenge in the provision of facilities is not simply about a shortage, but also the location of the facilities as well as the effective management thereof. Local government has the responsibility of providing an enabling environment through the provision of existing sports and recreation facilities and building of new facilities. Effective sport and recreation provision relies on the effective management of these facilities (SRSA, 2012). Facility Managers need various administrative skills in order to operate facilities efficiently and effectively. The coordination of these management principles and standard operating procedures is critical in the effective and efficient management of sport and recreation facilities today. This study presents a first attempt to determine the level of management capacity of sport and recreation facilities by local government in the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality in the Department of Sport, Recreation, Arts and Culture. The research question for this study was therefore formulated as: “What is the management capacity of Sport and Recreation Facility Managers in the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality?” Based on this particular research question, it was hypothesised that: H0: The management capacity of Sport and Recreation Facility Managers employed in the City of Tshwane is satisfactory/ high. H1: The management capacity of Sport and Recreation Facility Managers employed in the City of Tshwane is unsatisfactory/ low. The aim of the study was to determine a management capacity profile of sport and recreation facilities in the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality. Specific objectives of the study were to: - Explore and analyse the existing management capacity of Sport and Recreation Facility Managers according to the dimensions of the Capacity Analysis Tool; - Identify potential problem areas in the operations of sport and recreation facilities related to management capacity; and - Formulate recommendations to the appropriate decision makers in the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality to create enabling environments for sport and recreation facilities of the local authority under study. Data were gathered by means of a self-administered Capacity Analysis Tool completed by full time Sport and Recreation Facility Managers of the City Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality’s Department of Sport, Recreation, Arts and Culture. A purposive research sample of eight (n=8) was used. The study critically analysed and evaluated the perceptions of the level of management of the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality and its capacity to manage its sport and recreation facilities. The results are not generalised but specific to the research sample. Effective management and possible ineffectiveness were identified to formulate guidelines for increased management capacity. The research was quantitative in nature and data interpretation and analysis was therefore made by use of tables, graphs and statistics. Results for the study indicated that sport and recreation facilities are geographically decentralised over the five regions in the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality, namely the South region, the North West region, the North East region, the Central West region and the East region. Part-time, full-time and voluntary staff work at these sport and recreation facilities, all of whom perform different roles and responsibilities and management tasks. An overall collective mean score of x =2.11 (SD=1.34) was recorded for all eight management dimensions of management capacity as evaluated by the Capacity Analysis Tool. These results, therefore, confirms the stated H1 for this study. It is, therefore, concluded that sport and recreation managers at the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality perform below average in the majority of elements over the eight management dimensions of management capacity. This result suggests that sport and recreation facilities are most likely not managed optimally to the benefit of all stakeholders. Recommendations for this research centred around improving those dimensions of management capacity that needed to be improved as they performed below average, which included clearly defined duties and responsibilities of employees guided by policies and a departmental constitution that is agreed upon by all members of the department, hiring of adequate staff and personnel in the right positions, increasing networking and fundraising capacity, revisiting job descriptions, provision of adequate and continuous training, regular maintenance of sport and recreation facilities and hiring of skilled contractors, provision of adequate resources to staff members to perform duties effectively and advocacy of employees and community members. The effective and efficient management of sport and recreation facilities, including a high capacity to manage sport and recreation facilities is essential and therefore, the following aspects are suggested for the undertaking of further research: A three year review of the status of management of sport and recreation facilities in the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality could be conducted to determine the management capacity of Sport and Recreation Facility Managers to manage sport and recreation facilities; Investigate the community’s perception of sport and recreation facilities with regard to service delivery and meeting the community’s overall needs for sport and recreation participation and quality of life enhancement; Investigate the management capacity of middle and higher management level employees with regard to sport and recreation facility management in the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality; Conduct a comparative study of the management capacity of Sport and Recreation Facility Managers in different municipalities across Gauteng; and Conduct a needs analysis in communities in the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality to gather information of what communities need with regard to development of new sport and recreation facilities. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / tm2015 / Biokinetics, Sport and Leisure Sciences / MA / Unrestricted

Thesis (M. Sc. (Statistics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / The ever increasing number of students who drop out of university remains a challenge for Higher Education administrators. In response to this, different studies have been conducted globally in order to identify student retention strategies to fix the problem. However, the challenge continues to prevail year in and year out. Most of the studies conducted in South Africa used statistical methods that ignore the temporal nature of the process of student dropout. This study uses discrete-time survival techniques to model the occurrence and timing of undergraduate engineering student dropout at Tshwane University of Technology (TUT). Discrete-time survival analysis techniques allow for a more appropriate utilisation of the longitudinal nature of institutional data, where the time dependence of the data, time-varying factors and time-invariant factors can all be accommodated in the analysis. The temporal nature of the process of student dropout was analysed for the cohort of students registered in engineering programmes for the first time in 2010 at Tshwane University of Technology using discrete-time survival analysis methods. The cohort was followed for five years from 2010 through 2014, inclusive. Of particular interest was the incidence of dropout, the determinants of dropout, comparison of the single risk discrete-time model with a competing risk discrete-time model, as well as testing for the effects of unobserved heterogeneity. The study used administrative data obtained from the ITS. The logit model was used to estimate the effects of race, gender, Matric performance, performance in Matric Mathematics, residence type, English language status and time on time to dropout with time measured in academic years. A discretetime competing risk model in the form of a multinomial logit model was also estimated to account for the possible correlation between graduation and dropout. A frailty model assuming a Gaussian distribution for the frailty term was also estimated to account for unobserved heterogeneity. The study established that the risk of dropout for nonwhite students is significantly higher than that of white students. Furthermore, it was found that the effects of residence type varied with time. For instance, in the first year students with private based accommodation were more likely to dropout compared to those residing onvi Abstract campus. On the other hand, in the third year students accommodated in private residences were less likely to dropout than those residing on-campus. The findings also indicate that the effect of having English as a first language as opposed to as a second language on the risk of dropout was only significant in the fourth year such that first language English students were more at risk of dropout compared to second language students. The findings also revealed inconsistencies between the estimates from the single risk and the competing risk model. Moreover, the effect of unobserved heterogeneity was found to be insignificant. Recommendations from this study are that discrete-time survival analysis model is more efficient than traditional methods used for analysis of student dropout and should therefore be used for analysis of academic outcomes such as dropout. The model can account for the temporal nature of the process of dropout. Both time-varying and time-invariant explanatory variables can be included in the model.The effects of time-invariant explanatory variables that might have time-varying effects can also be investigated.

Thesis (M.A. (Clinical Psychology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2020 / The integration of mental health care (MHC) into primary health care (PHC) has been identified as a practical intervention to: increase accessibility to mental health care; reduce stigma and discrimination against people living with mental illnesses; improve the management of chronic mental illness; and, to reduce the burden of comorbidity of mental illnesses with other chronic illnesses. In the South African context, integrating MHC into PHC also seeks to respond to numerous legislative reforms, with the aim of providing comprehensive health care, particularly to previously disadvantaged populations. The aim of the present study was to explore the perceptions of facility managers in the Tshwane District (Gauteng Province) towards the integration of mental health into PHC. Fifteen participants from the Tshwane district facilities participated in the study. The participants were selected through a non-probability purposive sampling method. Data was collected through in-depth interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire, and analysed using the thematic coding approach. Significant findings suggested that the major hindrances to the realisation of the policy objectives may be due to: the lack of rehabilitation and psychotherapeutic services; insufficient skill and knowledge of mental health on the part of staff; insufficient or unsuitable practice space in the facilities; and, poor cooperation between South African Police Services, Emergency Medical Services and Primary Health Care. Inter-facility communication, district implementation support and policy knowledge has notably increased over the years and were deemed to be amongst the biggest enablers.

The study focused on City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality situated in Gauteng Province. The study aims to explore the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality process of legalising squatters in relation to social development. A qualitative approach using semi- structured interviews, focus groups, observations and public documents was used to explore the process of legalising of squatters in relation to social development. The researcher, based on the evidence from the respondents, public documents and the discussion of findings, concludes that there is a positive relationship between the process of legalising of squatters in the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality and social development as an approach. The City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality process of legalising squatters is in line with the South African legislations and social policies. The finding will add value to the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality, Department of Human Settlements, Non –governmental and Faith Based Organisations and other sector stakeholders working with informal settlement dwellers in the following ways: a) Helping the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality in the implementation of informal settlement policies and processes; b) Recommendations to policy issues; c) Advancement of knowledge. / Social Work / M. A. (Social Work)

The research on xenophobia in South Africa is underpinned by the relationship described by Frantz Fanon between violence and oppression present within the structures of domination. This research addresses the colonial structures that manifested themselves within the oppressive modes in societies. It employs a Fanon analysis of the xenophobic violence of May 2008 and serves to provide an understanding of the experiences of a particular condition and of how a broader invisible context plays an important role in what society sees and assimilates. The question can be asked: Is it safe to say that the xenophobic attacks were racist, or was it mere bigotry? An analysis based on the writings of Franz Fanon coupled with a psychological account of the participants, affirms that the xenophobic attacks revealed that the previously colonised or oppressed black people in South Africa reacted with regard to the assimilation of the master and its slave narrative and dialect. Theories of oppression and slavery posit that patterns of colonialism reoccur and manifest themselves both internally and externally within society. A serious debate is necessary to question whether the incidents came at a time that South Africa should have reflected on society’s interaction with foreign immigrants. / Political Sciences / M.A. (Politics)

The earlier optimism generated by the efficacy of antiretroviral drugs in human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) patients has been dissipated in the face of the enormous chal-lenge of maintaining a nearly perfect adherence indefinitely. This study set to determine the influence of HIV adherence self-efficacy and beliefs about medicines on antiretrovi-ral therapy adherence, with the aim of developing a framework for enhancing antiretrovi-ral therapy (ART) adherence through focused intervention on modifiable factors from study variables that are strongly associated with ART adherence. A descriptive correlational design was used to assess the predictive relationships of HIV adherence Self-Efficacy, Beliefs about Medicines and ART adherence among 232 HIV-infected patients in a large public health facility in Pretoria. Participants' medication be-liefs were assessed using the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire, HIV adherence self-efficacy was assessed with HIV adherence self-efficacy scale (HIV-ASES) and ART adherence was assessed using the AIDS Clinical Trial Group questionnaire. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess bivariate associations among the variables, and multiple regression analysis was used to examine the relationships among the inde-pendent variables and ART adherence. Mean adherence for the 232 participants was 95% (SD=13.2). Correlation analysis re-vealed positive bivariate associations between perceived general harm and overuse of medications, and ART adherence (p<0.05); between specific necessity and concerns about ARVs, and perceived general harm and overuse of medications (p<0.05); be-tween HIV adherence self efficacy and ART non-adherence (p<0.05). Multiple regres-sion analysis showed significance for perceived general harm and overuse of medica-tions on ART adherence (F(1;231)=11,583;p<0,001) with perceived general harmful ef-fects and overuse of medications explaining 4.8% of the variance. There was signifi-cance for HIV adherence self-efficacy on ART non-adherence (F(1;41)=4.440; p<0.041), with HIV-ASES explaining 9,8% of the variance. Based on the results, a framework for enhancing ART adherence was developed. Activities in the framework consist of baseline screening for adherence facilitators and barriers using the beliefs about medicine questionnaire and HIV ASES, this is followed by focused interventions on identified barriers of ART adherence / Health Studies / D.Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

Criminology and Security Science / D. Litt. et Phil. (Criminology)

Despite there being general agreement that SMEs are valuable in the global and South African economy to aid in creating jobs and in growing the economy, few benefits accrue to these enterprises as they endure a number of challenges which make them unsustainable. This research aimed to investigate the sustainability of SMEs in Tshwane townships, with an aim to design a framework that could be used by other SMEs that intend to enter the tourism industry, to ensure that they are sustainable and can contribute towards the expansion of the South African economy. The primary data was collected through a questionnaire, which was used to obtain information on Tshwane township tourism SMEs, as a way of detecting whether they were sustainable or not. The results indicated that the Tshwane township tourism SMEs were very small enterprises created by owners who were passionate about the tourism product. These enterprises have not been able to grow and employ more people but have provided employment and survival income for the owner and, in some cases, two additional people. SMEs face various challenges relating to sustainability, one of the main challenges being financial stability. SMEs are therefore unable to play their intended role in the creation of employment as well as in contributing to the economy as a whole. In an attempt to assist the owners and/or managers of SMEs to fulfil their roles, an SME framework was developed in the course of the present research. This framework comprises a step-by-step guide that asks all the relevant questions aimed at getting to know the business and culminating in a range of recommendations that could assist in making these SMEs sustainable. / Entrepreneurship and Supply Chain, Transport, Tourism and Logistics Management / M. Com. (Tourism Management)