The aim of this study has been to take part of six ex-alcohol addicts’ narratives about their lives with starting-point in which factors that has been significant and/or determining to be able to leave a life in abuse and what change this process has implied for their identity. To achieve the purpose with this study has three questions been formulated. These are what in the person’s life have been important in the process of a life free from alcohol, what were specific and decisive that effected the decision to stop using alcohol and what is the attitude to them self and their new role as an ex-alcohol addict.   Alcohol is a drug that is legal and accepted in the society and it´s hard to discover an addiction. Some people can handle to take their self out of the alcohol abuse on their own but for others different forms of professional help are necessary. This is a process that often takes long time and is influenced of both the individuals own efforts and different factors in the surroundings. To answer the aim and the questions the study is based on qualitative interviews. In our analysis to understand and interpret the material we have used earlier studies, social psychological theory whit an putting of symbolical interaction from roles and identity and how the individual define his or her situation. All the respondents in this study have received some kind of professional help and underwent treatment for their addiction. This has for everyone also been preceded by one or several of negative incidents that have been the trigger factor in the seeking relief. For five people treatment has been considerable and/or a crucial part to become free from the alcohol addiction. Also other insertion of support after the treatment has been important for all of them. Other factory that has been important in the process is positive refutation and support from other people in the surrounding.

No description available.

The ability to produce precision ring shaped parts using the turning process depends significantly on the workholding characteristics. Workholding parameters such as the number of jaws and chucking force are known to influence the roundness tolerance of ring shaped parts commonly used in bearing applications. Experimental trial and error methods are often used in practice to optimize the workholding parameters to achieve the desired part quality. This thesis develops a systematic mathematical approach for optimizing these parameters using a finished cut roundness prediction model and a model for determining the reaction force between the chuck jaws and the ring. The roundness prediction model is verified through experiments for different cutting conditions. The optimization approach takes as input the required roundness tolerance, geometry and mechanical properties of the ring, cutting forces, and the coefficient of friction between the jaws and the ring. The output consists of the minimum number of jaws and the range of acceptable chucking forces that satisfy the required tolerance while preventing slip of the ring. Simulation examples are used to illustrate the proposed workholding optimization approach for a hard turning application. In addition, based on the optimization model, the thesis proposes a novel concept of dynamic chucking force control that promises to yield part roundness that is superior to conventional chucking.

In this thesis, ridge waveguide laser, quantum well intermixing, 1x1 and 2x2 optical switching and ring resonator with multimode-waveguide turning mirror couplers have been investigated. We develop a new design that the perturbation is the minimum when the crossing occurs at the self-image location in a low-loss multimode waveguide. We use a center-fold low-loss multimode waveguide with a single self image at the center. Such waveguides can cross at 90 degrees or 60 degrees at the center with minimal cross talk. One can reflect the incident mode into an intersecting waveguide by introducing an idea reflecting plane. In practice, the reflector is replaced by a plane for total internal reflection with correction for Goos-Hanchen shift. Passive component for£f = 1.41 £gm samples, 1x1 60-degree multimode-waveguide turning mirror, 1x1 90-degree multimode-waveguide turning mirror, 2x2 90-degree multimode-waveguide turning mirror and a single ring resonator with 2x2 multimode-waveguide turning mirror couplers have been fabricated. (1) The multimode-waveguide turning mirror coupler with cross coupling factor (K) of 0.15 is achieved by an etched facet with a correction for Goos-Hanchen shift. (2) The length of the multimode-waveguide turning mirror coupler is only 33% of the length of conventional straight 2x2 MMI coupler with K=0.15. (3) The circumference of the curve waveguide in this ring resonator is decreased by 50%. (4) The characterization of the InP-based single ring resonator incorporating 2x2 multimode-waveguide turning mirror couplers with K= 0.15 has a free spectral range of 82 GHz, a contrast of 4 dB, and a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 0.24 nm for the drop port. (5) This single resonators in In0.53Ga0.47As/In0.53Ga0.26Al0.21As grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), and In0.67Ga0.33As0.6P0.4/In0.71Ga0.29As0.74P0.26 grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) have been demonstrated, respectively. We have also developed quantum well intermixing technique for the photonic integration. (1) Argon plasma bombardment followed by rapid thermal annealing for InGaAs/InGaAlAs multiple-quantum-well structures grown by MBE has been found to strongly enhance the intensity of room-temperature photoluminescence signal by more than an order of magnitude. The strength of the photoluminescence signal is found to be dependent on the plasma RF power and bombardment time. The resulting blue shift of the photoluminescence wavelength due to quantum well intermixing is found to be under 15 nm. (2) Process combining inductively-coupled-plasma reactive ion etching (ICP-RIE) and SiO2 sputtering film has been investigated for the InGaAsP and InGaAlAs multi-quantum wells (MQWs). Optimal distance is of 300 nm for InGaAsP, and of 200-nm-thick for InGaAlAs between MQWs and the upper cladding by ICP-RIE and bombardment. The process resulted in a bandgap blue-shift of 90 nm for InGaAsP, and of 60 nm for InGaAlAs. The result is very useful to regrown, the sacrificing layer and to integrate the fabrication.

The reported study investigated temporal agency (i.e., the assignment of cause for temporal shift) in newlyweds’ courtship narratives. Transcripts of courtship narratives generated by each partner of 23 recently married couples (approximately 3 months) participating in the PAIR project (Huston, McHale, & Crouter, 1986) were analyzed for the presence of different linguistic strategies for encoding temporal shift. Statements were coded as “human agency assignments” when they assigned the cause of temporal shift to humans (e.g., we started seeing each other in June); statements that assigned temporal shift to abstract entities such as the events themselves (e.g., the summer started out well for us) or to the relationship (e.g., the relationship started to slow down) were coded as “abstract agency assignments.” The frequency with which narrators mentioned positiveand negative emotions was also coded to explore the possibility that emotional valence mediated agency assignments. The frequency of different agency assignments and emotion words were considered in the context of portions of the courtship accounts that narrators designated as describing “upturns” (episodes that increased the likelihood of marriage) or “downturns” (episodes that decreased marriage likelihood). Results indicated that the frequency of human agency assignments and positive emotion mention were higher in upturn than downturn narrative segments; in contrast, abstract agency assignments and negative emotion mention were more frequent in downturn than upturn segments. Subsequent analyses indicated that positive word mention partially mediated human agency assignments in upturns and that negative word mention partially mediated abstract agency assignments in downturns. These findings are consistent with previous research demonstrating an association between the emotional valence of an event and temporal agency assignment: In general, people assign temporal agency to themselves when describing positive events, but prefer abstract agency assignments for negative events (McGlone & Pfiester, 2009). / text

This thesis aims to examine how hindbrain spinal projection neurons (SPNs), namely RoV3, MiV1 and MiV2 control tail undulations during turning behaviors. I find that phototaxic turns differ from forward swims by an increased tail bend and a prolonged cycle period during the first undulation, while the later undulations are largely identical. Interestingly, laser ablation of RoV3, MiV1 and MiV2 neurons specifically affects the first undulation cycle by reducing the tail bend and the cycle period. Thus fish without the SPNs mainly perform forward swims in response to the turn-inducing phototaxic cues. These results suggest that the descending motor command that generates turns in larval zebrafish are composed of two pathways: one generates symmetric tail undulations, and the other, mediated by RoV3, MiV1 and MiV2 neurons, provides a brief and biased effect that modulates the first cycle of tail movement. Furthermore, fish whose unilateral SPNs are ablated are unable to perform turns toward the ablated side during the phototaxis, the optomotor response, the dark-flash response, and spontaneous swims, indicating the universal role of the SPNs in controlling visually-induced and spontaneous turns. Simultaneous two-photon calcium imaging and motor nerve recording in paralyzed fish show that RoV3, MiV2 and most MiV1 neurons on the turning side are active during turns, and that these activities are linearly correlated to the vigor of the intended turns. However, some MiV1 neurons are broadly tuned for all swimming directions. Computer simulations suggest that unilateral descending innervations to a specific type of spinal interneurons, namely commissural inhibitory interneurons, can generate a two-fold increase in the spinal network’s cycle period. This suggests that the SPNs could potentially innervate two types of spinal interneurons, namely \(CoBL_{gly}\) and CoLo, in order to control the rhythm during turns. An additional chapter of this thesis examines the ontogeny of operant and classical learning behaviors in zebrafish. Using strategically positioned visual cues paired with electroshocks, I find that both learning behaviors are expressed reliably around week 3, and reach adult performance levels at week 6. These memories are behaviorally expressed in adults for 6 hours and retrievable for 12 hours.

No description available.

No description available.

Denna studie syftar till att studera hur före detta kriminella väljer att framställa sig själva genom sina livsberättelser. Vi ämnar undersöka ungdomar som har ett kriminellt liv bakom sig, genom att lyssna på deras livshistorier. Genom dessa berättelser vill vi få fram vilka faktorer respondenterna anser varit väsentliga under deras väg genom det kriminella och vilka vändpunkter som funnits under denna tid. Den narrativa metoden valdes som verktyg för att söka svar på våra frågeställningar. Materialet samlades in genom kvalitativa intervjuer med nio före detta kriminella ungdomar som är aktiva i Unga KRIS. Teorin som användes har rötter inom symbolisk interaktionism. Resultatet har varit att utanförskap och uppmärksamhet i ung ålder är en viktig faktor enligt många av respondenterna för att ett kriminellt beteende ska utvecklas. I äldre åldrar blir gruppdynamiken och berusningsmedel väsentliga faktorer som lett till att de fortsatt med det kriminella. Respondenternas vändpunkter har funnits i olika former och lett till stora skillnader i sina liv. / This study aims to study how former criminals choose to portray themselves through their life- stories . We intend to study young former criminals, by listening to their lifestory. Through these stories, we want to find out which factors our respondents believe has been essential during their way through the criminal life and which turning points that have existed during this time. We chose the narrative method as a tool to seek answers to our question. The material was collected through interviews with nine former criminal youth, who are active in Unga KRIS. The theory used, has its roots in symbolic interactionism. The result has been that exclusion and attention at a young age, is an important factor as for many of our respondents. In older ages group dynamics and intoxicants are significant factors that led to the continuation of the criminal according to our respondents. Our respondents’ turning points have been found in various forms and lead to large differences in our respondents' lives.

Summary of exegesis A review and critique of some of the most popular screenwriting concepts as well as a proposal for a screenplay model that seeks to conceptually synthesise character with structure. Summary of Screenplay When Andrew's infamous punk band is forced to earn extra money playing part-time as a children's act they unexpectedly discover a potentially lucrative market for their music. Unfortunately, playing to screaming three year olds is not the rock and roll lifestyle Andrew was hoping for as he approaches his thirtieth birthday. Tensions within the band grow and the old friends are forced to decide not only the future of their music, but also rest of their lives.