abstract: ABSTRACT This study explored the functions of dialogue in emerging adults' moral turning points. Through purposive sampling, the researcher interviewed 10 emerging adults between 25 and 30 years old about experiences of turning point conversations during the years of 18 and 25. This study employed constant comparative and grounded theory methodologies to analyze messages reported in memorable conversations during this period. Results indicated that dialogue functioned to educate, disturb, and maintain emerging adults' moral perception during this period of moral reorientation. Subcategories under each included dialogue that functioned to explain, invite, warn, direct or instruct, challenge, persuade, agitate, expose, inquire, legitimize, co-reflect, redefine, and affirm or reinforce. This report cites passages from interview data to highlight how dialogic themes informed or shaped changes in moral perception. In each participant's self-reported turning point conversations there was an admixture of dialogic functions at work. Notably, participants' experience of moral turning (degree and trajectory) varied despite there being similarity in intended functions of dialogue. / Dissertation/Thesis / IRB Approval Form / M.A. Communication Studies 2010

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Over the past few years, White Americans have been exposed to moments of "racial reckonings" –where America was forced to realize racial injustice—often caused by police killings of Black Americans. The summer of 2020 sparked various discussions about White allies and their role in racial justice. Previous scholarship has explored White racial awakenings, also referred to as turning points, when White allies transition into allyship; however, little is known about how these narratives affect White allies' definitions and practices of White allyship. By interviewing self-identifying White allies in college, I examine types of turning point narratives and how they correspond to understandings of ally definitions and practices. I argue that experiencing turning points led White allies to similar definitions and practices of White allyship depending on whether these points occurred in routine or non-routine White experiences. Turning points that arise from typical White experiences (exposure to diversity and education) led White allies to common allyship failures and complicity with racialized structures. Alternatively, turning points resulting from uncommon White experiences (exposure to protests and diverse families) led allies to definitions and practices representing non-complicity with racialized structures. / Master of Science / Over the past few years, White Americans have been exposed to moments of race related dialogues, often caused by police killings of Black Americans. The summer of 2020 sparked various discussions about White allies and their role in racial justice. Previous scholarship has explored White racial awakenings, also referred to as turning points, when White allies transition into allyship; however, little is known about how these narratives affect White allies' definitions and practice of White allyship. By interviewing self-identifying White allies in college, I examine types of turning points and how they correspond ally definitions and practices. I argue that experiencing turning points led White allies to similar definitions and practices of White allyship depending on whether these points occurred in routine or non-routine White experiences. Turning points that arise from typical White experiences (exposure to diversity and education) led White allies to common allyship failures. Alternatively, turning points resulting from uncommon White experiences (exposure to protests and diverse families) led allies to beneficial definitions and practices of allyship.

Exclusive breastfeeding for at least six months and continued breastfeeding for the first year or two is promoted as the preferred method for feeding infants. In the United States, about 79% of infants are ever breastfed and less than 27% are breastfed through the first year (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014b). The purpose of this study was to understand the role of breastfeeding experiences and underlying factors that may facilitate the maintenance of breastfeeding one’s first child as well as the re-engagement in breastfeeding with one's second child. This dissertation includes two quantitative studies using secondary data and one qualitative study involving data specifically collected for this study. The quantitative studies used data from the Infant Feeding Practices Study II and the Year 6 Follow Up surveys. Findings indicate barriers in the early breastfeeding experience (pain, trouble with milk supply, and trouble with the baby’s suck or latch) are associated with less time spent in breastfeeding maintenance among first-time mothers and experiencing trouble with the first baby’s suck or latch is associated with non-initiation with one's second child. Conversely, as levels of perceived breastfeeding self-efficacy, opinion about the best way to feed a baby, and belief about breast milk increased, or became more pro-breastfeeding over time, time spent in breastfeeding maintenance among first-time mothers also increased. Those with a high level of response efficacy were also more likely to initiate breastfeeding with a second child. In the qualitative study, 28 first-time mothers who recently stopped breastfeeding and live in Iowa participated in semi-structured interviews. The objectives of this third study were to understand and describe first-time mothers’ experiences of infant feeding throughout the entire breastfeeding maintenance period, and explore how contextual factors may act as facilitators or barriers to breastfeeding maintenance by identifying common turning points. Turning points were defined as events or periods in time perceived as personally significant, that promoted a change, maintenance, or where a new meaning associated with the experience was acquired. Findings include seven turning points (breastfeeding problems, overcoming the unknown, recurring stressors, learning how to live life with the new baby, re-entering social roles, special occasions, and letting go) that were usually associated with stressful situations. The availability of intrapersonal (e.g., individual determination) and interpersonal (e.g., social support from others) coping resources at these turning points facilitated breastfeeding maintenance. The first study is significant in the longitudinal consideration of both experiences and changes in intrapersonal and interpersonal factors and how these changes relate to breastfeeding maintenance. The second study is significant with the focus on multiparous mothers and the effect of previous breastfeeding thoughts and experiences on breastfeeding initiation with a second child. The third study is unique in the identification of breastfeeding turning points that may lead to identifying opportune times and strategies for maintenance interventions. Findings from these studies have implications for intervention planning and future research. The synthesis of findings across the three studies suggests the early breastfeeding period is paramount to breastfeeding maintenance, along with the role of one’s social environment, particularly the perceived availability of social support to meet mothers' needs. Finally, findings from this dissertation can be used to improve social support provision and multi-level interventions targeting mothers’ most salient needs at the most opportune times.

BAKGRUND: Anorexia nervosa är latin och betyder ”nervös aptitlöshet” och det som präglar sjukdomen är självförvållad svält. Sjukdomen börjar vanligtvis med en bantning för att gå ned i vikt som spårar ur.  Anorexia nervosa förkommer hos cirka 1 % unga kvinnor, vilka också är de som drabbas i störst utsträckning. En rad allvarliga somatiska komplikationer kan ses till följd av sjukdomen som i svåra fall kan leda till döden.  Sjukdomen är individuell och det finns av den anledningen ingen självklar behandling. SYFTE: Syftet med studien är att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser av vändpunkter vid anorexia nervosa efter tillfrisknande. METOD: Fem självbiografier analyserades med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. RESULTAT: Den kvalitativa innehållsanalysen resulterade i fyra kategorier som beskrev vändpunkter vid anorexia nervosa efter tillfrisknande: Sjukdomsinsikt, Motivation, Tillit samt Beslut. Tillfriskningsprocessen har visat sig vara individuell och olika kvinnor i studien har upplevt olika kombinationer av de nämnda vändpunkterna i tillfrisknandet. DISKUSSION: Sjukdomsinsikt har visat sig vara den viktigaste vändpunkten vid tillfrisknande i anorexia nervosa. Om en person inte vet om att hon eller han är sjuk, är det svårt att bli frisk. / BACKGROUND: Anorexia nervosa is latin for “nervous appetite lose” and what characterizes the disease is self-starvation. It usually starts with dieting to lose weight which loses control. Anorexia nervosa exists in about 1 % of all young women, and young women are also in the front of the disease. A number of serious somatic complications can follow the disease which in severe cases can cause death. The disease is individual and there is no obvious treatment. AIM: The aim of the study is to describe woman’s experiences of the turning-points in anorexia nervosa after recovery. METHOD: Five autobiographies were analyzed with qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: Qualitative analyses revealed four core categories who described the turning points of recovery in anorexia nervosa: Awareness of disease, Motivation, Trust and Decision. The recovery has proved to be individual and different women in the study have experienced different combinations of those turning-points for recovery. DISCUSSION: Awareness of disease provides to be the most essential turning-point for recovery in anorexia nervosa. If a person doesn’t know she or he is sick, there is no reason to get well.

The reported study investigated temporal agency (i.e., the assignment of cause for temporal shift) in newlyweds’ courtship narratives. Transcripts of courtship narratives generated by each partner of 23 recently married couples (approximately 3 months) participating in the PAIR project (Huston, McHale, & Crouter, 1986) were analyzed for the presence of different linguistic strategies for encoding temporal shift. Statements were coded as “human agency assignments” when they assigned the cause of temporal shift to humans (e.g., we started seeing each other in June); statements that assigned temporal shift to abstract entities such as the events themselves (e.g., the summer started out well for us) or to the relationship (e.g., the relationship started to slow down) were coded as “abstract agency assignments.” The frequency with which narrators mentioned positiveand negative emotions was also coded to explore the possibility that emotional valence mediated agency assignments. The frequency of different agency assignments and emotion words were considered in the context of portions of the courtship accounts that narrators designated as describing “upturns” (episodes that increased the likelihood of marriage) or “downturns” (episodes that decreased marriage likelihood). Results indicated that the frequency of human agency assignments and positive emotion mention were higher in upturn than downturn narrative segments; in contrast, abstract agency assignments and negative emotion mention were more frequent in downturn than upturn segments. Subsequent analyses indicated that positive word mention partially mediated human agency assignments in upturns and that negative word mention partially mediated abstract agency assignments in downturns. These findings are consistent with previous research demonstrating an association between the emotional valence of an event and temporal agency assignment: In general, people assign temporal agency to themselves when describing positive events, but prefer abstract agency assignments for negative events (McGlone & Pfiester, 2009). / text

Denna studie syftar till att studera hur före detta kriminella väljer att framställa sig själva genom sina livsberättelser. Vi ämnar undersöka ungdomar som har ett kriminellt liv bakom sig, genom att lyssna på deras livshistorier. Genom dessa berättelser vill vi få fram vilka faktorer respondenterna anser varit väsentliga under deras väg genom det kriminella och vilka vändpunkter som funnits under denna tid. Den narrativa metoden valdes som verktyg för att söka svar på våra frågeställningar. Materialet samlades in genom kvalitativa intervjuer med nio före detta kriminella ungdomar som är aktiva i Unga KRIS. Teorin som användes har rötter inom symbolisk interaktionism. Resultatet har varit att utanförskap och uppmärksamhet i ung ålder är en viktig faktor enligt många av respondenterna för att ett kriminellt beteende ska utvecklas. I äldre åldrar blir gruppdynamiken och berusningsmedel väsentliga faktorer som lett till att de fortsatt med det kriminella. Respondenternas vändpunkter har funnits i olika former och lett till stora skillnader i sina liv. / This study aims to study how former criminals choose to portray themselves through their life- stories . We intend to study young former criminals, by listening to their lifestory. Through these stories, we want to find out which factors our respondents believe has been essential during their way through the criminal life and which turning points that have existed during this time. We chose the narrative method as a tool to seek answers to our question. The material was collected through interviews with nine former criminal youth, who are active in Unga KRIS. The theory used, has its roots in symbolic interactionism. The result has been that exclusion and attention at a young age, is an important factor as for many of our respondents. In older ages group dynamics and intoxicants are significant factors that led to the continuation of the criminal according to our respondents. Our respondents’ turning points have been found in various forms and lead to large differences in our respondents' lives.

Summary of exegesis A review and critique of some of the most popular screenwriting concepts as well as a proposal for a screenplay model that seeks to conceptually synthesise character with structure. Summary of Screenplay When Andrew's infamous punk band is forced to earn extra money playing part-time as a children's act they unexpectedly discover a potentially lucrative market for their music. Unfortunately, playing to screaming three year olds is not the rock and roll lifestyle Andrew was hoping for as he approaches his thirtieth birthday. Tensions within the band grow and the old friends are forced to decide not only the future of their music, but also rest of their lives.

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Ungdomsbrottslighet är ett aktuellt problem som finns i Sverige och framställs i media att den ökar, vilket inte stämmer då det finns rapporter och statistik på att det har skett en minskning. Statistik är en viktig del i brottspreventivt syfte eftersom den hjälper forskare få en bild av hur omfattande ungdomsbrottsligheten är, dess utveckling, omfattning, dess minskande och om det förekommer skillnader mellan de olika regionerna i Sverige. ”Detta var min vändpunkt” är en studie vars syfte är att granska varför ungdomar i kriminalitet slutar att begå brott och även undersöka vilka deras vändpunkt/er var utifrån teoretikerna Robert Sampson och John Laubs teori om vändpunkter. Frågeställningarna som uppsatsen behandlat är: vad fick vissa ungdomar att sluta begå brott, finns det vändpunkter för ungdomsbrottslingar samt om någon av dessa vändpunkter var relationer, miljöombyte eller sysselsättning.För att undersöka och besvara dessa frågor har en kvalitativ ansats använts. Tre stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med medlemmar från Unga Kris. Resultatet analyserades och diskuterades utifrån teorin om turning points samt tidigare forskning. Frågeställningarna besvarades och det informanterna uppgav har varit mest betydelsefullt för att avsluta en brottslig karriär är självinsikt, sysselsättning och relationer till nära och kära. Vändpunkter som har varit bidragande faktorer har varit sysselsättning, inre motivation, nära till förlust av närstående vilket ledde till en vilja att förändra sin levnadssituation. / Juvenile delinquency is a current problem that exists in the Swedish society which is portrayed as increasing, which is not true since there are reports and statistics that there is a decreasing level of juvenile delinquency .Statistics is an important part of crime prevention because it helps scientists understand the extent of juvenile delinquency, its development, its range, its increase and decrease and whether there are differences between the different regions in Sweden. But who are the young people that represent the statistic and why did they stop commit crime?This was my turning point is a study which aims to examine why young people involved in crime stop committing crimes and also examine their turning point/ s which is based on the theorists Robert Sampson and John Laubs theory of turning points .To examine and answer these questions, a qualitative approach was used. Three semi-structured interviews were conducted with members of the Young Kris. The results were analyzed and discussed based on the theory of turning points and previous research. The informants stated that the meaningful factors that lead to the end of their criminal career were self-perception, occupation and relationships with loved ones. Turning points that have been contributing factors was inner motivation, imprisonment, and loss of relatives, which led to a desire to change their life situation.