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財政分權對中國大陸城鄉居民收入差距之影響 / The impact of fiscal decentralization on regional urban-rural income differential in China黃立凱 Unknown Date (has links)
1994年財政分權以後,中國大陸城鄉收入差距經歷了一段縮小又擴大的變化,許多學者開始將研究焦點放在財政分權對於城鄉收入差距的影響層面。為了瞭解財政分權對於城鄉收入差距到底造成何種影響,本研究目的有以下三點:一、為探討財政分權對於城鄉收入差距是否造成影響,二、為瞭解制度因素、地方政府財政支出對於城鄉收入差距是否造成影響,三、有鑑於財政上絕對財政中央集權與財政地方分權可能是造成城鄉收入差距擴大的兩個極端,不同於過去的相關研究,本研究認為財政分權與城鄉收入差距間,可能存在非線性的關係,因此在本研究中變數中加入財政分權平方項,對於這樣的假設進行檢測。
本研究針對中國大陸1995至2008年29個省市地區資料,以雙因子固定效果模型進行研究。根據實證結果顯示,在財政自主分權指標對於城鄉收入差距的影響層面,在財政自主小於臨界水準時,隨著財政自主逐漸提高,將會縮小城鄉收入差距;但其負向效果將隨著財政自主提高後逐漸減弱,到達某個臨界水準後,財政自主對於城鄉收入差距的影響將由負轉正。意即中國大陸地方政府財政自主分權指標與城鄉收入差距間呈現非線性的關係,而是呈現類似正U型的曲線。在其他影響城鄉收入差距的變數方面上,本研究發現二元經濟結構係數、財政支出分權指標對於城鄉收入差距有正向的影響,而科技技術財政支出對於城鄉收入差距有負向的影響。透過本研究之結果,可以解釋財政分權對於城鄉收入差距影響結論不一致的說法,進而瞭解縮小地區性城鄉收入差距的最適財政分權程度。 / This purpose of this study is to investigate the changes in mainland China’s regional urban-rural income differential and its determinants during the period of 1995 to 2008. This study uses provincial-level data to analyze whether or not fiscal decentralization provides a positive effect for urban-rural income differential.In order to examine the role of fiscal decentralization in China's regional urban-rural income differential, this study establishes two empirical models with the square term of fiscal decentralization as an independent variable. After we estimate the two-way fixed-effects model of the urban-rural income differential equation, the empirical result shows the financial autonomy of local governments in China and regional urban-rural income differential relationship is nonlinear, but the show is U-shaped curve.
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中國大陸財政地方分權對各省市地區房地產價格的影響 / The influence of fiscal decentralization on the real estate price in China林婷婷, Lin, Ting Ting Unknown Date (has links)
近年來,隨著中國大陸經濟快速的成長,中國大陸房地產市場也隨之蓬勃發展,然而,近期中國大陸房地產價格的節節高漲,產生了房地產過熱的警訊,而區域間房地產價格的差異與不均,也成為各地區經濟發展的重要阻礙。所以,如何合理的調控房地產價格,使房地產市場能穩定成長並與經濟發展相輔相成,成為中國大陸中央政府必須持續關注與適時妥善處理的問題。
本文運用1999年至2010年中國大陸31個省市地區商品房平均銷售價格和影響房價的經濟相關變數的追蹤資料,運用雙因子固定效果模型進行實證研究。研究結果發現:中國大陸各地區財政分權程度對各地區房地產價格為非線性的關係,呈現U型的曲線。意即,存在一個財政分權的臨界值可以使房價達到最小的情況。建議中央政府應透過調整各地區的財政分權程度,來避免因財政分權不均而產生財政資源不均問題,造成房地產價格的波動。並加強對地方政府的財政預算與財政收入的監督與管制,以抑止「土地財政」的行為。 / With the economic growth, the real estate market is booming in China recently. But the overheating real estate price and the difference of real estate price between region and region become the important impediment to regional economic development in China. Therefore, the central government how to control the real estate price is an immense problem.
By using the panel data of average selling price of commercialize buildings and the economic variables of 31cities in China between 1999 and 2010, the study uses two-way fixed effects model to investigate the effect of fiscal decentralization on the real estate price in China.
The empirical analysis’ result shows that the fiscal decentralization provides a non-linear effect on the real estate price, it presents the U-shaped curve. In other words, there are a degree of fiscal decentralization can make the real estate price to reach the minimum. According to results, we propose to take some policies. The central government should adjust the degree of fiscal decentralization in each region, in order to avoid the local government financial problem to lead to rise the real estate price.
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