Many people have realized that urban design is one of the most important features to determine the real estate price. However, there are rare studies to explain the effect of urban design on the real estate price due to its intangible characteristic. This study is intended to demonstrate the relationship between land prices in the commercial area and urban design quality and physical features of lands using the hedonic price model. First, physical features that affected the real estate price are analyzed through literature reviews. Next, by literature reviews, the study to measure urban design quality quantitatively is also introduced. Then, urban design quality of 14 subject streets in Austin, Texas is evaluated using the measurement instrument after selecting 14 subject streets among all of Austin streets. Finally, the explanation model to demonstrate the relationship between the land price, and urban design quality and physical features is built by the hedonic price model. The model displays that urban design quality has a great influence on the land price in commercial areas in Austin, Texas. In addition, the influence of urban design quality is revealed largely in comparison to other physical features. The significance of this study is to analyze and demonstrate what we intuitively believe by statistical and quantitative methods. / text

Real estate market is the topic I have chosen for my thesis. The thesis focuses on the problem of real estate prices in the Czech Republic. The price trend can be tracked just since 1990s. As a result of missing relevant data no complete analysis of real estate market has been published so far. This is also one of the reasons I have chosen this particular topic. The first part of my work covers features and special characteristics of the Czech real estate market. It is important to describe the economic situation and the role of the state before analysing single factors to influence real estate market. Therefore macroeconomic indicators and their development can be found in this part. The financial crisis and its impact cannot be ignored either. The second part of the work is pointed to the analysis of the factors that influence prices on the real estate market. The aim of the work is to describe the development of the factors and assess their importance. The factors can be divided into supply and demand oriented and the majors are: demographics, disposable income, interest rate and building development. Price development on the RE market is also described in the work. At the end of the work the introduced facts are summed up and a try to a prognosis of the future development is made.

The main goal, of this work on the topic The real estate development in The Czech Republic in association with the global economic crisis, is to find out the essential determinants, which can influence the real estate market. In last period we are witness of discussion on the topic price bubble. This bubble should have been to see in date until 2008. In my work I will try to analyze, if it is true or not. The essential output of my work is analysis of relationship of real estate's price development in relation to whole economy. Because of economic crisis is better view of whole analysis.

La présence de dépendance spatiale des prix immobiliers impose aux méthodes d’estimation de prendre en compte cet élément. Les deux approches de la statistique spatiale sont l’économétrie spatiale et la géostatistique. La géostatistique estime directement la matrice de variance-covariance en supposant que la covariance entre les observations dépend inversement de la distance séparant leur localisation. L’économétrie spatiale définit et intègre la matrice d’interaction spatiale dans un modèle de régression hédonique. Si ces deux méthodes sont possibles pour étudier la dépendance spatiale des prix immobiliers dans des contextes variés, il n’existe cependant pas de règles très claires quant au choix de la méthode à sélectionner. Cette thèse procède à un examen détaillé de ces deux approches afin de pouvoir en distinguer les ressemblances et les différences, les avantages et les inconvénients. Des exemples d’application de chaque approche dans une étude immobilière sont présentés. La géostatistique est utilisée pour analyser la stationnarité du variogramme, ainsi que la sensibilité du variogramme aux paramètres de l’estimation hédonique. Le modèle d’économétrie spatiale est utilisé pour tenter d’identifier économétriquement le quartier dominant du marché immobilier d’une ville / Geostatistics and spatial econometrics are two spatial statistical approaches used to deal with spatial dependence. Geostatistics estimates directly the variance-covariance matrix by assuming that the covariance among observations depends inversely on the distance between their locations, called the covariogram. Spatial econometrics defines and integrates the spatial interaction matrix in a hedonic regression model. In real estate, price estimation should take into account these spatial characteristics because property prices are correlated. Hence, these two approaches are commonly used to study the spatial dependence of the real estate prices in many contexts. However, a definite rule in selection these statistic approaches has not been established. This thesis examined these two approaches in order to distinguish the similarities, differences, advantages, and disadvantages of each methodology. Some examples of their applications in a real estate study. The geostatistics is used to analyze the stationarity of the variogram and its sensitivity depending on the parameters added in hedonic estimation. The spatial econometric is used to define econometrically the real estate market dominant area

Diploma thesis is focused on historical development of block of flats in Brno – Žabovřesky and its impact on the nowdays market prices. Evolution of the district development Brno – Žabovřesky is described in the theoretical part. Different types of residential buildings (block of flats) according to historical development are also characterized in this chapter. The practical part of diploma thesis is focused on analysis of bordered flat market and comparison to the particular types of development. The main aim of this work is to determine which historical period of block of flats development is important and which less for contemporary flat market.

I denna C-uppsats med fördjupning företagsekonomi, har förhållandet mellan Sveriges bostadspriser och aktieindex studerats. Vidare undersökts huruvida bankernas utlåning och Sveriges ekonomiska tillväxt kan komma att fungera som en indikator på OMXS30. I uppsatsen diskuteras metodval och en presentation genomförs av diverse teorier som kan ligga till grund för analysen. Dessutom sammanfattas tidigare studier inom detta område och resultaten analyseras. Denna studie är begränsad till att analysera kvartalsvis data med ett tidsintervall på 23 år, från 1996 till 2019 i Sverige. Författarna ämnade att studera kvartalsvis data för att undersöka förekomsten av trender. Dessa trender kan sedan komma att nyttjas av framtida investerare. Data har analyserats i en korrelationsanalys och i en multipel linjär regressionsanalys. Resultaten visar att det på lång sikt finns en positiv korrelation mellan variablerna “bostadspriser” och “OMXS30”, dock visar resultaten också att sambandet mellan variablerna är negativt, det vill säga att när bostadspriserna ökar, minskar aktieindexet i värde. Bostadspriserna och OMXS30 långsiktiga korrelation kan förklaras av variablerna “bankernas utlåning” och “den ekonomiska tillväxten”, som i stor utsträckning har en positiv inverkan på OMXS30. Resultaten visar även på att det finns en långsiktig positiv korrelation mellan variablerna “bankernas utlåning” och “aktieindexet” enligt studiens korrelations- analys. Dock är sambandet negativt mellan variablerna “bankernas utlåning” och “aktieindexet”, enligt den multipla linjära regressionsanalysen. Utfallet innebär att en ökad bankutlåning, leder till att OMXS30 minskar i värde. Den ekonomiska tillväxten har däremot ett positivt signifikant samband med OMXS30, enligt korrelationsanalysen och den multipla regressionsanalysen. / In this bachelor thesis in business economy, the relationship between the Swedish stock market and real estate prices has been studied. Further an examination was conducted on whether bank lending and the economic growth in Sweden may act as an indicator on OMXS30. The thesis holds a discussion regarding the method of choice, a presentation of the chosen theories that could be used as a foundation for the analysis. Besides that, a summary is conducted on earlier studies on this field and an analysis based on the results was made. This study is limited to analyse quarterly data with a time interval on 23 years, between the years 1996 and 2019 in Sweden. Quarterly data was chosen in order to investigate the presence of different trends, which future investors could use. The data was analysed using a correlation analysis as well as a multiple regression analysis. The result showed an existence of a positive correlation between the variables “real estate prices” and “OMXS30” in the long run, but the result also shows a negative connection which means that a rise in real estate prices will result in a price fall on OMXS30. The long run correlation between real estate prices and OMXS3, can be explained by the variables “bank lending” and “economic growth”, with to a large extent har a positive impact on the OMXS30. The result also show evidence of the existence of positive correlation between bank lending and OMXS30 in the long run, but the connection is negative which means that a rise of bank lending will result in a fall on OMXS30. Contrariwise, according to both the regression and the correlation analysis, there is evidence of a positive significant connection between the economic growth and OMXS30.

This study assess Prague real estate market from price level bubble existence point of view. For this purpose construct loglinear regression models for estimating price level of purchase and renting for several segments on the real estate market. These estimated price levels afterwards compare to theoretical price levels set by user cost concept, which employs fundamental factors such as capital costs, depreciation rates, personal income and property taxes, additional asset risk and expected capital gain. Study concludes that Prague real estate market does not currently experience positive price bubble, even one of the segments assess as underpriced.

The diploma thesis deals with basic terminology and methods for real estate pricing in the theoretical part of the thesis. The description of priced locality, sources and aid materials for real estate inspection are introduced in the thesis. The practical part is focused on the description and pricing ten recreation cottages near town called Jevíčko. The result of the thesis is the comparison of single pricing and assessment of the most convenient pricing method for a particular real estate.

Bewertungen von Immobilien sollen den Marktwert einschätzen und sind notwendig für Kauf-, Verkaufs- und Bauentscheidungen, für die Kreditvergabe und für die Besteuerung. Trotz dieser eindeutigen Aufgabenstellung existierten unterschiedliche Verfahren, mit welchen Marktwerte ermittelt werden können. Ein Bewertungsverfahren soll einerseits mit ökonomischer Theorie vereinbar sein und andererseits Bewertungen generieren, die beobachtete Transaktionspreise gut vorhersagen. Die Dissertation analysiert die drei wichtigsten Bewertungsansätze Sachwert-, Vergleichswert- und Ertragswertverfahren, zeigt das jeweils zugrundeliegende Marktmodell und evaluiert die kodifizierten Verfahren nach der Wertermittlungsverordnung (WertV) anhand von beobachteten Transaktionen. Darüber hinaus gibt die Dissertation einen Überblick zu Immobilienpreisindizes und zu hedonischen Methoden. Für die ökonometrischen Analysen wurden umfangreiche Daten zum Berliner Immobilienmarkt verwendet. / Appraisals should assess the market value of properties and are necessary for buying, selling or building decisions, for lending and for taxation. Despite this unambiguous task different techniques exist for ascertaining market values. An valuation approach should be in accordance with economic theory and should generate appraisals, which are reliable estimates for transaction prices. This dissertation analyzes the three most important valuation approaches, i.e. cost, sales comparison, and income approach, shows the underlying market models and evaluates the valuation techniques that are codified in the German Regulation on Valuation (WertV). For the latter evaluations, appraisals are compared with observed transaction prices. In addition, the dissertation gives an overview on real estate price indices and on the hedonic approach. Extensive data on Berlin's real estate market are used for the econometric analysis.

近年來，隨著中國大陸經濟快速的成長，中國大陸房地產市場也隨之蓬勃發展，然而，近期中國大陸房地產價格的節節高漲，產生了房地產過熱的警訊，而區域間房地產價格的差異與不均，也成為各地區經濟發展的重要阻礙。所以，如何合理的調控房地產價格，使房地產市場能穩定成長並與經濟發展相輔相成，成為中國大陸中央政府必須持續關注與適時妥善處理的問題。 本文運用1999年至2010年中國大陸31個省市地區商品房平均銷售價格和影響房價的經濟相關變數的追蹤資料，運用雙因子固定效果模型進行實證研究。研究結果發現：中國大陸各地區財政分權程度對各地區房地產價格為非線性的關係，呈現U型的曲線。意即，存在一個財政分權的臨界值可以使房價達到最小的情況。建議中央政府應透過調整各地區的財政分權程度，來避免因財政分權不均而產生財政資源不均問題，造成房地產價格的波動。並加強對地方政府的財政預算與財政收入的監督與管制，以抑止「土地財政」的行為。 / With the economic growth, the real estate market is booming in China recently. But the overheating real estate price and the difference of real estate price between region and region become the important impediment to regional economic development in China. Therefore, the central government how to control the real estate price is an immense problem. By using the panel data of average selling price of commercialize buildings and the economic variables of 31cities in China between 1999 and 2010, the study uses two-way fixed effects model to investigate the effect of fiscal decentralization on the real estate price in China. The empirical analysis’ result shows that the fiscal decentralization provides a non-linear effect on the real estate price, it presents the U-shaped curve. In other words, there are a degree of fiscal decentralization can make the real estate price to reach the minimum. According to results, we propose to take some policies. The central government should adjust the degree of fiscal decentralization in each region, in order to avoid the local government financial problem to lead to rise the real estate price.