Ukrainian sacral chant is closely connected with the Byzantine cultural heritage.

The national politics of interwar Poland aimed at the full assimilation of the national minorities, including Ukrainians who lived in the occupied region of Eastern Galicia. This thesis studies the political basis, tools and outcomes of polonization policy during the period between 1918 and 1939 on the territory of Eastern Galicia and its main city Lviv. Deep analysis of Polish and Ukrainian political doctrines, Polish legislation, books, articles and periodical of the interwar period, as well as of modern historiography (both Polish and Ukrainian) resulted in developing of a comprehensive understanding of why the policy of polonization, aimed on population of Eastern Galicia failed to change historical Ukrainian identity. The data gathered in the analysis proves that the Polish government used tremendously rigid, if not brutal, tools of assimilation, and it resulted in rejection of the Polish national identity by Ukrainians. Moreover, confidence in the fact that Ukrainians are nothing more than underdeveloped Poles-to-be rise led to the rise of Ukrainian radical nationalism on the eve of the Second World War. Keywords Ukraine, Poland, National Identity, Assimilation, Polonization, Interwar Period

The following dissertation looked at the problem of Polish foreign policy towards Ukraine between the Orange Revolution and the Euromaidan crisis, as it was expressed in the political rhetoric. Importantly the work drew on the tradition of the Polish émigré journal Kultura and the rich historical background of the Polish-Ukrainian relations. This was done in order to prove the hypothesis that although the recent strategy towards Ukraine borrows from the historical concepts, it does so incoherently. In essence, Polish authorities today prefer to design their own strategy, while references to the Kultura review serve as a bridge to keep a consistent image about Polish Eastern Policy. What has been also discussed was the division between the so-called romantic and pragmatic approach towards Polish Eastern Policy. The dissertation demonstrates that in general the labels are used rather mechanically. As such, it is often difficult to draw the line between romantics and pragmatics among Polish political class. The research was conducted with the use of qualitative content analysis methodology and supported by the constructivist theory. Its results are presented in a form of a set of categories that correspond to the main themes, which have been observed throughout the collected textual material. A...

The thesis deals with the reflection of the Ukrainian question in selected works of members of the first wave of Russian emigration. Attention is paid to four major political streams of Russian emigration - conservative, liberal, left-wing and Eurasian. As part of the content analysis of selected works, the historical topics and figures, the existence of the theme of the anti-Russian plot, the plan for the future arrangement of the Russian-Ukrainian relations, or the way in which the ideas were formulated were examined. A thorough analysis of all these currents revealed that, with the exception of the most leftist Socialist-Revolutionary political stream, no one had counted on the full separation of Ukraine from Russia. Though other thought currents could not imagine the separation of Ukraine, some proposed a solution that would bring more equality in the relationship between the Ukrainians and the Russians than in the pre-revolutionary period, be it the territorial or cultural autonomy of the Ukrainians.

The diploma thesis has the character of descriptive case study and it deals with the system of electronic ordering of terms for applications for residence permits, Visapoint, which was introduced between 2009 and 2017 at selected embassies in third countries, which means countries outside the EU and EEA. The main implementer of the Visapoint, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, since its introduction promised equal, fair and free access for foreigners to reserve a date. However, the operation of the Visapoint was problematic from the beginning. From the foreigner's point of view, it was not possible to register for the application and many of them used the services of illegal intermediaries who filled the deadlines to sell them dearly. The research in the thesis is based on the theory of implementation, namely the top - down model, which was first developed by Sabatier and Mazmanian. The research used qualitative research methods, especially document research, analysis of actors and a combination of structured interview with open questions with the interview using instructions. The research was aimed at visa applicants from Ukraine, where one of the most problematic approaches to applying was. The research shows that Visapoint was chosen correctly as a tool, but its implementation was problematic.

The Russian-Ukrainian tensions have recently sparked greater debates on an international scale, particularly since the Russian attack on Ukrainian independence in 2014. For the purpose of being able to contribute to these, my thesis explores the underlying problems causing this most recent conflict in the modern history. The research will demonstrate that the freedom of religion and the freedom of the media are being held hostage for the political purposes, while causing a deeper social trauma in a form of polarization and identity crisis. The international actors, particularly the EU and NATO are examined along with their efforts, as the blame for the responsibility of the conflict is often put on them. The questions of sovereignty, territorial integrity and unity of the nation are challenged in the chapter overseeing the legislative framework of the parties to the conflict. The methodology used for this research is the analysis of texts and reports with the aim to challenge the Western and Eastern prerogatives, respectively. The findings of the research show a clear and deep relation between the issues of identity, religion and language, while proving their undoubtable influence over the conflict and the struggle between Ukraine’s path forward, specifically choosing between the Western path towards modern democracy or Eastern return to traditional values. The results show that the connection between the national identity and the conflict is important and can bring us to further understand not just the roots of the conflict, but also the possible way out of it.

In the modern competive situation on globalized market it is extremely important to find a comparative advantage that could place the company on the edge of rivalry on the market, either internal or international. Many companies face the issue of the lack or unaccessibility of resources. In such circumstances companies can find appropriate solution in outsourcing or offshoring their processes. In addition, many companies not only adopt outsourcing into the working process, but also build their business around Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO) as a core competency of the company. Outsourcing in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) Industry becomes a leading trend in many areas of economy enabled by fast development of communication technologies.      In this paper we studied outsourcing in general, outsourcing in ICT sector as well as the modern  position of Ukraine on the global ITO market and its perspective of cooperation with Nordic companies.     Theoretical data were analyzed in static, reflecting modern state of affairs in this industry branch, and dynamic way, showing the outcomes of development of the industry in the country during the last few years. Empirical study was fulfilled through a case study. Ukrainian ITO industry was shown as an attractive outsourcing destination for companies from Nordic region, with some drawbacks.

The world has faced tumultuous times in recent years with the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the Russian invasion of Ukraine causing the stock market to be unusually volatile. During such times investors tend to flee to alternative investment opportunities that are uncorrelated or negatively correlated with the stock market, called safe-haven assets. Traditionally, the most prominent safe-haven asset has been gold but with the rise of cryptocurrencies as a new asset class there has been much speculation if they could act as a safe-haven against the stock market. The leading cryptocurrency Bitcoin is often the main target for such research and has even been called “digital gold”. However, some studies have explored the possibility that the second largest cryptocurrency Ethereum has an even greater potential as a safe-have asset. With the stock market crash in 2020 providing the first “real” test if cryptocurrencies can behave as safe-haven assets a myriad of papers on the topic have been published. However, little research has been done taking on the perspective of a Swedish investor. This thesis aims to fill this research gap by investigating whether the two major cryptocurrencies Bitcoin and Ethereum have acted as safe-havens towards the Swedish stock index OMX30 during the COVID-19 crisis and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. For this purpose, DCC-GARCH analysis was conducted, and the results were compared with gold as benchmark of how a more traditional safe-haven asset has behaved. The findings in this study showed that neither Bitcoin or Ethereum have acted as safe-havens during the COVID-19 crisis or the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The study also finds that gold did not act as a safe-haven for the COVID-19 crisis while it did during the Russian invasion of Ukraine. These findings imply that Bitcoin and Ethereum seem to be unable to act as “digital gold” for Swedish investors in a safe-haven and hedging sense. Instead, these cryptocurrencies have only provided diversification benefits during the recent stock market turmoil.

Der Gegensatz zwischen einer schöpferischen Persönlichkeit und der Macht gehört zu den ewigen Themen der menschlichen Kulturgeschichte. Dieses Thema war aktuell sowohl im Zeitalter der ägyptischen Pharaonen als auch in dem der Feudalmonarchien und es bleibt aktuell in unserer Gegenwart. Als ein Teil dieses Weltthemas ist die Frage der sozialen Lage des Komponisten im System eines totalitären Staates zu betrachten, wie es im 20. Jahrhundert über 70 Jahre in der Sowjetunion herrschte. Da es keine allgemeingültige Bestimmung des Begriffes sowie des Wesens eines 'totalitären Staates' gibt, erlaube ich mir, mich eines vom italienischen Schriftsteller Curzio Malaparte geprägten Aphorismus' zu bedienen: 'Was ist ein totalitärer Staat? Das ist ein Staat, in dem alles pfichtgemäß ist, was nicht verboten ist'.

Das Problem der internationalen Wechselwirkungen in der Musikkultur, wie auch in anderen kulturellen Sphären, entsteht immer besonders scharf in solchen Regionen, welche sich historisch als multinationale Gebiete formierten, in denen binnen geraumer Zeit mehrere Ethnien nebeneinander lebten und wirkten. In diesen Regionen gedieh die Kunst auf dem Boden mannigfaltiger nationaler Sitten und Bräuche, Kulturtraditionen, manchmal auch auf dem Boden verschiedener Glaubensrichtungen. Zu diesen Gebieten, in denen sich ein besonders aktives multinationales Milieu entwickelte, gehört zweifellos auch Galizien. Die historische Entwicklung dieses Landes war sehr dramatisch, manchmal gar stürmisch; deshalb soll zunächst eine kurze historische Beschreibung des Landes gegeben werden.