Overqualification is a concern for both individuals and organizations in today's workforce. It has been shown to relate to job attitudes, performance, well-being, and withdrawal. While plenty of research has been done on overqualification in the workplace, there is still a gap in the literature when it pertains to the contingent workforce, especially seasonal workers. These workers do not have secure employment and research has shown that they have distinct outcomes compared to full-time workers. Findings from past research about the relationship between overqualification and job withdrawal have been mixed, and this study aims to further the understanding of this relationship by taking a self-regulatory approach and examining disposition-related and context-related motivational processes that may drive overqualified employees to engage in withdrawal. Drawing on self-determination theory and regulatory focus theory I propose that employees' intrinsic motivation mediates the relationship between perceived overqualification and withdrawal. Additionally, supervisor and coworker support are hypothesized to buffer the overqualification-intrinsic motivation relationship, whereas prevention focus is hypothesized to worsen it. Participants were 66 seasonal workers from an organization in the Western United States. Results did not support the hypothesized relationships, however prevention focus was a marginally-significant moderator of the overqualification-intrinsic motivation relationship in the unexpected direction. I also tested several nonhypothesized relationships and found that promotion focus significantly moderated the overqualification-intrinsic motivation relationship. Implications, limitations and future research directions are discussed.

In this study, we conducted a qualitative exploration of the lived-experiences of underemployed First-Generation College Graduates (FGCG). The purpose of the study was to expand and promote a thoughtful discourse about a more inclusive and domain-sensitive approach to counseling underemployed first-generation college graduates. Participants’ consisted of seven underemployed first-generation college graduates in a small Midwestern city. Participants’ ages ranged from 22 to 30 years old (M= 27.8, SD=2.7). Of the participants, all were Caucasian (5 female, 2 male) and had graduated within the past six years. Using Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR; Hill et al., 2005; Hill, 2012), we conducted seven 60-minute semi-structured individual interviews. Five domains emerged from analysis of the results: (1) Messages concerning the college to work connection, (2) lived-experience of underemployment, (3) perceived barriers to adequate employment, (4) resources and coping strategies, (5) future outlook. Within these domains 10 categories and 29 subcategories emerged. A detailed summary of these results and implications will be provided.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes in the inadequate labor force sector of Taiwan before and after the coming Knowledge-Based Economic Time, which is considered as important to this study. The inadequate labor force sector mentioned above consists of inadequate working hours, low paid and mismatches between educational attainment and occupation. The raw data been used was from Manpower Surveys and Manpower Utilization Surveys Taiwan area, Republic of China by Census Bureau in both year 1991 and 2003. The study reveals the following findings. 1.In the inadequate working hours portion Workers who are male, age 35 to 44, married or cohabited, highest educational attainment is primary school or below, private-sector employed, working in north area of Taiwan and taking the roles as agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry & fishing and craft & related trades workers are significantly easier to fall into the inadequate working hours sector. 2. In the low paid portion Workers who are male, married or cohabited, highest educational attainment is primary school or below, own-account workers, workplace is located in middle area of Taiwan, agricultural, animal husbandry, forestry & fishing workers are significantly easier to fall into the low paid sector. 3. In the portion of mismatches between educational attainment and occupation Workers who are male, age 25 to 34, married or cohabited, highest educational attainment is senior high school & vocational school or above, private-sector employed and working in north area of Taiwan are significantly easier to fall into this sector. Especially, workers who take the roles as prod., machine operators and related workers, plant & machine operators & assemblers , and manufacturing share a large proportion. According to the conclusions above, this study provides typical suggestions for government polices toward utilization of labor force. The given comments will be helpful to the relative researchers in the further.

This thesis analyzes the Turkish unemployment problem in the 2000-2011 period, in a broad and comparative perspective with unemployment problem in the Netherlands, Ireland and Argentina. However, periods of concern for these three countries and Turkey differ, because each country experienced severe unemployment problem in different time periods. The main objective of this thesis is to evaluate current policies dealing with unemployment problem in Turkey and suggest more effective policy alternatives, with reference to successful policies of other countries. It is found that current approach towards unemployment problem in Turkey is inadequate in many aspects / specifically there is no emphasis on job creating policies. Moreover, our discussions on the measurement of labour market indicators in Turkey and general characteristics of Turkish labour market showed that underemployment and marginally attached workers are neglected problems that have to be addressed in policymaking.

Considering the increasing levels of unemployment and underemployment, and the limited evidence concerning the impact of underemployment on health, my study examines the relations between subjective, objective, and time-related underemployment and employees’ health-related quality of life, as manifested through self-rated health, activity limitations and work-related stress. The study compares an expanded model of work-health relations that, along with the factors addressed by control-demand, and social capital theories, includes characteristics of the physical work environment, and employees’ economic class. In addition to the commonly examined factors related to employment and health (control-demand and social capital), my study explores the impact of the work environment (hazards, discomfort and physical demands) and economic class to determine the specific effects of underemployment on an employee’s health-related quality of life. My main argument is that underemployment, in conjunction with lower economic class, higher exposure to a harmful work environment, lack of control over work, and lower social capital, contributes to increased work-related stress and diminishes health-related quality of life. The study applies a mixed methodological approach based on data from the Canadian Work and Lifelong Learning Survey and the US General Social Survey, and qualitative analysis of interviews from the Ontario Survey on Education-Job Requirements Matching. Evidence based on cross-sectional and qualitative data analysis provides consistent findings and confirms the main assumption that high levels of underemployment have a significant effect on employees’ health-related quality of life. The study shows that employees’ economic class, characteristics of work environment and control over work carry the highest associations with health-related quality of life, while underemployment has a significant additive association with health-related quality of life, most importantly with work-related stress.

This thesis project examined underemployment at the state and national levels. Underemployment is the inability of highly skilled migrants with degrees from their home countries to enter the workforce in the receiving country. Pending and enacted legislation was analyzed at the state level to determine in which ways the state of Oregon can implement similar policies to effectively incorporate underemployed immigrants into the state workforce. This project utilized primary data sources at the state and federal level, migrant interviews were used as illustrations of the barriers that exist for underemployed migrants, and secondary data sources from the fields of economics, social sciences, political sciences, and population studies were utilized to provide an understanding of how underemployment is addressed at the national level. Overall, my research found underemployed professional migrants are greatly underutilized, which translates into missed economic opportunities for individual migrants and for the United States as a whole.

Orientador: Rui de Britto Alvares Affonso / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T22:27:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PortugalJunior_JoseGeraldo_D.pdf: 3832968 bytes, checksum: f2ac09b4ecb347ebd73cd7a32d87e813 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O trabalho "Padrões de Heterogeneidade Estrutural no Brasil" procura analisar os problemas do emprego das economias periféricas que se industrializaram com intensidade no pós-guerra, tomando a economia brasileira como caso paradigmático. Os conceitos de "Heterogeneidade Estrutural" e "Subemprego" constituem a base conceitual da pesquisa, desenvolvida no sentido de evidenciar as especificidades da absorção de força de trabalho ao longo da industrialização brasileira. Ou seja, nega que a economia seja uma ciência formada por teorias e conceitos de validade universal e que, portanto, requer desenvolvimentos analíticos específicos para situações específicas. A base conceitual da pesquisa é operacionalizada a partir dos dados dos Censos Demográficos e das PNADs realizados pelo IBGE, procurando mostrar como a heterogeneidade e o subemprego, indicadores da absorção de população economicamente ativa em condições de baixa produtividade do trabalho, perpetuam-se como marcas das transformações da estrutura ocupacional ao longo do tempo, paralelamente à crescente ponderação assumida pela ocupação de elevada produtividade do trabalho. Dividiu-se o período analisado, de 1960 a 2009, de modo a evidenciar as características assumidas pela heterogeneidade estrutural que, ao se transformar ao longo do tempo, altera as formas de sua manifestação concreta e os desenhos e a eficácia das políticas utilizadas no seu enfrentamento / Abstract: The work "Patterns of Structural Heterogeneity in Brazil" analyses the employment problems of the post war industrialization of the peripheral economy, taking the Brazilian experience as a paradigm. The ideas of 'structural heterogeneity' and 'underemployment' form the conceptual framework of the research, turned to show that the absorption of work during the Brazilian industrialization has many peculiarities and differs from that of the developed economies. The work sustains the idea that the theories and concepts of economic science have no universal validity. Consequently, specific situations request for specific analytical efforts. The research works with the IBGE demographic census data showing that the structural heterogeneity and the underemployment, as a sign of the low work productivity of an expressive share of the work force, remain along the changes of the occupational structure of the Brazilian economy despite the growing share of the work force employed by economic activities marked by high levels of work productivity. The work analyses the period between 1960 and 2009 and concludes that the changes of the structural heterogeneity in the long run modify the concrete forms of its manifestation and claims for changes in the policies adopted to reduce it / Doutorado / Teoria Economica / Doutor em Ciências Econômicas

No description available.

Informed by the disciplines of disability studies and interpretive sociology, and using the social model of disability and the collective identity model, this dissertation pursues an investigation of underemployment. Underemployment, conceptualized as the underutilized skills and knowledge of the employed and unemployed, occurs at higher levels amongst disabled persons than among non-disabled people (Canada, 2009). Semi-structured interviews with 14 underemployed disabled people conducted, to investigate the experiences of disabled persons who worked in the fields of education, computer, healthcare, fitness, environment, travel, social work, government and non-government agencies. In addition, Canadian social policies were analyzed to address the research questions: 1) How do disabled workers understand and address experiences of underemployment? 2) How do organizations and social policies account for underemployment amongst disabled persons? 3) How can practices which acknowledge and enhance collective identity be used to address underemployment and advance the disability movement? 4) How can underemployment amongst disabled persons be addressed at the organizational level? The texts of these narratives and Canadian social policies were analyzed using a critical interpretative textual analysis approach. The analysis demonstrates the depths of the negative consequences of high levels of underemployment resulting from structural, environmental and attitudinal barriers. Such consequences include lack of opportunities for recognition, compensation, promotion, accommodations, and career fulfillment, as well as poor mental, physical, emotional and social health. This research study is unique as it reveals the struggles that disabled persons experienced in work contexts, their narratives of resistance, and their recommendations for socio-political change to build more inclusive work environments

Informed by the disciplines of disability studies and interpretive sociology, and using the social model of disability and the collective identity model, this dissertation pursues an investigation of underemployment. Underemployment, conceptualized as the underutilized skills and knowledge of the employed and unemployed, occurs at higher levels amongst disabled persons than among non-disabled people (Canada, 2009). Semi-structured interviews with 14 underemployed disabled people conducted, to investigate the experiences of disabled persons who worked in the fields of education, computer, healthcare, fitness, environment, travel, social work, government and non-government agencies. In addition, Canadian social policies were analyzed to address the research questions: 1) How do disabled workers understand and address experiences of underemployment? 2) How do organizations and social policies account for underemployment amongst disabled persons? 3) How can practices which acknowledge and enhance collective identity be used to address underemployment and advance the disability movement? 4) How can underemployment amongst disabled persons be addressed at the organizational level? The texts of these narratives and Canadian social policies were analyzed using a critical interpretative textual analysis approach. The analysis demonstrates the depths of the negative consequences of high levels of underemployment resulting from structural, environmental and attitudinal barriers. Such consequences include lack of opportunities for recognition, compensation, promotion, accommodations, and career fulfillment, as well as poor mental, physical, emotional and social health. This research study is unique as it reveals the struggles that disabled persons experienced in work contexts, their narratives of resistance, and their recommendations for socio-political change to build more inclusive work environments