Legal regulation of employment and security against unemployment At the present time of economical recession many countries battle against high unemployment, which can contribute to many economical and social problems. The purpose of my thesis is to describe legal regulation of employment and security against unemployment in the Czech Republic. I focused on main parts of legal regulation and also thought over some institutes. When I came to the conclusion, that the legal regulation has some drawbacks, I suggested that an amendment should be passed. The thesis is composed of eight chapters. Chapter one defines unemployment and its kinds and elucidates, what full employment means, because it is the aim of legal regulation of employment in many countries. At the end of this chapter I sumarize developement of unemployment in Czech Republic from 1990 to present. Chapter two deals with right to work. I enumerate most important international documents, where right to work is regulated. Full employment was also soon mentioned as the basic aim of countries. Similar developement in Community law is described in part four. At the end of chapter is comparison between the right to work under Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms and right to work under Employment Act. Chapter three deals with employment policy in...

The choice of an appropriate government policy tool to promote the employment should be done with regard to the source of unemployment. This diploma the- sis investigates structural and cyclical components of unemployment. The two components are induced by different causes. Search and matching frictions in the labor market are the source of the structural component. The cyclical component is induced by a low labor productivity which induces a negative gross marginal profit of firms. Consequently, they are obliged to cancel a portion of existing job- worker matches. The main finding is that during a period of economic slowdown the overall unemployment and its cyclical component rise while the structural component declines. The dynamics of the two components is reversed during a robust economic growth. The diploma thesis proceeds with investigating the pub- lic hiring, a policy potentially suitable to diminish the unemployment during an economic slowdown. The results show that the public hiring can be successfully applied despite the private employment crowding out. A New Keynesian DSGE model calibrated for the Czech Republic is used to model the labor market dy- namics. The results are interpreted with regard to the historic development of the unemployment and the economic growth from 2000 to 2014. JEL...

This thesis examines the applicability of Google Econometrics - the use of search volume data of particular queries as explanatory variables in time se- ries modeling - in the case of the Czech Republic. We analyze the contribu- tion of Google data by comparing out-of-sample nowcasting performance and in-sample fit with control variables in three related areas: using an auto- regressive model for unemployment, vector autoregression and logit models for GDP and household consumption, and Granger causality test for consum- er confidence. The improvement in quality of unemployment nowcasting is modest but statistically significant; sentiment index based on Google queries shows reciprocal relationship with the official Consumer Confidence Indicator, and it also provides superior nowcasts for household consumption as well as in- sample fit in logit models; its performance in GDP nowcasting is average among control variables. In overall, the results suggest that Google Econometrics is applicable also to the Czech Republic, despite the fact that the internet penetration rate and Google popularity was lower over the analyzed period compared with developed economies where these methods were usually tested. In the future, Google data may be used together with other leading and coincident indica- tors to...

In recent years became unemployment one of the most important economical issues. Increasing rate of unemployment is one of the most serious problems of most states. The goal of all of them is to ensure the maximal balance between supply and demand on the labour market. The purpose of the master thesis is to describe the basic aspects of labour market and unemployment, but primarily to describe the special instruments of the Austrian labour market and find some recommendations, which could be helpful and could be implemented to the system in the Czech Republic. First three chapters deals with the theoretical basis of the topic and terminology. First chapter describe the functioning of the labour market and specific attributes of the supply and demand on the labour market. Chapter two, which deal with the unemployment, define the origin of unemployment, kinds of unemployment and consequences of unemployment to the society. The third chapter concern to the topic of minimal wages and compare the advantages and disadvantages of the statutory minimal wages. Chapter four summarise the development and instruments of the employment policy of the European Union, because this policy has influence on the system in the Czech Republic and also in Austria. The last and the most important chapter of the thesis...

Depuis une à deux décennies, l'âge est perçu comme un critère arbitraire pour encadrer des parcours individuels qui se singularisent. Cette mise en cause s'est cristallisée dans l'adoption de lois qui interdisent la discrimination sur l'âge sur le marché du travail, en 2001 en France et en 2006 au Royaume-Uni. Ce sont les tensions qui se font jour autour de cette moindre légitimité de l'âge que nous interrogeons dans ce travail de thèse. Pour ce faire, nous avons procédé à l'analyse des politiques qui encouragent les chômeurs âgés à se maintenir sur le marché de l'emploi. dans une démarche comparative, nous avons étudié ces politiques, le contexte dans lequel elles interviennent, nous avons analysé la manière dont ces politiques sont mises en oeuvre et, enfin, nous avons rencontré les chômeurs visés par ces dispositifs. Cette thèse met en évidence trois aspects majeurs. Tout d'abord, nous montrons que la dénonciation de ce critère survient en France et au Royaume-Uni dans un contexte particulier, qui permet de justifier la mise à mal de droits sociaux fondés sur l'âge et de légitimer les réformes des retraites. Ensuite, l'âge demeure dans les deux pays un critère d'organisation des existences puissant. Il résiste aussi bien au niveau des politiques de l'emploi qui continuent à se fonder sur ce critère, qu'à celui des individus qu ile mobilisent pour interpréter leur situation et donner du sens à leurs pratiques. Enfin, nous mettons en exergue que la mise en cause de l'âge s'enracine dans des rapports sociaux puissants, à l'oeuvre en France et au Royaume-Uni. Ce sont bien souvent les individus les plus diplômés et les plus qualifiés d'entre eux qui dénoncent ce critère. / Nowadays, age as criterion is criticized to structure individual lives. This suspicion has been crystallized in the adoption of laws that prohibit age discrimination in the labour market, in 2001 in France and 2006 in the United Kingdom. In this dissertation, we question the tensions that have emerged around the legitimacy of age. To that purpose, we analyze the policies that encourage older workers to stay in work. In a comparative perspective, we studied these policies, the context within they emerge, we analyze how these policies are implemented, and finally we met older workers targeted by theses policies. This thesis highlights three major results. First, we show that the condemnation of this criterion occurs in France and the United Kingdom in a particular context which tends to justify to undermine social rights based on age and to legitimise pension reforms. Next, age remains in both countries as a powerful criterion to organise individual lives. Employment policies continue to rely on this criterion and individuals also mobilize age to interpret their situation and give meaning to their practices. Finally, we highlights that the denunciation of age is deeply rooted in social relation, in France and in the United Kingdom. The highly qualified people are in fact those which denounce this criterion.

The economic value of sport has long been an interesting subject to study. Proponents arguing there is big monetary return for a region hosting a professional sports team. However, majority of studies done on the subject point in the same direction where it seems economic return are negligible. Researchers even argue there is rather an alternative cost where money could be better spent on other social structure such as education and health care. The value of sport creates both direct and indirect effect. In this essay I will look at whether there could be any indirect spillover effects from hosting a hockey team in the highest league. Due to its simplicity, a difference-in-difference (DiD) method will be used on municipalities hosting a hockey team. This when looking at Gross Regional Product (GRP), unemployment rate and population growth to municipalities without a hockey team. The results of this study are ambiguous and hard to interpret when sign on coefficient differ between variables and municipalities. However, there seem to be a correlation between lower unemployment rate and population growth and an increase in GRP when a team is qualifying to SHL. It cannot be determined whether this depend on economic growth or success of their professional sports team.

This thesis presents an empirical analysis of the unemployment hysteresis in the Czech Republic on quarterly data from 1999 to 2015. The hysteresis is modelled by allowing for: (i) impact of the cyclical unemployment on the NAIRU; (ii) impact of the long-term un- employment on the NAIRU. Models are written in state space form and estimated using Bayesian approach. The main contributions of this thesis are as follows. The results pro- vide robust evidence in favour of the hysteresis in the Czech Republic, but precise size of the hysteresis effect is surrounded by relatively large uncertainty. Posterior mean estimates of key parameters indicate that in response to increase in the cyclical unemployment of 1 percentage point, the NAIRU increases by 0.15 percentage points. The first specification of the hysteresis implies that the hysteresis induced changes in the Czech Republic's NAIRU of at most 1 percentage point. The hysteresis specified as impact of the long-term unemploy- ment on the NAIRU then implies even weaker effect, inducing changes in the NAIRU of at most 0.6 percentage points. The models are estimated jointly with the hybrid Phillips curve identified using survey forecasts as proxies for the expectations. Estimate of the expecta- tions' parameter 0.65 indicates the forward-looking nature of the Czech...

The goal of this thesis is to develop a DSGE model that accounts for the key business cycle properties of the Czech labor market. We used standard New Keynesian framework for monetary policy analysis and incorporated an elaborated labor market setup with equi- librium wage derived via an alternating offer bargaining protocol originally proposed by Rubinstein (1982) and follow the work of Christiano, Eichenbaum and Trabandt (2013) in the following steps. Firstly, we calibrated the closed economy model according to values suited for the Czech economy and found that the model can not only account for higher volatility of the real wage and unemployment, but can also explain the contemporaneous rise of both wages and employment after an expansionary shock in the economy, so called Shimer puzzle (Shimer, 2005a). Secondly, we demonstrated that the alternating offer bar- gaining sharing rule outperforms the Nash sharing rule under assumption of using the hiring costs in our framework (more so while using search costs) and therefore is better suited for use in larger scale models. Thirdly, we concluded that after estimating the labor market parameters using the Czech data, our model disproved the relatively low values linked to the probabilities of unsuccessful bargaining and job destruction. JEL...

This master thesis analyses the impact of the euro on the German economy. The research is conducted through the examination of German export, GDP level, and labor market. It is also supplemented with the evaluation of the past, current and future stages of the Eurozone. The thesis provides a detailed theoretical background, which explains the motivation for the creation of a common currency. As a tool to prove the validity of my hypotheses I use the synthetic control method, where I model a hypothetical case, in which Germany did not adopt the euro. The validity of my results will be tested by using the confidence intervals and comparing the RMSPE ratio. By using this unique approach, I aim to contribute to the series of academic papers about the validity of the euro. In my research I have come to the conclusion, that the euro has positively influenced Germany's economy.

D.Phil. / Prior to the democratic elections in 1994, South Africa had a "captive" market. There were regulations that were specifically designed to protect South African organisations. There were various tariffs and taxes imposed on foreign organisations that did business in South Africa. After the democratic elections, South Africa introduced market reforms that resulted in the country being part of globalization. The globalization process brought about significant changes. South African organisations had an opportunity to expand their business opportunities, but at the same time they were faced with competition from other organisations from different parts of the world ...