The main aim of this diploma thesis is the analysis of unemployment of graduates of higher education institutions in the Czech Republic. This work compares the unemployment of graduates of lower level of university education with the unemployment of graduates of higher education. The graphs show three situations. The first group of graphs refers to the total unemployment of graduates in the monitored period by individual fields. The second group of graphs is the result of monito-ring the unemployment of university graduates in terms of long-term unemployment. The last set of graphs always shows the practical experience of unemployed graduates by individual study fields. At the end of this thesis are proposed changes to reduce the unemployment of graduates.

I focused on the solving of the unemployment social impacts in the South Bohemian region via located economy in my thesis. According to the latest surveys unemployment is on the lowest level from the year 1996 both in the South Bohemian region and the Czech Republic. Nevertheless, there are certain groups of people who are threatened by unemployment. Moreover, current positive development of the unemployment cannot be considered as a permanent status. My thesis is divided into two parts. In the theoretical part I focused on the term of local economy, its tools, principles and furthermore I concentrate myself on the possibilities of incorporation people into the working process. Following part deals with global economy issues that have a negative impact on the local economy. Then I concentrate myself on the enterprise entities in the Czech Republic, their ownership structure, legal forms of enterprise and a development of business environment when a support of small and middle businesses can play an important role in the process of creating new job positions. The aim of my thesis is to map tools of local economy and a description of their usage, while emphasizing the business unit´s division, the possibilities of their development and creation of new job positions in the defined South Bohemian companies. With respect to the aim and specific characteristics of the defined group I chose a method of survey done via semi-structured interviews. Defined group is formed by chosen companies with Czech ownership in the South Bohemian region. For completing the employment data, I executed semi-structured interviews with two officers of České Budějovice Labor Office chosen with simple intentional choice. The results of my survey show that the defined companies with Czech ownership in the South Bohemian region are not enough motivated to create new job positions because (as the survey shows) the more employees they have the higher financial budget they need. Unfortunately, this extra budget is not available. Therefore, local companies cannot serve as a pillar against increase of unemployment in the context of current forms of enterprise support. The thesis may serve as a study material for students of Health and Social Faculty in the town České Budějovice or as an informational material for Labor Office CZ and representatives of South Bohemian region.

The aim of the thesis is to describe factors influencing the stress of mothers on parental leave from returning to work. According to the aim of the thesis, the research question was set: What socio-demographic factors affect the stress of mothers on parental leave from returning to work? The following hypotheses were established based on the research question: H1: Mothers with lower educational attainment are more stressed than mothers with higher educational attainment. H2: Mothers living in the village are more stressed than mothers living in the city or town. H3: Younger mothers on parental leave are more stressed by returning to work than older mothers on parental leave. A quantitative research strategy was chosen to achieve the aim of the thesis. The research was carried out by means of a survey method using a standardized questionnaire consisting of questions created by the researcher and a Czech version of the Perceived Stress Scale. The questionnaire was published only in electronic form on a website where women on parental leave associate. The research group consisted of 714 mothers on parental leave living in Vlašim and surroundings. Data analysis was evaluated using descriptive statistics in MS Excel program. Subsequent hypothesis testing was performed in the SPSS Statistics program. The research shows that the first hypothesis results in low correlation. The hypothesis is therefore supported. Mothers with lower educational attainment are more stressed than mothers with higher educational attainment. In the second hypothesis, a t-test was used for the evaluation of two independent research groups. The results show no statistically significant relationship. In the last - third hypothesis, two variables were tested, and the result shows no significant relationship in statistics. The research outcomes could contribute to a greater understanding of mothers on parental leave, which are stressed by returning to work. Women should be more aware of the opportunities that employers can adapt their working conditions and allow mothers to work part-time while on parental leave so their return into employment after parental leave is easier. The research could also serve as a feedback for Labor Offices, which register these mothers, or for the respondents themselves or for other entities dealing with the Act on State Social Support and the Labor Code.

The dominant human capital theory-based perspective that education is crucial for economic success and employment has affected national and regional policies in education and employment worldwide. The present thesis critically assesses the target for increased number of tertiary education graduates in the current EU agenda for growth and employment (Europe 2020 Strategy). This target presumes that employment is positively related with tertiary education qualifications, and that there is an increasing demand for highly educated workers in the EU labour markets. Based on Eurostat data, our findings indicate that (i) more public spending on tertiary education does not seem to be associated with higher employment rates of graduates in the EU countries; (ii) in more than half of the EU28 member states, unemployment rates are not related with increased number of graduates; (iii) in most of the remaining EU countries, the increase in graduates is associated with higher graduates’ unemployment rates; (iv) increased number of tertiary education graduates relates with higher overqualification rates in the majority of the EU countries. These results accord with previous studies which find that investment in education alone is inadequate to explain complex socio-economic phenomena, such as graduates’ employment/unemployment. Moreover, they further support previous research works, which question the proclaimed increased need for highly educated workers in the EU labour markets. This, in turn, suggests that common European policies which target at increasing horizontally the number of graduates may further deteriorate the existing problem of overqualification in the EU. Without downplaying the importance of education and skills in employment, the current thesis contemplates that the disproportionate emphasis on the role of tertiary education in employment may falsely cultivate the perception that education per se can be the main solution for unemployment. Thus, it is likely to conceal the wider socio-economic reasons that influence a person’s ability to find, secure and advance in his/her job. Last, but not least, this perspective narrows down the role of tertiary education confining it to economic and employment purposes.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T14:19:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LIDIANE FERREIRA DA SILVA.pdf: 774767 bytes, checksum: df8bb602705efeaa7b1b718207ca6e7e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-30 / Unemployment is the situation of involuntary idleness of the people who make up the workforce of a nation. Unemployment in Brazil has evolved according to the historical, social and economic development that the country passed and passes today. In Goiás, some tax incentive programs for industries and businesses has contributed to unemployment decreased, giving the unemployed a greater chance of finding a job and facing unemployment. Coping strategies, or coping are used before a stressful event, for example, the situation of being unemployed and refers to how people face life's demands in order to solve them. The coping is characterized in two ways according to Moos (1993), as approximation and avoidance strategies. The subjective well-being has been named such as happiness, satisfaction, morale, positive affection, and is also considered by some authors as a subjective assessment of life quality. Studies on subjective well-being seek to understand what people do of their lives. The present study considered these three themes as the main focus of the research. It was then carried out a survey of unemployed workers in the city of Goiânia and its metropolitan area; in order to examine coping strategies used by the unemployed, as well as correlate these coping strategies with the reports of positive affect and negative of these individuals. The study included 254 participants. Data were collected in the SINE employment agencies, staffing firms and the School for Young Adults. The results point to greater use of approach coping strategies and, when using these strategies individuals reported more positive emotions than negative and the reverse was found with the individuals who use avoidant strategies, which reported more negative affection. The study objective was achieved, but is necessary to realize more studies on this subject in order to contribute to the reduction of psychological distress that unemployment entails. / Desemprego corresponde à situação de ociosidade involuntária em que se encontram pessoas que compõem a força de trabalho de uma nação. O desemprego evoluiu no Brasil de acordo com o contexto histórico, social e econômico pelo qual o país passou e passa ainda hoje. Em Goiás, alguns programas de incentivos fiscais para indústrias e empresas contribuíram para que o desemprego diminuísse, proporcionando ao desempregado maior possibilidade de encontrar um emprego e enfrentar o desemprego. As estratégias de enfretamento, ou seja, coping são utilizadas diante de um evento estressor, por exemplo, a situação de desemprego e refere-se ao modo como as pessoas enfrentam exigências da vida com o objetivo de resolvê-las. O coping é caracterizado de duas formas distintas, de acordo com Moos (1993), como sendo estratégias de aproximação e de evitação. O bem estar subjetivo tem tido as mais diversas nomeações, tais como felicidade, satisfação, estado de espírito, afeto positivo, sendo também considerado por alguns autores uma avaliação subjetiva da qualidade de vida. Os estudos sobre bem estar subjetivo buscam compreender a avaliação que as pessoas fazem de suas vidas. O presente estudo considerou estas três temáticas como foco principal da pesquisa. A partir daí foi realizada uma pesquisa com trabalhadores em situação de desemprego na cidade de Goiânia e sua região metropolitana, com o intuito de analisar as estratégias de enfretamento utilizadas pelos desempregados, bem como, correlacionar estas estratégias de coping com os relatos de afetos positivos e negativos desses indivíduos. O estudo contou com 254 participantes. Os dados foram coletados nas agências de emprego do SINE, empresas de recursos humanos e na Escola para Jovens Adultos. Os resultados apontaram para maior uso de estratégias de enfrentamento de aproximação e, ao fazerem uso destas estratégias, os indivíduos relataram mais afetos positivos do que negativo e o inverso foi detectado com os indivíduos que fizeram uso de estratégias evitativas, os quais relataram mais afetos negativos. O objetivo do estudo foi atingido, porém se faz necessário que estudos sejam realizados sobre a temática, de forma que contribuam para a diminuição do sofrimento psíquico que o desemprego acarreta.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T14:22:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniela Cristina Campos.pdf: 368369 bytes, checksum: 2b7cbb679b862533e5948ac756031f92 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-29 / Previous studies have shown that unemployment has a negative impact on physical and mental health workers. However, unemployment and health do not seem to establish a direct relationship, and the relation between them, surrounded by other variables. As a result, this study aimed at investigating the existence of correlation between selfefficacy and mental health for a group of unemployed in the city of Goiania. At first, we built a theoretical sheet on the issues mentioned above and a technical note was subsequently presented on the construction and validation of a self-efficacy scale related to unemployment and an article containing the data from empirical research. For the empirical study, participants answered a questionnaire covering socio-demographic data. Were also submitted to the IRLS Depression anxiety stress scales DASS-21 for extraction and evaluation of the data on mental health and the Self-Efficacy Related to Unemployment, prepared to carry out the study to evaluate the self-efficacy beliefs related to unemployment. The data demonstrated a negative relationship between selfefficacy and mental health in unemployed and can see that the greater the belief of selfefficacy related to unemployment, the lower the chances of these individuals have impaired mental health. The data also showed that women have lower rates of selfefficacy related to unemployment than men. Still on the indices of self-efficacy related to unemployment, it was detected that people from other states had rates significantly higher self-efficacy than the other participants. PNAD data from 2009 showed that most working-age population, busy is not natural in the city where it lives, thus the state of Goias, it becomes attractive to people from other states. These data were discussed in order to widen knowledge and stimulate new research in the area, so that with this information, new social programs are developed and new forms of more effective intervention with respect to self-efficacy and mental health with the unemployed. / Estudos anteriores demonstraram que o desemprego afeta negativamente a saúde física e mental dos trabalhadores. No entanto, não parece haver relação direta entre desemprego e saúde, sendo a relação entre ambos permeada por outras variáveis. O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal investigar a existência da correlação entre autoeficácia e saúde mental em um grupo de desempregados na cidade de Goiânia-GO. Em um primeiro momento, foi elaborado um artigo teórico sobre os temas citados e, posteriormente, foi apresentada uma nota técnica sobre a construção e validação de uma escala de autoeficácia relacionada ao desemprego e um artigo empírico contendo os dados da pesquisa realizada. Para o estudo empírico, os participantes responderam a um questionário contendo questões sobre informações sóciodemográficos. Também foram submetidos à aplicação da escala Depression anxiety stress scales (DASS 21), para avaliação de dados relativos a saúde mental e escala de autoeficácia relacionada ao desemprego, elaborada para a realização do estudo, visando avaliar as crenças de autoeficácia. Os dados obtidos demonstraram boa qualidade psicométrica da escala de autoeficácia relacionada ao desemprego desenvolvida para este estudo. Além disso, observou-se uma relação inversamente proporcional entre autoeficácia e saúde mental em desempregados, podendo-se observar que, quanto maior a crença de auto-eficácia relacionada ao desemprego, menores são as chances de esses indivíduos terem comprometimento da saúde mental. Os dados também apontaram que a mulheres apresentam menores índices de autoeficácia relacionada ao desemprego do que os homens. Ainda no tocante a auto-eficácia relacionado ao desemprego, foi detectado que pessoas de outros estados da federação apresentam índices significativamente maiores de auto-eficácia que os demais participantes goianos. Dados da Pesquisa nacional de amostras por domicílio (PNAD) 2009 demonstram que a maior população em idade ativa, ocupado não é natural do município onde mora. Percebeu-se, que Goiás, torna-se atrativo para pessoas de outras regiões. Esses dados foram discutidos, visando ampliar os conhecimentos a respeito do assunto e estimular novas pesquisas na área, para que com essas informações, sejam elaborados novos programas sociais e novos formas de intervenção mais eficazes em relação à auto-eficácia e saúde mental com desempregados.

A presente dissertação tem por objetivo compreender como se constroem as experiências de trabalhos precários na vida de jovens. Nesse sentido, retoma trajetórias de trabalho e também as relações entre as diferentes esferas relevantes, escola, família e amizades. Também investiga a significação subjetiva das experiências de trabalho marcadas pela precariedade, conferindo especial atenção às expectativas futuras. De maneira sistemática são objetivos da pesquisa: identificar as estratégias e alternativas criadas pelos jovens frente às dificuldades de inserção profissional, perceber de que forma a experiência de trabalho precário se engendra no interior da relação que estabelecem com a esfera do trabalho e com a idealização de projetos futuros e, por fim, revelar os elementos de natureza social que influenciam mais fortemente suas trajetórias. Para a realização desses objetivos foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo que consistiu na realização de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com jovens que tinham experiência de inserção precária no mercado de trabalho. Foram realizadas 13 entrevistas entre os anos de 2008 e 2009, com jovens de ambos os sexos e com idades entre 17 e 25 anos. / The present work aims at the comprehension of the process of building precarious work experiences in the youth. For that purpose, it revises work trajectories as well as the relations among different relevant spheres, such as school, family and friendship. Its also objective of this work to investigate the subjective significances of the work experiences marked by precariousness, focusing on future expectations. Systematically, the objectives of this research are the following: identifying strategies and ways chosen by youth to face the difficulties concerning the insertion in the labor market, perceiving by which means the precarious work experience structures itself inside the relationship they establish with the work sphere and with the idealization of future projects, and, at last, revealing the social elements which most influence their trajectories. In order to achieve these aims, a field research, which was constituted by semi-structured interviews with young people who had had previous experience in precarious insertion in the labor market, took place. Thirteen subjects of both sexes aged from 17 to 25 were interviewed along the years of 2008 and 2009.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:28:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrea Gualberto de Macedo Bottcher.pdf: 1924275 bytes, checksum: 2bd70a4959c12f1106d010104b9c0d53 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-24 / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas / The literature about labor market comprehends increasingly the concern about the well-being of company s professional. Also is increasing the study about the wealth of people who are available to work, in other words, who are unemployed. The business world develops a demand that requires the capacity to adapt even faster and in a distinguished way. A great deal of psychological disturbs have an important component about the difficulties on communication and personal relationships. This research aimed to identify, describe and relate stress, social skills and personal differences in men who are in process of professional outplacement to a manager position. The sample included fifteen men between 35 and 55 years old, that were entailed with the outplacement service (career counseling) of two different human resources consultancy placed in Curitiba-PR. The instruments apllied were the Inventory of Stress Symptoms from Lipp (ISSL), Inventory of Social Skills from A. Del Prette and Z. Del Prette and a customized Identification Questionnaire especially developed for this job. The main results were: 1) The longer it takes in search for employment, the worse is the perception of social skills; 2) The younger is the professional, the worse is the perception about his own social skills; 3) The higher is the payment, the better is the avaliation of social skills. It was noticed that the men understand the conceptc of social skills as a synonym for a "good network". The conclusion was that the individuals use strategies focused on problem solving for outplacement, emphasizing the importance of the networking and the cognitive aspects (recycling or updating training and language courses, for example). They rarely pay attention to the general health and the social skills as a whole. When the individuals understand their performance, the context and the strategies of coping for stress management and of development of social skills, they will go through this transition with a better quality of life. / A literatura sobre o mercado de trabalho aborda cada vez mais a preocupa??o com o bem-estar dos profissionais nas organiza??es. Tamb?m est? crescente o estudo sobre a sa?de dos indiv?duos dispon?veis para o mercado de trabalho, isto ?, desempregados. O mundo corporativo cria demandas que exigem das pessoas uma capacidade de adapta??o cada vez mais ?gil e diferenciada. Grande parte dos transtornos psicol?gicos tem um importante componente na dificuldade de comunica??o e nas rela??es interpessoais. O presente estudo buscou identificar, descrever e relacionar stress, habilidades sociais e vari?veis pessoais em homens em processo de recoloca??o profissional para cargos de ger?ncia. A amostra incluiu quinze sujeitos entre 35 e 55 anos de idade, que se encontravam vinculados ao servi?o de outplacement (aconselhamento de carreira) de duas consultorias de recursos humanos localizadas em Curitiba-PR. Os instrumentos aplicados foram o Invent?rio de Sintomas de Stress de Lipp (ISSL), o Invent?rio de Habilidades Sociais (IHS), de A. Del Prette e Z. Del Prette, e o Question?rio de identifica??o elaborado para esta pesquisa. Os principais resultados encontrados mostraram que: 1) Quanto mais tempo de busca de emprego, pior ? a percep??o das habilidades sociais; 2) Quanto mais novo o profissional, pior a avalia??o que ele faz de suas habilidades sociais; 3) Quanto maior a remunera??o, melhor ? avalia??o das habilidades sociais. Foi percebido que os sujeitos usam o conceito de habilidades sociais como sin?nimo de um bom network . Concluiu-se que os sujeitos utilizam estrat?gias focadas na resolu??o do problema para a recoloca??o profissional, enfatizando a import?ncia da rede social e dos aspectos cognitivos (cursos de atualiza??o e idiomas, por exemplo), muitas vezes n?o cuidando da sa?de de forma integral. Acredita-se que com maior clareza de seu funcionamento, do contexto e de estrat?gias de controle do stress e de desenvolvimento das habilidades sociais, os indiv?duos passar?o por esta fase de transi??o com maior qualidade de vida.

Esta tese analisará, em detalhes, o processo de transformação da economia, especialmente nos aspectos relacionados aos níveis de crescimento econômico e às implicações sobre o mercado de trabalho, ao final do século XX, especificamente entre o período de 1980 e 2000. De início, serão apresentados os principais indicadores e as suas variações no contexto da economia global. Através de séries históricas consolidadas, será possível compreender a importância da amostra temporal selecionada, assim como dos fatos históricos e das variações econômicas que envolveram o período. Na sequência, será analisado o comportamento das economias mais desenvolvidas à época, as quais compõem o Grupo dos Sete (G7). Por meio da separação desse grupo dos países mais desenvolvidos do mundo em dois conjuntos, um com escolha de medidas econômicas liberalizantes, e outro baseado na manutenção das práticas empregadas pelos welfare regimes, essas duas categorias serão comparadas em seus respectivos desempenhos econômicos e nos reflexos sobre a produção e o trabalho. A presente pesquisa analisará, ainda, minuciosamente, a evolução econômica ocorrida nos Estados Unidos, ao final do século XX, e as estratégias adotadas para a manutenção dos níveis de crescimento econômico nesse país. Por fim, será considerado o aprofundamento da importância assumida pelos métodos de intermediação mercado-financeira no processo de composição dos níveis de renda e de riqueza agregada de um país. / This thesis will examine in detail the economic transformation process, especially in which concerns to the levels of economic growth and the effects on the labor market, at the end of the twentieth century, particularly the period from 1980 to 2000. Initially, the main indicators will be presented with their variations within the global economy context. Through consolidated historical series, it will be possible to understand the importance of the selected time sample, as well as the relevance of the historical facts and economic changes involving the period. Following, it will be analyzed the behavior of the most developed economies, constituting the Group of Seven (G7), at that time. Through the division into two groups, the one comprising the most developed countries in the world will be differentiated by choosing liberalizing economic measures, while the other one by maintaining the practices applied by the welfare regimes. These two categories will be compared regarding their economic performance and the effects on production and labor. The research will examine in detail the evolution occurred specifically in the United States, at the end of the twentieth century, and the strategies adopted to maintain the economic growth levels in this country. Finally, it will be considered the intensification of the importance gained by the market-financial intermediation methods in composing the levels of income and aggregate wealth of a country.

A presente dissertação tem por objetivo compreender como se constroem as experiências de trabalhos precários na vida de jovens. Nesse sentido, retoma trajetórias de trabalho e também as relações entre as diferentes esferas relevantes, escola, família e amizades. Também investiga a significação subjetiva das experiências de trabalho marcadas pela precariedade, conferindo especial atenção às expectativas futuras. De maneira sistemática são objetivos da pesquisa: identificar as estratégias e alternativas criadas pelos jovens frente às dificuldades de inserção profissional, perceber de que forma a experiência de trabalho precário se engendra no interior da relação que estabelecem com a esfera do trabalho e com a idealização de projetos futuros e, por fim, revelar os elementos de natureza social que influenciam mais fortemente suas trajetórias. Para a realização desses objetivos foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo que consistiu na realização de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com jovens que tinham experiência de inserção precária no mercado de trabalho. Foram realizadas 13 entrevistas entre os anos de 2008 e 2009, com jovens de ambos os sexos e com idades entre 17 e 25 anos. / The present work aims at the comprehension of the process of building precarious work experiences in the youth. For that purpose, it revises work trajectories as well as the relations among different relevant spheres, such as school, family and friendship. Its also objective of this work to investigate the subjective significances of the work experiences marked by precariousness, focusing on future expectations. Systematically, the objectives of this research are the following: identifying strategies and ways chosen by youth to face the difficulties concerning the insertion in the labor market, perceiving by which means the precarious work experience structures itself inside the relationship they establish with the work sphere and with the idealization of future projects, and, at last, revealing the social elements which most influence their trajectories. In order to achieve these aims, a field research, which was constituted by semi-structured interviews with young people who had had previous experience in precarious insertion in the labor market, took place. Thirteen subjects of both sexes aged from 17 to 25 were interviewed along the years of 2008 and 2009.