Based on the superposition principle, any two states of a quantum system may be coherently superposed to yield a novel state. Such a simple construction is at the heart of genuinely quantum phenomena such as interference of massive particles or quantum entanglement. Yet, these superpositions are susceptible to environmental influences, eventually leading to a complete disappearance of the system's quantum character. In principle, two distinct mechanisms responsible for this process of decoherence may be identified. In a classical decoherence setting, on the one hand, stochastic fluctuations of classical, ambient fields are the relevant source. This approach leads to a formulation in terms of stochastic Hamiltonians; the dynamics is unitary, yet stochastic. In a quantum decoherence scenario, on the other hand, the system is described in the language of open quantum systems. Here, the environmental degrees of freedom are to be treated quantum mechanically, too. The loss of coherence is then a direct consequence of growing correlations between system and environment. The purpose of the present thesis is to clarify the distinction between classical and quantum decoherence. It is known that there exist decoherence processes that are not reconcilable with the classical approach. We deem it desirable to have a simple, feasible model at hand of which it is known that it cannot be understood in terms of fluctuating fields. Indeed, we find such an example of true quantum decoherence. The calculation of the norm distance to the convex set of classical dynamics allows for a quantitative assessment of the results. In order to incorporate genuine irreversibility, we extend the original toy model by an additional bath. Here, the fragility of the true quantum nature of the dynamics under increasing coupling strength is evident. The geometric character of our findings offers remarkable insights into the geometry of the set of non-classical decoherence maps. We give a very intuitive geometrical measure---a volume---for the quantumness of dynamics. This enables us to identify the decoherence process of maximum quantumness, that is, having maximal distance to the convex set of dynamics consistent with the stochastic, classical approach. In addition, we observe a distinct correlation between the decoherence potential of a given dynamics and its achievable quantumness. In a last step, we study the notion of quantum decoherence in the context of a bipartite system which couples locally to the subsystems' respective environments. A simple argument shows that in the case of a separable environment the resulting dynamics is of classical nature. Based on a realistic experiment, we analyze the impact of entanglement between the local environments on the nature of the dynamics. Interestingly, despite the variety of entangled environmental states scrutinized, no single instance of true quantum decoherence is encountered. In part, the identification of the classical nature relies on numerical schemes. However, for a large class of dynamics, we are able to exclude analytically the true quantum nature.

The subject of this thesis is the Imperial Presidency. Arthur Schlesinger is the author of this term in the realm of Political Science. His book was a reaction to the gradual accretion of political power in the office of the President of the United States. Imperial Presidency is described by variables: a) The President overreaches his powers given to him by the Constitution of the USA; b) The President is not limited by other branches of power. The theories behind this thesis are called the unilateral action theory and the unitary presidency theory. After designating variables in the thesis we should be able to answer the question: "What kind of political behaviour describes imperial presidency?"

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The study of magnons is an essential part of combining quantum information science and spintronics, allowing for the investigation of quantum properties such as entanglement in solid-state devices. Magnons are commonly described using the theory of T. Holstein and H. Primakoff, associating the spin operators with bosonic creation and annihilation operators. The quantum mechanical properties inherent to this description are the commutation relations. These relations must be conserved under transformation of the basis. This requires the application of pseudo-unitary transformations U (p, q) when studying the magnon eigenspectrum for example. Depending on the system at hand, the groups U (1, 1) and U (2, 2) are of particular interest and will be the focus of this work. We present a general formalism that leads to a representation of pseudo-unitary matrices via their self-adjoint elements. We apply this representation in examples involving magnons in antiferromagnets to find an explicit picture in connection to material properties. Finally, we explore numerical methods for determining magnon energies and compare them to the analytical counterpart.

No abstract provided. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Scope and contents: Two topics are studied in this thesis. The first topic is concerned with the relation between the categories of complexes over two algebras when there is a unitary algebra homomorphism from one to the other. The second topic deals with differential forms. A certain finiteness theorem for the module of integral differential forms is studied.

В науке и практике наибольшее внимание уделяется вопросам формирования налоговых поступлений, так как они составляют наибольшую долю поступлений в бюджет. Вместе с тем, учитывая противоречивые тенденции экономического развития и как следствие нестабильное поступление налоговых доходов, необходимо обратить внимание на формирование неналоговых доходов бюджета, в том числе доходов от приватизации унитарных предприятий и акций акционерных обществ, которые могут выступить в качестве дополнительной основы стабильности доходной базы бюджета. Неналоговые доходы являются составной частью доходов всех бюджетов бюджетной системы Российской Федерации. Целью исследования является теоретический и практический анализ формирования доходов от приватизации унитарных предприятий и акций акционерных обществ, а также поиск путей совершенствования их собираемости. Практическая значимость заключается в возможности использования рекомендаций по дальнейшему совершенствованию собираемости доходов от приватизации унитарных предприятий и акций акционерных обществ в Свердловской области и других субъектах Российской Федерации, что позволит повысить значимость неналоговых доходов при формировании бюджетов на очередной финансовый год. / In science and practice most attention is paid to questions of formation of tax revenues, as they account for the greatest share of revenues. However, given the contradictory trends of economic development and as a consequence unstable the tax revenues necessary to pay attention to the formation of non-tax budget revenues, including revenues from the privatisation of unitary enterprises and shares of joint stock companies, which can act as additional bases of stability of the revenue base budget. Non-tax revenues are an integral part of the income of all budgets of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation. The aim of the study is a theoretical and practical analysis of revenue generation from the privatization of unitary enterprises and shares of joint stock companies, as well as finding ways to improve their collection. Practical significance consists in possibility of use recommendations for further improvement in revenue collection from privatization of unitary enterprises and shares of joint stock companies in the Sverdlovsk region and other Russian regions, which will increase the importance of non-tax revenues in budget for the next fiscal year.

[pt] Esta tese tem por objetivo analisar como o desenvolvimento da noção de Uno em Plotino – princípio radicalmente unitário e transcendente de seu sistema – pode responder aos problemas apresentados por Platão acerca da unidade dos princípios-Formas no diálogo Parmênides. Para tanto, primeiramente busca-se compreender a construção e a apresentação das principais teses que constituem a clássica Teoria das Formas platônica presentes na primeira parte do Parmênides (127a-137c), bem como as aporias delas resultantes. Uma vez que os princípios-Formas são concebidos nesta parte do diálogo enquanto unidades separadas, sendo em si e por si (autò kath’autò), quatro principais aporias resultam desta concepção: 1) o estabelecimento da população do mundo das Formas, 2) a impossibilidade da relação de causalidade entre Formas e a multiplicidade dos objetos sensíveis, 3) a Aporia (ou Argumento) do Terceiro Homem (ATH) e 4) a incognoscibilidade das Formas. Posteriormente, apresenta-se o intrincado desenvolvimento do exercício de hipóteses que constitui a segunda parte do Parmênides (137c-166c), sobretudo no que diz respeito ao problema das antinomias (ou aparentes antinomias), à discussão sobre o status da passagem 155e-157b e à interpretação neoplatônica dessas questões a partir da noção de sujeito das hipóteses. Logo após, examina-se especificamente a interpretação plotiniana das hipóteses presentes na segunda parte do Parmênides, tomando como base a citação direta que se encontra no tratado V 1 [10], a partir da qual Plotino justifica a arquitetura de seu sistema com base nas três hipóstases principais, a saber: o Uno, a Inteligência e a Alma, sendo o Uno o princípio, fundamento e finalidade de toda a realidade. Cada uma dessas hipóstases corresponderá, segundo Plotino, ao sujeito das três primeiras hipóteses do Parmênides. Por fim, descreveremos como Plotino, a partir deste seu princípio radicalmente unitário e transcendente – o Uno – e de toda a estruturação de sua henologia, parece apontar para outros caminhos que escapam das aporias presentes na primeira parte do Parmênides. Para tanto, apresentaremos as concepções plotinianas de 1) radicalidade da transcendência, 2) emanação ou teoria da dupla atividade, 3) distinção de semelhança e 4) inefabilidade do Uno. Cada uma delas, respectivamente, nos auxiliará na análise de cada uma das principais aporias resultantes da unidade dos princípios-Formas presentes na primeira parte do Parmênides. / [en] This thesis objective is to analyze how the development of the notion of the One in Plotinus – the radically unitary principle of his system – can answer the problems presented by Plato, namely the problems about the unity of the Forms in the Parmenides dialogue. In order to do that, we first reconstruct the platonic presentation of the Theory of Forms in the first part of Parmenides (127a-137c), as well as the resulting aporias. Since the Forms are conceived in this part of the dialogue as separated unities, being in itself and for itself (autò kath’autò), four major aporias result from such conception: 1) the constitution of world of the Forms, 2) the impossibility of the relation of causality between Forms and the multiplicity of the sensible objects, 3) the Third Man Aporia (or Argument), and 4) the unknowability of the Forms. Later, we present the difficult development of the exercise of hypotheses that constitute the second part of the Parmenides (137c-166c), especially regarding the problem of antinomies (or apparent antinomies), the discussion about the status of the 155e-157b lines and the neoplatonic interpretation of these questions under the perspective of the diferente subjects of the hypotheses. Next, we specifically examine the Plotinian interpretation of the hypotheses in the second part of the Parmenides, based on direct quotation from the treatise V 1 [10], where Plotinus justifies the architecture of his system based on the three major hypostases, i.e.: the One, the Intelligence and the Soul, being the One the principle, the foundation and finality of all reality. According to Plotinus, each of these three hypostases corresponds to the subject of the first three hypotheses of the Parmenides. Finaly, we describe how Plotinus seems to point to different ways to escape the aporias of the first part of the Parmenides. These ways, are based on Plotinus s radically unitary and radically transcendent One, together with the structure of his henology. Thus, this last moment develops the Plotinian conceptions of 1) transcendence radicality, 2) emanation or the theory of double activity, 3) likeness distinction, and 4) ineffability of the One. Each one these concepts will, respectively, help in the analysis of each of the main aporias from the first part of the Parmenides.

Thesis advisor: Jane Flanagan / Background: Over the past decade, increasing numbers of emerging adults, defined as ages 18 to 22, have journeyed to the United States (US) from Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador. Upon arrival to the US, many experience inequities in health and healthcare access. The inequities are shaped by US political practices and choices attributed to broad structural and systemic-level barriers within planetary, social, economic and necropolitical forces. Applying a critical framework of antiracism, anti-oppression and anticolonialism, nurses and other healthcare providers must seek to understand the health patterning and life experiences of emerging adult im/migrants from Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador so that their health and healthcare needs may be supported. Approach: This qualitative research project aimed to explore health patterning of emerging adult immigrants from Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador using the nursing specific research praxis of Health as Expanding Consciousness (HEC). The second aim explored themes across the group. Critical posthuman, feminist, and new materialist assumptions also informed the approach to the study. Between June 2021 to November 2022 thirteen emerging adult participants from Guatemala and Honduras were interviewed twice. Enrollment occurred through community-based recruitment and snowball sampling methods. Each person’s individual story was explored using the HEC praxis method. Results: Participants’ stories uncovered unique profiles with situated, context-specific individual health patterning. Four themes were identified across stories using the qualitative analytic method of Sort and Sift, Think and Shift: Family is Fundamental, The Journey Holds Meaning, Opportunities Exist Amidst Constraints, and Movement and Art are Healing. Conclusions: The discussion section reviews main implications for building critical nursing praxis; understanding intersections of health, nursing care and human mobility; advancing nursing policy for people excluded from care; advancing research using HEC praxis as a caring act of accompaniment; and transforming nursing education for social justice and radical possibility. Im/migration and asylum-seeking were viewed as fundamental human rights including critically advancing the right to health and safety for people in mobility contexts. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2022. / Submitted to: Boston College. Connell School of Nursing. / Discipline: Nursing.

Yes / It is an increasingly acknowledged fact that one of the most effective ways universities in war-affected countries can be functionally relevant to the everyday needs and challenges of their immediate environment is by promoting peacebuilding through peace education. This paper explores the role of universities in fostering peace education in diverse post-conflict and conflict-prone countries of sub-Saharan Africa. Specifically, the research investigates the contending models and strategies (notably the Bradford Model and the Centralized Unitary Model) of conflict-sensitive peace education in the context of universities in post-conflict and volatile societies in Africa. The study also analyses the problems and challenges associated with promoting peace education in Sub-Saharan Africa and recommends policy-relevant intervention measures designed to strengthen the process. Data for the study have been generated from secondary sources, as well as a raft of conflict intervention, regional security and peacebuilding projects the researcher has taken part in across a number of conflict-prone and war-affected African countries (notably, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Rwanda, Burundi, DRC, Kenya, Uganda, Nigeria and South Sudan).