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The aim of this thesis is to examine the gendered housework division in Greece based on research questions about participation by gender, chore types, and factors like age, education, and employment's influence, as well as uncovering related dynamics and trends. A quantitative analysis is employed using Greece's single time use survey conducted in 2013, which reveals substantial gender inequalities in housework division. Women dedicate nearly three times more than men daily to housework, even when employed in paid jobs. Age-wise, the gender gap persists, increasing with age. Core household tasks such as cooking, house cleaning, and laundry are dominated by women, while men spend more time on activities like gardening and repairs. Comparisons with European data highlight similar trends. A need for new surveys and gender norms exploration for policy change is evident.

Att få en betald anställning inom tv-produktion kan vara svårt, även om du har en utbildning inom området. Det kan även vara problematiskt för de som anställer att finna personer med den kompetens, erfarenhet eller arbetsmoral som krävs. Därför är det vanligt med praktikarbete som en första väg in i yrkeslivet. Majoriteten av tidigare studier är gjorda utifrån praktikantens position och synvinkel, ofta ur ett kritiskt perspektiv, vilket öppnar upp för argumentation kring varför föreliggande studie behövs. Syftet med föreliggande studie är därför att bidra med kunskap och ökad förståelse kring praktikarbete inom den svenska tv-branschen utifrån två perspektiv; praktikanternas och arbetsgivarnas. Detta för att öppna upp för diskussion och öka utvecklingsmöjligheterna för tryggare anställningsformer. Kvalitativ metod har tillämpats och empirin har samlats in genom åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer med praktikanter och arbetsgivare i tv-produktioner i Stockholm. För att få en tydligare bild över hur fenomenet praktikarbete inom tv-produktion arbete uppfattas av vardera urvalsgrupp, hur praktikarbete kan utveckla faktorer för betald anställning, samt för att definiera eventuella utvecklingsmöjligheter för tryggare anställningsformer har resultatet analyserats genom SWOT-modellen. Resultatet visar på att utbildning nästan inte spelar någon roll alls när det kommer till att få en betald anställning i tv-branschen idag. För att få en betald anställning är det istället kontakter, yrkeserfarenhet och personkemi som värderas högst, vilket i sin tur kan vara svårt att få om man inte tidigare har haft praktik inom tv-produktion. Däremot är utbildning en av de högsta prioriteringarna när det kommer till att få en praktikplats, vilket i sin tur ofta leder till att dessa tre krav eller prioriteringar utvecklas. / It can be difficult to get a paid employment in television production, even if you have an education in the field. It can also be problematic for those who hire people with the skills, experience or work ethic that are required. Therefore, it is common to work as an unpaid runner or intern as a first step into working life. The majority of previous studies are based on the point of view of the trainee, often from a critical perspective, which opens up for argumentation about why the present study is needed. The purpose of the present study is therefore to contribute knowledge and increased understanding of unpaid labor in the Swedish television industry from two different perspectives; interns and employers. This to open up for discussion and increase the development opportunities for safer forms of employment. Qualitative method has been used and the result has been collected through eight semi structured interviews with interns and employers in television production in Stockholm. In order to get a wider perspective of how the phenomenon of unpaid work and internships is perceived by each selection group, the result has been analyzed by using the SWOT-model. The result shows that education almost does not matter at all when it comes to getting a paid employment in the television industry today. In order to get a paid employment, contacts, professional experience and personal chemistry are highly valued, which in turn can be difficult without having had an internship. On the other hand, education is one of the top priorities when it comes to getting an internship, which in turn often leads to the development of these three requirements or priorities.

The research undertaken represents an in-depth study of gender and economics from a multi-disciplinary perspective. By drawing on economic, social policy and political science literature it makes an original contribution to the disciplines of economics and feminist economics by advancing ideas on a feminist theory of policy change and institutional design. Equally, the study develops a framework for a multi-method approach to feminist research with applied policy focus by establishing a pragmatic feminist research paradigm. By espousing multiple research philosophies, it extends understanding of gender differences in policy outcomes by connecting theories from feminist economics, feminist historical institutionalism and ideational processes. Jointly funded by the Economic and Social Research Council UK and the Scottish Government, this project attempts to answer three key questions: What is the relative position of men and women in the Scottish economy and how do childcare responsibilities influence these? Which institutions, structures and processes have been instrumental in embedding gender in Scottish economic policy? To what extent and how is the Scottish Government’s approach to economic policy gendered? Quantitative analysis reveals persistently disproportionate differences in men and women’s position in the labour market. Women remain over-represented in part-time employment and in the public sector in the 10years under investigation. Using panel data, the multinomial logistic regression estimation of patterns in labour market transitions equally reveal disproportionate gendered patterns, with families with dependent children 0-4years at a disadvantage to those without. Qualitative analysis indicates that these differences are partly explained by the fact that the unpaid economy still remains invisible to policymakers despite changes in the institutional design, policy processes and the approach to equality policymaking undertaken in Scotland. Unpaid childcare work is not represented as policy relevant and the way gender, equality and gender equality are conceptualised within institutional sites and on political agendas pose various challenges for policy development on unpaid childcare work and gender equality in general. Additionally, policymakers in Scotland do not integrate both the paid and unpaid economies in economic policy formulation since social policy and economic policy are designed separately. The study also establishes that the range of institutions and actors that make-up the institutional setting for regulating and promoting equality, influence how equality issues are treated within a national context. In Scotland, equality regulating institutions such as parliament, the Scottish Government, equality commission and the law are instrumental variables in determining the range of equality issues that are embedded in an equality infrastructure and the extent to which equality issues, including gender, are consequently embedded in public policy and government budgets. Significantly despite meeting all the attributes of an equality issue, unpaid care is not classified as a protected characteristic in the Equality legislation. These institutions can ameliorate, sustain or perpetuate the delivery of unequitable policy outcomes for men and women in the mutually dependent paid and unpaid economy. Thus, economic, social and political institutions are not independent from one another but are interrelated in complex ways that subsequently have material consequences on men and women in society. In summary, there are interlinkages between the law, labour market, the unpaid economy, the welfare state and gendered political institutions such that policy or institutional change in one will be dependent on or trigger change in another. These institutions are gendered, but are also interlinked and underpin the gender structure of other institutions to the extent that the gendered norms and ideas embedded in one institution, for example legislation or political institutions, structure the gendered dimensions of the labour market, welfare state, and the unpaid economy. By shedding light on institutional and political forces that regulate equality in addition to macroeconomic forces, the analysis reveals the important role of institutions, policy actors and their ideas as instrumental forces which constantly define, redefine and reconstruct the labour market experiences of men and women with significant material consequences.