No abstract available. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Durban-Westville, 1990.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-02-18T12:08:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1178981 bytes, checksum: 9479f5668db6ff8484a97cc7e65582e8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-18T12:08:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1178981 bytes, checksum: 9479f5668db6ff8484a97cc7e65582e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research tends to explicit the synthetic manner of a philosophical trajectory about Arthur Schopenhauer´s theory (1788-1860) with the sacred philosophy of hinduism. Furthermore, we will analyze in a conceptual hermeneutic form of the thon I and II of his maximum work the world as will and representation from 1819, as for Upanishads: Isha, Kena e Mundaka. In addition to it, we will conceive which elements and tendencies propose to the philosopher from Danzig the authentic access to the oriental philosophy, as well for the existent relation in his thought that inexorably establish an analogy yet in his youth as a deforce element in his maximum thesis about the will. This way discoursing, we realize that the will acts in its many variety levels of objectivities, strutting the existence of things through the plurality of the states that result in uniqueness essence of the being while thing-into-it. / Esta pesquisa tenciona explicitar de maneira sintética um direcionamento filosófico sobre a teoria de Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) com a filosofia sagrada do hinduísmo. Para tanto, iremos analisar de forma hermenêutica-conceitual o tomo I e II de sua obra máxima O mundo como vontade e representação de 1819, assim como os Upanishads: Isha, Kena e Mundaka. Feito isso, estaremos percebendo quais os elementos e tendências que proporcionaram ao filósofo de Danzig o acesso autêntico da filosofia oriental, bem como a relação existente em seu pensamento que inexoravelmente estabelece uma analogia ainda na juventude como elemento edificante em sua tese máxima acerca da Vontade. Assim decorrendo, perceberemos que a Vontade atua em seus mais variados graus de objetivação estruturando a existência das coisas através de uma pluralidade de estados que resultam na univocidade da essência do ser enquanto coisa-em-si.

Abstract not available. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Durban-Westville, 1995.

This research was stimulated by pastoral concerns regarding the high rate of suicide in the South African Hindu community. On the one hand it was found that traumatized individuals contemplating suicide were woefully ill-equipped with helpful religious guidelines and on the other it is known that the primary and authoritative scriptures of Hinduism possess a wealth of information that can promote healing. This work uses the Taittiriya Upanishad (3.10.5) to address this challenge. The early Vedic writings are not systematized nor are they fully explicable except through commentaries. This research surveys the early Vedic and Upanisadic Writings in order to show the literary, social and philosophical conditions under which the texts were produced. The Taittiriya Upanisad is the culminating part of several strands of thought that emerged from the earlier Taittiriya School. In order to interpret the text of this Upanisad it was necessary to link its key concepts with other Upanisads of this period. Further interpretations emerged from later Upanisads. These texts were viewed in the light of several commentators - Shaukara (medieval period), and Vivekananda, Aurobindo and Radhakrishuan of the Neo-Vedanta movements. In the early Vedic period the soul is a metaphysical entity. Upon death it is judged and in accordance with its good or bad actions, heavenly rewards or the punishments of hell are meted out to it. Heaven and hell are final eschatological goals for the soul in the Vedic period. In the later Vedic or Upanisadic period it is found that heaven and hell are temporary eschatological goals. The ultimate goal becomes Liberation which implies the cessation of duality and the realization of non-duality. Correspondingly the Taittiriya Upauisad defines the soul in a manner in which its components have the potential to achieve this later goal. Here the soul is a formulation of five sheaths: body, vital energy, mind, intellect and bliss with an immortal consciousness as its focus. Functioning under the effects of ignorance each sheath binds the soul to suffering and rebiiths either on earth or on other planes (heaven or hell). However, each sheath also possesses an intrinsic capacity to liberate the soul from suffering. Tills work explores these negative and positive capabilities of the sheaths and points out the path by which the soul's divine potential may be realized. The ultimate healing or liberation occurs when the 'focus-consciousness' of the soul is intuitively realized. This consciousness is one with the universal consciousness. This achievement produces the 'liberated soul' who experiences ecstasy at this knowledge of oneness. This research also points out that the Neo-Vedanta movements, unlike their medieval counterparts, have a life-affirming and positive social attitude that seeks to draw from ancient texts for the purposes of healing and social upliftment.

Denna essä ämnar fördjupa förståelsen av yogalärarens profession genom att undersöka dess vardagliga praktik i ljuset av filosofiska och historiska grunder. I synnerhet undersöks villkoren för dagens moderna yoga i en narcissistisk kultur och hur den moderna yogaläraren kan förhålla sig till dessa villkor utifrån en filosofisk förståelse om yoga som självtranscendens. Modern yoga har blivit ett exempel på sakraliserad självdisciplin och möjligen en form av ritualiserad narcissism. En narcissistisk kultur som sådan med den upanishadiska självtranscendensens språkbruk, tillsammans med en kommersiell nyandlighet uppmanar oss att perfektionistiskt söka uppnå känslan: jag är gudomlig. Essän undersöker dock potentiella vägar och praktiska kunskaper hos yogaläraren som inte leder undervisningen i en narcissistisk riktning utan snarare söker vända blicken mot en värld vi gemensamt delar offentligt med andra människor. / This essay aims to deepen the understanding of the yoga teacher's profession by examining its everyday practice from philosophical and historical foundations. In particular, the conditions of today's modern yoga in a narcissistic culture are examined, and how the modern yoga teacher can relate to these conditions of yoga from the perspective of self-transcendence. Modern yoga has become an example of sacralized self-discipline and possibly a form of ritualized narcissism. A narcissistic culture as such with the language of Upanishadic self-transcendence, together with commercial spirituality, urges us to achieve the feeling: I am divine. However, the essay explores potential paths and practical knowledge of the yoga teacher who does not want to lead the teaching in a narcissistic direction but instead seeks a common world publicly shared with other people.

A word or word group lifted from its context incurs the grave danger of a misunderstanding ranging from the greatest excess of analytical dismemberment to an overgenerous and all-inclusive synthesis which tends to rob it of any specific identity or meaning. Considered not only from within the body of textual material which may frame a particular word, but from the ground of these physical, mental and cultural needs which give it birth as well as the motivating force or forces which seem to endanger it, it may be possible to develop a better understanding of its varying harmonic nuances of meaning and its possible correlation or differences relative to other concepts or expressions.