Abstract¡G We measured time-resolved PL of Zn1-XCdXSe epilayer and ZnSe/Zn0.91Cd0.09Se MQW by Upconversion experiment. The Zn1-XCdXSe epilayer was growth with four kind of Cadmium compositions (X=0.08¡B0.32¡B0.60 and 0.84). The thickness of the Zn1-XCdXSe epilayer is around 0.5£gm. The ZnSe/Zn0.91Cd0.09Se MQW of well width thickness varies from 5nm¡B10nm¡B15nm to 20nm . From carrier recombination mechanism ,We get the two sample relative temperature dependence of radiative¡Bnonradiative recombination lifetime and quantum efficiency , From nonradiative recombination lifetime formula , we can get trap concentration and capture cross section. At low temperature the two samples recombination process is dominated by radiative recombination process. The two samples increase nonradiative recombination process and decrease quantum efficiency with increasing temperature. At high temperature the two samples recombination process is dominated by nonradiative recombination process.

The subject of this these is a preparation and printing of upconversion marks that have been printed by two printing techniques, namely screen printing and pad printing. The makrs were designed to visualize another chemical code identifiable by instrumentation. The impact of chemical code components on the fluorescence intensity of upconversion marks and the impact of individual components on printability and print sustainability were studied. The upconversion pigment was excited by NIR laser.

Biosensors are instrumental in the detection of analytes in a wide range of areas including enzyme kinetics and disease diagnosis. A proof-of-principle upconversion nanophosphor (UCNP) based biosensor based on luminescence energy transfer between UCNPs, acting as the energy transfer donor, and enzymes and biologically relevant proteins, the energy transfer acceptor is reported here. Analyte detection has been performed by ratiometric sensing by monitoring the change in the multiple emission bands of the UCNPs. Chapter 1 is an introduction into the emerging field of UCNPs as biosensing agents. These nanoparticles offer numerous advantages over current biosensing agents (namely organic dyes and quantum dots) including resistance to photobleaching and photoblinking, long emissive lifetimes, a large anti-Stokes' shift and near infrared (nIR) excitation to eliminate autofluoresence, and multiple characteristic emission bands for sensing multiple analytes. Chapter 2 describes the synthesis and characterisation of Yb3+/Tm3+ and Yb3+/Er3+ co-doped UCNPs via a range of different preparative methods; thermal decomposition, microwave irradiation and a one-step solvothermal process to produce hydrophilic UNCPs. In addition, commercial UCNPs, kindly donated by Phosphor Technology, were also characterised and used as a benchmark for characterisation of the newly synthesised UCNPs. Chapter 3 describes the detection of the enzyme pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase (PETNR), through energy transfer between the commercial Yb3+/Tm3+ doped UCNPs and the enzyme using ratiometric sensing. These proof-of-principle results were published in Dalton Transactions. In addition, ratiometric change of the UCNP emission bands was able to monitor the enzyme-substrate turnover in a two electron redox reaction. Chapter 4 describes techniques for increasing the scope and sensitivity of the proof-of-principle UCNP-enzyme biosensing system. Small, hydrophilic Yb3+/Tm3+ and Yb3+/Er3+ doped UCNPs, synthesised in chapter 2, were able to detect glucose oxidase and cytochrome c, in addition to PETNR. Covalent attachment of PETNR to Yb3+/Tm3+ doped UCNPs was additionally achieved. Chapter 5 describes the incorporation of UCNPs into optical ring resonators (ORRs) in order to develop a lost cost, label-free, rapid response biosensor. Drop casting and inkjet printing methods for the deposition of UCNPs onto these devices were investigated and emission of UCNPs was achieved, for the first time, by ORR excitation.

Upconversion fluorescent nanocrystals, Yb-Er, Yb-Ho and Yb-Tm co-doped LaF₃ were chemically synthesized. The average particle size was 4.4 nm with a narrow size distribution of ± 0.3 nm. Under the 980 nm NIR excitation, the green, red and blue emission bands from these nanocrystals were observed, respectively. These nanocrystals have potential applications as bio-probes and displays. / Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T18:07:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo7889_1.pdf: 1145740 bytes, checksum: b7623fb36e68590fae65b78367a8ac79 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Estudamos a conversão ascendente de freqüências em nanocristais de zirconia dopados com íons de érbio (Er3+), usando diferentes esquemas de excitação (bombeando com 488, 650, 980 e 1420 nm). As amostras estudadas foram nanocristais de óxido de zirconia ( ZrO2 ) (com tamanhos típicos ~ 50 nm) dopados com 0,05 e 2,00 mol% de íons de Er3+, preparados pelo método sol-emulsão-gel. Linhas de emissão de conversão ascendente de freqüências centradas em 525, 550 e 670 nm foram observadas. As linhas de emissão correspondem a transições dos níveis 2H11/2, 4S3/2 e 4F9/2 ao estado fundamental. Observamos que a forma do espectro de luminescência muda com a concentração de ío ns de Er3+ e o comprimento de onda de excitação. Equações de taxa foram usadas para descrever o comportamento da emissão quando as amostras são excitadas com 1420 nm. Neste esquema de bombeamento determinou-se que o parâmetro de transferência de energia ma is importante é relacionado com as interações entre triades de íons de Er3+ . A dinâmica de emissão fluorescente foi também estudada. O tempo de decaimento do estado 4S3/2 foi determinado. A curva de decaimento da amostra dopada com 0,05mol% foi ajustada com uma exponencial simples, enquanto que o comportamento da amostra dopada com 2 mol% foi ajustado usando o modelo de Inokuti-Hirayama com a finalidade de estudar a origem do processo de transferência de energia. Os resultados indicam que a interação ent re os íons de Er3+ é do tipo dipolo-dipolo

Upconversion studies typically use a laser as the source of low-energy photons. A lower cost, lower power, and fully tunable system was used here. The Fluoromax-4 spectrofluorometer incorporates a 150-W xenon lamp and illuminates a 1 cm3 volume in a standard cuvette. The 1 cm x 1cm excitation beam was reduced to 1 mm x 1 mm, increasing the power density by 100. The cuvette was mounted upon a translation stage so that the excitation beam could skim the inside surface of the cuvette. This minimized self-absorption of the output. Finally, an optical filter was included between the excitation monochromator and the cuvette to ensure that the solution was not exposed to undesired wavelengths. The instrument was tested with a known sensitizer/emitter system and upconversion was detected. Subsequently, a new pair of compounds was studied but the [Ru(deab)3]2+/BPEA solution did not exhibit upconversion in the modified instrument.

No description available.

The production of an efficient and low cost device has been the ultimate goal in the photovoltaic cell development. The fabrication and application of nanostructured materials in the field of energy conversion has been attracting a lot of attention. In this work, applications of surface plasmons (SPs) and photonic nanostructures to the field of energy conversion, specifically in the area of silicon solar cells and lanthanide energy upconversion (UC) luminescence applications were studied. Enhanced power conversion efficiency in bulk (single crystalline) silicon solar cells was demonstrated using an optimized mixture of the silver and gold nanoparticles (NPs) on the front of the cell to tackle the negative effect in the Au NPs plasmonic application. Then, a comparison of identically shaped metallic (Al, Au and Ag) and nonmetallic (SiO2) NPs integrated to the back contact of amorphous thin film silicon solar cells were investigated to solve a controversy issue in literature. The result indicates that parasitic absorption from metallic NPs might be a drawback to the SPs enhancement. A cost-effective fabrication of large area (5x5 cm2) honeycomb patterned transparent electrode for “folded” thin film solar cell application by combining the nanosphere lithography and electrodeposition were realized. Furthermore, the SPs enhanced tunable energy upconversion from NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+ NPs in nanoslits were also demonstrated, our results shows that the relative red/green emission can be controlled by different plasmonic mode coupling. / Graduate / phwang@uvic.ca

Bulk yttrium oxysulfide phosphors were prepared using the polysulfide flux method. The morphology and structure was characterized using transmission electron microscopy and x-ray powdered diffraction. Visible emissions occurring near 530 and 550 nm and 660 - 670 nm consistent with the 2H11/2, 4S3/2 → 4I15/2 and 4F9/2 → 4I15/2 transitions, respectively, were observed under 808, 980, and 1560 nm excitation. The upconverting mechanisms excited at 808, 980, and 1560 nm have been investigated in detail. The power dependent behavior of the upconverted emission intensities for singly doped erbium phosphors excited at 808 and 980 nm indicated a two-photon excitation process. Likewise, the ytterbium and erbium co-doped phosphors excited at 980 nm also indicated a two-photon excitation process. Doping with 10% erbium showed the most intense emissions under 808 and 1560 nm excitation. Yttrium oxysulfide co-doped with 15% ytterbium and 3% erbium showed the most intense emissions under 980 nm excitation. Upon 1560 nm excitation, the intensity of the red emission band was significantly enhanced by co-doping erbium with ytterbium. Concentration quenching became apparent when either the concentration of erbium or ytterbium reached 20%.

Neste trabalho foram realizadas preparação e caracterizações estrutural e espectroscópica de materiais à base de óxidos nanoestruturados de Ta2O5 dispersos em matrizes amorfas de SiO2, dopados com íons Er3+ e Eu3+. Os materiais foram sintetizados através da metodologia sol-gel e caracterizados com o intuito tanto de estudar a estrutura e a distribuição de íons lantanídeos nestes compósitos, quanto de otimizar suas propriedades ópticas. Foram utilizadas técnicas de espectroscopias vibracional de absorção na região do infravermelho e de espalhamento Raman, difratometria de raios X, espectroscopia de fotoluminescência, reflectância difusa, perfilometria, acoplamento por prisma e microscopia de força atômica para caracterizar tais sistemas na forma de pós e filmes. As variações na razão entre Si-Ta e na concentração de íons lantanídeos, promoveram alterações nos parâmetros estruturais do Ta2O5, mostrando que tais íons lantanídeos são incorporados preferencialmente na matriz de Ta2O5. Foi verificado que estes materiais nanocompósitos possuem tanto emissão em 1550 nm, quanto processos de conversão ascendente de energia com excitação em 980 nm, apresentando emissões nas regiões verde e vermelha. A investigação dos processos de emissão no infravermelho próximo e de transferência de energia como migração e conversão ascendente de energia foi realizada em função da variação de íons Er3+ nos sistemas, de temperaturas de tratamentos térmicos e de potências de excitação. Todos os materiais apresentaram largas e intensas emissões na região de 1550 nm e tempos de vida entre 6,9 a 0,5 ms, além de concentrações de supressão de 1 % em mol de íons Er3+ para materiais na forma de pós e 0,81% em mol de íons Er3+ para os filmes. Foi observado que as emissões na região do visível apresentam processos de absorção do estado excitado (ESA) e de transferência de energia (ETU), envolvendo cerca de 2 e 1,7 fótons para as emissões em 550 e 670 nm, respectivamente. Os filmes apresentaram nanocristais de Ta2O5 dispersos em uma matriz amorfa de sílica, perfis homogêneos para todas as amostras, além de superfícies livres de trincas e rugosidades médias da ordem de 1 nm, que demonstram elevado potencial para aplicações como guias de luz. Os materiais estudados apresentam potenciais aplicações como amplificadores ópticos, laseres e conversores de energia no infravermelho-visível. / This work reports on the preparation and structural and spectroscopic characterization of Er3+ ion and Eu3+.-doped nanostructured Ta2O5-based oxides materials dispersed in a SiO2 amorphous matrix. The materials were synthesized by the sol-gel method and characterized in order to study the structure and distribution of these lanthanides composite as well as to optimize its optical properties. The techniques used to characterize such systems, in the form of powders and films, were the vibrational infrared absorption spectroscopy and Raman scattering, X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance, perfilometry, prism coupling and atomic force microscopy. Variations in the Si-Ta ratio and the lanthanide ions concentration promoted changes in the Ta2O5 structural parameters, showing these lanthanide ions are preferentially incorporated in the Ta2O5 matrix of. It was found that these nanocomposite materials have emission in 1550 nm as well as green and red range upconversion energy processes with 980 nm excitation. The investigation of emission and energy transfer processes in the near infrared range - such as energy migration and upconversion - was carried out according the variation of Er3+ ions, annealing temperatures and excitation powers in the studied systems. All materials shown intense and wide emissions in the 1550 nm range, lifetimes of 6.9 to 0.5 ms and quenching concentrations of 1 mol% of Er3+ ions for materials in the powder form and 0.81 mol% of Er3+ ions for the films. It were observed excited state absorption (ESA) and energy transfer (ETU) processes, involving about 2 and 1.7 photons in the visible range emission at 550 and 670 nm, respectively. The films shown Ta2O5 nanocrystals dispersed in an amorphous SiO2 matrix with similar profiles for all samples, with crack-free surfaces and average roughness of about 1 nm, showing a high potential for applications such as waveguides. Therefore, the studied materials have potential applications as optical amplifiers, lasers and infrared-visible energy converters.