Orientadores: Darcy Flavio Nouer, Alexandre Augusto Zaia / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-24T13:09:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Valdrighi_HeloisaCristina_M.pdf: 2289569 bytes, checksum: bcde01911735e0d26e087dee77c34794 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999 / Resumo: A presente pesquisa teve o objetivo de avaliar, radiograficamente, a média e a freqüência da reabsorção radicular externa apical, correlacionando com a movimentação ortodôntica, bem como avaliar a presença de dimorfismo sexual, em 100 incisivos centrais superiores, de 50 pacientes, sendo 25 do sexo masculino e 25 do sexo feminino, leucodermas, portadores de maloclusão Classe II, divisão I de Angle. Os pacientes foram tratados pela técnica de Edgewise, Filosofia de Tweed, e todos os tratamentos envolveram extrações dos primeiros pré-molares. Para a análise estatística foram utilizados: a) teste t de Student; b) teste de regressão linear; c) coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e d) estatística das ordens assinaladas. Concluiu-se, frente os resultados obtidos, que: 1. A freqüência da reabsorção radicular externa apical nas classes de 1 a 2mm e 2 a 3 mm foi 46% e 44%, respectivamente, representando 90% do experimento; 2. A média de reabsorção radicular externa apical no sexo feminino foi de 2,19mm e no sexo masculino de 1,83mm, sendo verificada, portanto, a presença de dimorfismo sexual; 3. Os movimentos de retração e intrusão predispõem mais a reabsorção radicular externa apical do que o movimento de torque, embora todos tenham sido estatisticamente significantes. 4. A reabsorção radicular verificada neste estudo não comprometeu a estabilidade e longevidade dos dentes analisados, sendo clinicamente irrelevante / Abstract: This present study analysed, by lateral cephalograms and periapical x-ray films, the average and frequency of external apical root resorption, correlationing to orthodontic movement, as well as avalue the sexual dimorphism, in 100 upper central incisors, of 50 patients (25 male and 25 female), with malocclusion Class II, division 1. All the patients were treated by Edgewise technique, Tweed Philosophy, and all treatments envolved extraction of first premolars. For the statistic analysis we used Student t test; linear regression test, Pearson test and a non parametric test. From these data, we conclued that: 1. External apical root resorption frequency between 1 to 2mm and 2 to 3 mm were 46% and 44%, representing 90% of this present study; 2. The average of external apical root resorption in girls and boys were 2,19mm and 1,83mm, was noted the sexual dimorphism; 3. Distal body retraction and incisor intrusion were more predictive of external apical root resorption then torque movement, although all of them were statistic significant. 4. Root resorption analysed in this study didn't compromise the stabilíty and longevity of the examined teeth, being irrelevant in the clinic / Mestrado / Ortodontia / Mestre em Odontologia

Thermodynamic relationships are used to predict several physicochemical properties of organic compounds. As described in chapter one, the UPPER model (Unified Physicochemical Property Estimation Relationships) has been used to predict nine essential physicochemical properties of pure compounds. It was developed almost 25 years ago and has been validated by the Yalkowsky group for almost 2000 aliphatic, aromatic, and polyhalogenated hydrocarbons. UPPER is based on a group of additive and nonadditive descriptors along with a series of well-accepted thermodynamic relationships. In this model, the two-dimensional chemical structure is the only input needed. Chapter (1) extends the applicability of UPPER to hydrogen bonding and non-hydrogen bonding aromatic compounds with several functional groups such as alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, carbonate, carbamate, amine, amide, nitrile as well as aceto, and nitro compounds. The total data set includes almost 3000 compounds. Aside from the enthalpies and entropies of melting and boiling, no training set is used for the calculation of the properties. The results show that UPPER enables a reasonable estimation of all the considered properties. Chapter (2) uses modification of the van't Hoff equation to predict the solubility of organic compounds in dry octanol as explained in chapter two. The equation represents a linear relationship between the logarithm of the solubility of a solute in octanol to its melting temperature. More than 620 experimentally measured octanol solubilities, collected from the literature, are used to validate the equation without using any regression or fitting. The average absolute error of the prediction is 0.66 log units. Chapter (3) compares the use of a statistic based model for the prediction of aqueous solubility to the existing general solubility equation (GSE).

Title: The impact of nonspecific exercise on the coordination of the upper extremities in swimming style crawl Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to determine whether the exercise alternating circling of the upper extremities in standing applied during the swimming lessons has impact on improving technically swimming style crawl. Methods: The research involved 30 probands of the 1st degree of Faculty of Physical Education of Sport Charles University who have never taken part in swimming training. During the research was used only non-invasive methods. The measurement of height of body, upper extremity range and body composition on TANITA device. Testing was carried out in the laboratories of sports motorics at Faculty of Physical Education of Sport in Charles' University. Than testing in swimming pool was attended a swimming test at the distance of 25 and 50 m. Probands were testing in time and it was calculated number of strokes in a swimming test at the distance of 25 to 50 m. Results: In the swimming test of 25 m distance it was statistically significant change in overall performance, only a high degree of material significance was confirmed in the frequency of the strokes. In the swimming test of 50 m distance we recorded a statistically significant change in the overall performance only in...

The dynamics of the atmospheric meteor region have been studied using the data obtained with - - the Grahamstown (33°16'S, 26<>:30'E) meteor radar between the years 1987 and 1993 inclusive. Harmonic analysis and the maximum entropy method (MEM) , were used for the spectral characterization ofthe wind above Grahamstown. The prevailing wind, tidal (periods 12- and 24- h) and other (periods 8- and 6-h) oscillations were extracted from the data using the guidelines agreed upon by the A TMAP community. Above Grahamstown the zonal and meridional prevailing winds were found to be predominantly eastward and equatorward respectively. Tidal amplitudes are comparable to the magnitude of the prevailing wind vector, with the diurnal tide being stronger than the semidiurnal tide. The phase differences between ,the zonal and meridional components of the semidiurnal and diurnal tides are - 2 hand - 5 h respectively, which is in reasonable agreement with the corresponding expected values of3 hand 6 h. The tidal wind vectors are on average elliptically polarized with anticlockwise rotation. Longitudinal and day-to-day tidal variations were studied. From the longitudinal study, the semidiurnal tide was found to be dominated by migrating modes, while the diurnal tidal behaviour suggests the presence of nonmigrating modes with zonal wavenumber s = 4. Tides were found to be variable from day to day with little apparent correlation between the zonal and meridional components of the respective tides.

The International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) shape parameters B0, B1, and D1 provide a representation of the shape of the F2 layer, the thickness of the F2 layer and the shape of the F1 layer of the ionosphere respectively. The aim of this study was to examine the variability of these parameters using Grahamstown, South Africa (33.3±S, 26.5±E) ionosonde data and determine their predictability by the IRI-2001 model. A further aim of this study was to investigate developing an alternative model for predicting these parameters. These parameters can be determined from electron density profiles that are inverted from ionograms recorded with an ionosonde. Data representing the B0, B1 and D1 parameters, with half hourly or hourly intervals, were scaled and deduced from the digital pulse sounder (DPS) ionosonde for the period April 1996 to December 2006. An analysis of the diurnal, seasonal, and solar variations of the behaviour of these parameters was undertaken for the years 2000, 2004 and 2005 using monthly medians. Comparisons between the observational results and that of the IRI model (IRI 2001 version) indicate that the IRI-2001 model does not accurately represent the diurnal and seasonal variation of the parameters. A preliminary model was thus developed using the technique of Neural Networks (NNs). All available data from the Grahamstown ionosonde from 1996 to 2006 were used in the training of the NNs and the prediction of the variation of the shape parameters. Inputs to the model were the day number, the hour of day, the solar activity and the magnetic index. Comparisons between the preliminary NN model and the IRI-2001 model indicated that the preliminary model was more accurate at the prediction of the parameters than the IRI-2001 model. This analysis showed the need to improve the existing IRI model or develop a new model for the South African region. This thesis describes the results from this feasibility study which show the variability and predictability of the IRI shape parameters.

During the last two decades, the Fair Trade literature has constantly questioned the basic theoretical assumptions of dominant economic orthodoxies and the Fairtrade system has challenged mainstream businesses with its market successes. In the heart of this rapidly growing system is its general modus operandi stating, firstly, that all low-income, lower-middle-income and upper-middle-income economies (i.e. developing countries) are welcomed to join as countries where Fairtrade products are produced in primary production, traded and consumed. Secondly, that the high-income economies (i.e. developed countries) are the countries where Fairtrade products are traded (or processed in secondary production) and consumed. However, the Fairtrade system's practice is inconsistent with its internal normative and operational bases in the case of nine European upper-middle income economies, which are allowed to have Fairtrade traders (or processors in secondary production) and consumers, however, their poor and marginalised small-scale producers are forbidden from entering the Fairtrade system as primary producers. Therefore, they are under a direct threat of becoming double-losers, potentially excluded from both non-Fairtrade and Fairtrade economy. This inconsistency is important because the greater integration of all upper-middle-income economies may in practice be another step towards the creation of a more global Fairtrade system. In this envisioned state, firstly, the poor and marginalised small-scale producers and workers from nine excluded upper-middle-income economies will gain a new perspective to develop and thrive, by being included in the Fairtrade system. Secondly, more poor and marginalised small-scale producers and workers from other countries of the world will gain additional and stronger access to new markets in these nine upper-middle-income economies once they are fully included. One of these "producer-excluded" upper-middle-income economies - Serbia, and its full Fairtrade potentials, which have never been fully on the Fair Trade radar before, will be in the focus of my doctoral research. / Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Background: Numerous multidimensional assessment tools have been developed to measure frailty; however, the clinical feasibility of these tools is limited. We previously developed and validated an upper-extremity function (UEF) assessment method that incorporates wearable motion sensors. The purpose of the current study was to: 1) cross-sectionally validate the UEF method in a larger sample in comparison with the Fried index; 2) develop a UEF frailty index to predict frailty categories including non-frail, pre-frail, and frail based on UEF parameters and demographic information, using the Fried index as the gold standard; and 3) develop a UEF continuous score (points scores for each UEF parameter and a total frailty score) based on UEF parameters and demographic information, using the Fried index as the gold standard. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional validation and index development study within the Banner Medical Center, Tucson, and Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona. Community-dwelling and outpatient older adults (>= 60 years; n = 352; 132 non-frail, 175 pre-frail, and 45 frail based on Fried criteria) were recruited. For the UEF test, each participant performed a 20-s elbow flexion, within which they repetitively and rapidly flexed and extended their dominant elbow. Using elbow motion outcomes two UEF indexes were developed (categorical and score). The Fried index was measured as the gold standard. Results: For the categorical index, speed of elbow flexion, elbow range of motion, elbow moment, number of flexion, speed variability and reduction within 20 s, as well as body mass index (BMI) were included as the pre-frailty/frailty predictor parameters. Results from 10-fold cross-validation showed receiver operator characteristic area under the curve of 0.77 +/- 0.07 and 0.80 +/- 0.12 for predicting Fried pre-frailty and frailty, respectively. UEF score (0.1 to 1.0) was developed using similar UEF parameters. Conclusions: We present an objective, sensor-based frailty assessment tool based on physical frailty features including slowness, weakness, exhaustion (muscle fatigue), and flexibility of upper-extremity movements. Within the current study, the method was validated cross-sectionally using the Fried index as the gold standard and the UEF categorical index and UEF frailty score were developed for research purposes and potentially for future clinical use.

Despite the economic importance of dolomitised Upper Cretaceous strata, little work has been conducted to further the understanding of the controls on dolomitisation during a green-house period with low marine Mg/Ca ratio. This study presents a multidisciplinary, multi-scale approach using field, petrographical and geochemical data to understand the mechanism of dolomitisation in North Africa and western Mediterranean in order to determine the controls on dolomitisation of Upper Cretaceous strata. Two field areas have been chosen that exhibit similar facies and are time equivalent, located along the Jeffara Escarpment in southern Tunisia and in the Iberian Range of central Spain. Both areas comprise facies deposited in mid-ramp, platform margin, lagoon, inter- and supra-tidal environments. Based on the distribution of facies, a sequence stratigraphic model was proposed for both areas which show similar changes in relative sea level. In the Iberian Basin there is strong evidence of a dramatic rearrangement in basin architecture resulting from tectonic activity during the Upper Cenomanian, whilst on the Jeffara Escarpment deposition took place on a passive margin. Both areas show evidence of warm, arid climates; even though the Iberian Range was in a more northerly palaeogeographic position, there was a rain shadow which affected facies distribution and dolomitisation. Planar dolomite fabrics, dull luminescence under cathodoluminescence, marine trace element concentrations and marine to slightly enriched oxygen isotope values suggest that dolomitisation occurred from mesosaline, marine fluids. Dolomitisation occurred from multiple fluxes of dolomitising fluids, controlled by high frequency changes in relative sea level. A cessation of dolomitisation only occurred during late transgressive systems tract of low order sea level cycles as a result of platform flooding. The Distribution of dolomitising fluids was partly controlled by pre-cursor limestone with low permeability horizons acting as aquicludes and permeable sandstones acting as aquifers. Changes in basin architecture caused reversals in flow of dolomitising fluids on the Iberian Range whilst increased subsidence caused cessation of dolomitisation due to rapid increase in relative sea level on the platform top. Dolomitisation occurred over a wider geographical area in the Jeffara Escarpment compared to the Iberian Range as a result of higher fluid salinity, larger brine pool and higher temperature of dolomitising fluids. The distribution of dolomitised strata of the circum-Tethys and across the Arabian Plate suggests that early reflux dolomitisation occurred within arid climate belts, and did not require hypersaline conditions, evidenced by evaporite distribution, as previously suggested. This study has important implications for the hydrocarbon industry by improving our ability to predict distribution, size and geometry of dolomitised strata essential for hydrocarbon exploration and field development. Furthermore this study has improved our understanding on the controls on dolomitisation during greenhouse periods with low Mg/Ca ratio of seawater and high frequency sea level changes.

Studien syftar till att undersöka om investerare anser att kvinnliga verkställande direktörer (VD) tillför värde till företaget genom att studera marknadsreaktionen när kvinnliga VD:ar tillkännages. Studien undersöker även om VD:ns erfarenheter och egenskaper, enligt Upper Echelons Theory, har en effekt på studerad marknadsreaktion. Studien avgränsas till den svenska marknaden där företag på Nasdaq Stockholm samt First North inkluderas, där urvalet består av 49 företag. Marknadens reaktion vid tillkännagivande av nya, kvinnliga VD:ar operationaliseras till den abnormala avkastningen vid eventdagen enligt marknadsmodellen, och tas fram för tio dagar innan tillkännagivandet till och med tio dagar efter. Resultatet visar att investerare är positivt inställda till kvinnliga VD:ar och anser de värdeskapande då signifikant positiv abnormal avkastning kan utläsas. Avseende antaganden om att VD:ns erfarenheter och egenskaper har effekt på marknadens reaktion finner studien inga signifikanta resultat och gör att hypoteserna varken kan förkastas eller accepteras.

Peer feedback and its role for students’ language learning receive considerable interest in thefield of English as a foreign language. A related area of interest is the ways in which teachersare trained in their use of peer feedback and its integration into their classroom practice. Yet,research on the ways in which English language textbooks include opportunities for andinstructions in peer feedback are sparse. Given the importance of textbooks in EFLclassrooms as one of the primary sources of L2 input, the aims of this study are to investigate:1) Whether commonly used textbooks for teaching English in Swedish upper-secondaryschools recommend or integrate peer feedback, and what a) the frequency, and b) type ofthese recommendations and exercises are. 2) How the recommendations and exercises alignwith a) recommendations and best practices as identified in the literature, and b) the nationalcurriculum and the syllabus for English 7.To answer these questions, we analyze one of the most commonly used textbooks for teachingEnglish 7 in Swedish upper-secondary schools, Blueprint C Version 2.0. The findings showonly two instances in the book where the use of peer feedback is promoted as a valuablestrategy for improving the quality of students’ productions. It also shows that the bookcontains a total of 52 writing and speaking exercises, out of which 30 include the use of peerfeedback that, to some extent, aligns with best practice recommendations. As for thealignment with the curriculum and syllabus, the identified recommendations and support forthe use of peer feedback, as well as the peer feedback exercises, are shown to specificallymeet one of the goals of the national curriculum and three of the bullet points listed in thecore content in the syllabus for English 7.