During the 1960s, residents of isolated Kwakiutl Indian communities, located near the northern tip of Vancouver Island in Johnstone Straight, were encouraged by representatives of the Department of Indian Affairs (DIA) to relocate to regional urban centers. The majority of families from various Kwakiutl bands were, as a result, assimilated into non-native centers throughout the province. This thesis examines the planning processes that contributed to the death of the Johnstone Straight communities; identifies the impacts of relocation on members of one Kwakiutl band, the Tanakteuk; and evaluates various alternatives for Indian development in the future, including an assessment of the desirability of reinhabitation of Kwakiutl homelands. A literature review of international regional planning theory and development approaches points to the popularity of growth center development theory for two decades after World War Two. This theory continued to guide Canadian planning initiatives during the 1960s, resulting in the decline of rural communities, both native and non-native. Interviews with Kwakiutl band members and former DIA personnel, and an examination of DIA documents, contribute to a profile of events leading to the relocation of Kwakiutl bands in the region. Consistent with the proponents of the growth center theory, DIA suspected that the costs of providing services and facilities could be minimized in urban centers as a result, of achieving economies of scale not possible with scattered villages, and that employment opportunities in industry would be greater. The department acted on this belief by reducing the provision of crucial services to the Johnstone Straight communities, without consulting those Indians directly affected. An examination of documentation suggests that the relocation of Indians to urban centers was further advocated by DIA personnel for an additional reason: such a move would encourage Indians to abandon traditional lifestyles, and promote their assimilation into modern Canadian society. According to the assumptions on which orthodox development theory and DIA planning processes are based, Indians must adopt the values and lifestyles of participants in modern society for their development to proceed. A questionnaire was administered to Tanakteuk Band members to investigate the impacts of relocation and the level of support for re-establishing the community of New Vancouver in their traditional homeland. Results of the survey demonstrate that the socio-economic conditions of the Tanakteuk families have not significantly improved as a result of being incorporated into mainstream Canadian society. In retrospect, growth center doctrine proved to be an inappropriate guide for the planning process for natives. While relocation may have increased access to services and facilities, it did not result in increased employment opportunities. Moreover, by promoting assimilation into non-native societies, relocation threatened the cultural survival of the Tanakteuk. Having evaluated several options, the re-establishment of a community in New Vancouver has been identified by five Tanakteuk heads of households as the most rational means to strengthen their culture and further the long-term development of the Band. An alternative theory of development based on a synthesis of a territorial development approach and systems theory supports this planning option. The case study of the Tanakteuk provides strong justification of the need for major changes to the planning processes used by the Department of Indian Affairs. An orthodox approach to development must be replaced by an alternative that aims to strengthen Indian society through the development of Indian economies within Indian cultural frameworks under the control of Indian political institutions. Planning processes must account for cultural differences of clientele. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

The thesis develops and documents a workflow for applying TRANSIMS to the analysis of Developments of Regional Impact (DRI). The proposed workflow will consider perspectives of both the transportation agency responsible for the evaluating the DRI and the transportation engineer responsible for performing the analysis. TRANSIMS offers a comprehensive framework for managing inputs and outputs that follow a transportation planning workflow. Not a single, monolithic software application, TRANSIMS is a suite of 65 small, light-weight, single-task tools for creating and manipulating GIS shape files and SQL data base files, estimating the elements of a four-step transportation modeling process, and computing link and vehicle delays for a given transportation network. Current analysis techniques for developments of regional impact require that the analyst apply arbitrary or non-repeatible estimates for trip assignments at the regional level. Because of the modular nature of the TRANSIMS, implementing each DRI as a layer in the GIS data base will permit the mixing and matching of multiple DRI within a local area, permitting a risk-based approach to the evaluation of multiple DRI, any of which may or may not actually happen. This thesis focuses exclusively on the review of DRI analysis techniques, review of TRANSIMS modules, and development of a proposed DRI workflow within the TRANSIMS framework.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1993. / "Workshop report." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 150-156).

Mikroskräp, vilket är partiklar mindre än 5 mm, kan exempelvis bestå av textilfibrer, plast-, gummi-, väg- och förbränningspartiklar. Partiklarna sprids i miljön på grund av mänskliga aktiviteter och problemet är internationellt uppmärksammat, speciellt för mikroplaster där många vetenskapliga studier har gjorts. Det är känt att mikroskräp kan vara problematiskt då partiklarna dels kan bestå av toxiska ämnen, de kan även föra med sig skadliga ämnen via adsorption till recipient vilket kan påverka växter och djur negativt. Slutligen kan djur missta partiklarna som föda vilket kan leda till kvävning och svält. Studier på mikroskräp utförs för att öka kunskapen om bland annat spridningen och hur omgivningen påverkas av de små skräppartiklarna. Hittills har få studier gjorts på mikroskräpförekomster i urbana områden. För att öka den kunskapen om förekomsten av mikroskräp i den urbana miljön har en studie genomförts i Luleå där syftet var att undersöka typ och kvantitet mikroskräp som förekommer i den urbana miljön. Olika områdestyper har granskats och dessa är; flerfamiljshusområde, villaområde, centrum/park, centrum/trafik, handelsområde, industriområde och ett icke-urbant område. Storleks- och färgvariationer samt skillnader mellan områdestypernas skräpförekomster skulle också studeras. Prover från alla områdestyper togs under våren 2018 från orörd snö där föroreningar ackumulerats under vinterhalvåret. Med orörd snö menas sådan snö som är opåverkad från yttre faktorer som exempelvis nedtrampning eller skottning. Den smälta snön filtrerades genom två filter som hade porstorlekarna 300 µm och 50 µm. Även analyser av pH, konduktivitet, suspenderat material och glödgningsförlust gjordes på prov från alla områden. Filtren analyserades i stereomikroskop med en förstoring på cirka 40 gånger. Antalet naturliga fibrer, plastfibrer, plastpartiklar och svarta partiklar analyserades från alla filter och färgen hos fibrerna och plastpartiklarna noterades. De svarta partiklarna delades upp i väg-, eller förbränningspartiklar, gummipartiklar och sfäriska förbränningspartiklar. Resultaten visade att det förekommer mikroskräppartiklar i den urbana miljön. Det var främst svarta partiklar som detekterades, antalet uppgick till hundratals upp mot tusentals partiklar per liter. Antalet detekterade fibrer från urbana områden varierade mellan ca 150-200 stycken per liter medan det detekterats ca 40 fibrer per liter från det rurala området. Förekomsten av plastpartiklar från de olika områdestyperna var mer sällsynt då det endast detekterades från tre av sju provtagningsområden, antalet uppgick till 5-11 partiklar per liter. Det detekterades fler partiklar i den mindre storleksfraktionen, 50–300 µm i jämförelse med den större >300 µm. Fibrernas färger varierade mycket från varje provtagningsplats men vanliga färger var svart, blå och transparant. Flest partiklar detekterades i prov från de urbana områdestyperna centrum park, centrum trafik och från handelsområdet. Minst antal partiklar detekterades i det icke-urbana området som hade minst urban påverkan. Slutsatser som drogs från studien var att det förekommer och sprids mikroskräp i den urbana miljön. Områden som har större exponering av människor och trafik har också ett högre antal mikroskräppartiklar per liter samt per kvadratmeter och dag. Genom att undersöka förekomsten av mikroskräp i fler städer samt att använda ytterligare karaktäriserande metoder för att bestämma vilken typ av partikel som detekterats så hade det bidragit till ökad kunskap om förekomsten och spridningen av mikroskräp i urbana miljöer. / Micro litter, which are particles less than 5 mm, can include, for example textile- and plastic fibres, plastic-, rubber-, road-, and combustion particles. The particles are present and widespread in the environment due to human activities and the problem is internationally noted. Especially for microplastics, which is a part of micro litter, where many scientific studies are made. It is known that micro litter particles could both consist of and bring harmful elements via adsorption to the recipient where animals and plants could be adversely affected. The micro litter could also be mistaken of being food by animals. Micro litter studies are made to increase the knowledge about the occurrence, effects and fate of the small particles. So far, only a few studies are made on the occurrence of micro litter in urban areas.To increase the knowledge of the occurrence of microliter in the urban environment, a study has been carried out in Luleå (north of Sweden) where the purpose was to investigate the type and quantity of micro litter that occurs in the urban environment. Different types of areas have been studied, these are; an apartment area, an area of villas, a park and an area with a lot of traffic in the city centre, commercial area, industrial area and a rural undeveloped area. Differences in particle sizes and colour, together with the variations between the studied areas was also determined. All different studied areas were sampled during spring 2018 of untouched snow, which means undisturbed snow (not e.g. shovelled snow). Meltwater from the snow was filtrated through two filters with mesh sizes of 300 µm and 50 µm. Analysis of pH, conductivity, suspended solids and loss of ignition was also made. The filters were analysed in a stereo microscope with a magnification of around 40 times. The number of fibres, both plastic and naturally occurring, plastic particles and black particles were counted from all filters. The colour of the fibres and plastic particles were also noted. The black particles were divided between road or combustion particles, rubber particles and spherical combustion particles.The results showed that micro litter particles occur in the urban environment. The most common type of discovered micro litter was black particles, hundred up to thousands of particles per litre was detected. The number of detected fibres from urban areas varied between 150-200 per litre, while in the rural area, 40 fibres per litre were detected. The occurrence of plastic particles were more rare in the different sampling locations, since it only was detected in three of seven sampling areas and varied between 5-11 particles per litre. In the smaller particle fraction, 50– 300 µm, a higher number of particles were detected in comparison with the larger fraction (>300 µm). A large variation was seen between colours of the fibres, the most common ones were black, blue and transparent. The largest amount of micro litter was detected in the urban areas, in the park and the area with traffic in the city centre and from the commercial area. Least particles were detected in the rural area which had the least urban impact. Conclusions drawn from the study were that micro litter occurs and are widespread in the urban environment. Areas with high exposure to humans and traffic also have higher amounts of micro litter particles per litre and per square meter and day.By investigating the presence of micro litter in more cities and using additional characterizing methods for determining the type of particles that have been detected, it would have contributed to increasing knowledge about the occurrence and spread of micro litter in urban environments.

published_or_final_version / Urban Planning / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:41:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ELIZANGELA SENA.pdf: 2753130 bytes, checksum: 08462d4be31fc22a244b8f26df8940ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-18 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This paper presents a literature on "Impacts of the Programme in architectural and urban landscape PROSAMIM in Manaus. Investigates the documentary and bibliographic databases through the speeches of its agents creators and implementers to address architectural and urban impacts caused by the intervention program in the city landscape and changes in function of these interventions building on a new context of housing and urban defined by public policy in Manaus. To analyze the concept, features and sectors housing along with the techniques developed in the architecture design, implemented by the Program PROSAMIM; check to what extent the PROSAMIM can help reverse the state of imbalance in the city of Manaus city, including the process spatial organization caused by the implementation. / O presente trabalho apresenta uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre Os impactos arquitetônicos e urbanísticos do Programa PROSAMIM na Paisagem de Manaus . Procura investigar as bases documentais e bibliográficas através dos discursos de seus agentes criadores e executores para abordar os impactos arquitetônicos e urbanísticos, causados pela intervenção do Programa na paisagem da cidade e as mudanças ocorridas em função dessas intervenções, tomando por base um novo contexto habitacional e urbanístico definido pelas políticas públicas em Manaus. Analisar o conceito, as funcionalidades e setorizações das habitações, juntamente com as técnicas desenvolvidas no projeto de arquitetura, implantados pelo Programa PROSAMIM; verificar em que medida o PROSAMIM é capaz de auxiliar na reversão do quadro de desequilíbrio urbano na cidade de Manaus, para compreender o processo de organização espacial causado pela implementação do mesmo.

The Impact of Neighborhood Study was formalized by the Statute of the City Law as an instrument of urban policy, but it s still subject of discussion in multidisciplinary fields such as Law, Geography and City Planning, on its universe of coverage. This paper analyzes the Impact of Neighborhood to identify its limitations and prospects of application. For this analysis are sought, initially, the genesis of the instrument, trying to identify its origin and appearance as well as the conceptual aspects of founding, considered the impact of urban neighborhoods and developments impacting. Since the 1970s, the society attempts to regulate, through legislation, specific parameters for the implementation of some activities in urban areas, but only in 2001 was formalized a specific instrument for this purpose. To understand the universe of coverage of the Impact of Neighborhood Study were used definitions of some authors, organized in a framework where they established two types of discussion: the Impact of Neighborhood Study as a guarantee of constitutional principles and as an instrument of social control and urban land use. This study also examines three methods of application of the Impact of Neighborhood Study, built from the intention to promote the application of the instrument, making sure they were facing the city and neighborhood impacts. Finally, it were analyzed the laws of certain municipalities that already have regulations on the Impact of Neighborhood Study, checking its progress and contributions related to the Statute of the City Law, identifying how it were established: the urban impact, the neighborhood, the striking new development and mitigating and compensatory measures of verified impacts. / O Estudo de Impacto de Vizinhança (EIV) foi formalizado pelo Estatuto da Cidade como um instrumento da política urbana, mas ainda hoje é objeto de discussão sobre seu universo de abrangência em campos multidisciplinares, como o Direito, a Geografia e o Planejamento Urbano. Esta dissertação de mestrado em Arquitetura e Urbanismo analisa o Estudo de Impacto de Vizinhança (EIV), visando identificar seus limites e perspectivas de aplicação. Para a realização desta análise busca-se, inicialmente, a gênese do instrumento, procurando identificar sua origem e surgimento assim como os aspectos conceituais fundantes, considerados o impacto urbano, a vizinhança e os empreendimentos impactantes. Desde a década de 1970, a sociedade tenta regulamentar, através de suas legislações, parâmetros específicos para a implantação de algumas atividades no território urbano, mas só em 2001 é que se formalizou um instrumento específico para este fim. Para a compreensão do universo de abrangência do EIV foram utilizadas as definições de alguns autores, organizadas em um quadro de onde são estabelecidas duas ordens de discussão: o EIV como garantia de princípios constitucionais e como forma de controle social e do uso do solo urbano. Este trabalho também analisa três metodologias de aplicação do EIV, construídas a partir da intenção de favorecer a aplicação do instrumento, verificando como foram enfrentados os impactos urbanos e a vizinhança. Por fim, analisa-se as legislações de alguns municípios brasileiros, que já possuem regulamentação sobre o EIV, verificando os avanços e contribuições em relação ao Estatuto da Cidade, identificando como foram estabelecidos: os impactos urbanos, à vizinhança, os empreendimento impactantes e as medidas mitigadoras e compensatórias decorrentes dos impactos constatados.