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O objetivo desta Tese é a proposição de uma metodologia alternativa para planejamento de transportes que contempla as ferramentas disponíveis na ciência do sensoriamento remoto. A perspectiva adotada analisa aspectos do planejamento de transportes urbanos, tendo como embasamento os dados e informações advindos das imagens de satélite com alto poder de resolução espacial. A metodologia usa a abordagem baseada em objetos para classificar imagens de satélite de sensoriamento remoto. Através do processo de classificação, identificam-se feições urbanas úteis para o planejamento de transporte, em especial áreas de concentração de polos geradores de viagens do município de João Pessoa no estado da Paraíba, Brasil. A proposta é que com base nesses dados, e outros provenientes de uma pesquisa de campo (pesquisa domiciliar origem/destino), é possível caracterizar o uso do solo e a correspondente demanda por transportes. O estudo se justifica por propor uma alternativa mais ágil e menos onerosa, em comparação aos métodos tradicionais de construção e atualização da base de dados para análises de transportes. Ao identificar as regiões da cidade com as maiores quantidades de viagens geradas, os resultados obtidos auxiliam nas ações de planejamento do sistema de transportes, visando alcançar o equilíbrio entre oferta e demanda de transporte com o uso do solo urbano. / The objective of this Thesis is to propose an alternative method of transportation planning that considers the tools available in the science of remote sensing. The perspective adopted examines aspects of urban transportation planning, having as basis the data and information coming from satellite images with high spatial resolution. The methodology uses the object-based approach to classify remote sensing satellite imagery. Through the classification process, urban features useful for transportation planning are identified, mainly areas of concentration of trip generation in the city of João Pessoa, state of Paraíba, Brazil. The proposal is that, based on these data, and others from a field research (origin/destination home-interview survey), it is possible to characterize the land use and the corresponding demand for transport. The study is justified because it proposes a more agile and less costly alternative, compared to traditional methods of building and updating the database for transport analysis. By identifying areas of the city with the largest amounts of trips generated, the results support planning actions on the transportation system, in order to achieve a balance between transport supply and demand with urban land use.

Este trabalho mostra os resultados obtidos durante as atividades de pesquisa e levantamento de dados sobre os equipamentos urbanos de carga denominados Estações Aduaneiras Interiores (EADIs), conhecidos como Portos Secos, na identificação de impactos ambientais resultantes das operações portuárias desses estabelecimentos. O conflito na utilização do espaço viário da área urbana por modos e sistemas de transporte de carga, incumbidos da tarefa de movimentação e transporte de mercadorias dos Portos Secos nas cidades brasileiras, especialmente aquelas de maior porte e em regiões metropolitanas, a saber, caminhões e trens, leva à preocupação tanto pela inexistência de uma legislação específica locacional para estes equipamentos impactantes, como pela grande disseminação destes empreendimentos, especialmente na década de 1990. Aspectos operacionais como a movimentação de cargas e intermodalidade de transportes nas áreas dos Portos Secos, as atividades produtivas urbanas e regionais e a utilização dos Portos Secos, a concentração desses equipamentos nas periferias industriais urbanas das maiores cidades do país, a utilização do sistema viário principal urbano para a viabilização do transporte de cargas, a localização dos Portos Secos e a logística empresarial, entre outros, chamam a atenção num contexto onde o transporte de cargas e o cumprimento das leis geradas pelas políticas governamentais e de regulamentação ainda não reconhecem as necessidades reais das cargas urbanas no Brasil. Aspectos de planejamento para os projetos dos Portos Secos e a atenção à circulação de cargas no ambiente urbano, frente ao uso e ocupação do solo, determinados pelas leis municipais e à infra-estrutura urbana existente, calcados exclusivamente nos custos operacionais e na acessibilidade, subsidiam este trabalho na formulação de diretrizes de planejamento estratégico de uso e ocupação do solo urbano para Portos Secos, para a redução dos impactos ambientais negativos dos transportes urbanos de cargas. Os principais impactos ambientais, que afetam (de forma mais aguda) a área urbana que hospeda o Porto Seco, especialmente nos casos onde não há um estudo de pré-viabilidade e compatibilização do equipamento ao uso e a ocupação do solo, bem como sua adequação às regras do Planejamento Urbano relacionado ao Planejamento dos Transportes tanto nos ambientes físico, natural, político, legal e de planejamento quanto no ambiente sócio-econômico. Examinar o funcionamento de um Porto Seco - EADI Ribeirão Preto - e sua relação impactante na área urbana onde atua, sua movimentação de cargas e prestação de serviços, levando em conta os custos econômicos diretos e indiretos para diferentes atividades, especialmente os custos e impactos ligados aos ambientes natural, social e econômico, faz parte de um diagnóstico a ser elaborado a partir de indicadores de qualidade de funcionamento da área urbana. Os problemas da localização dos Portos Secos induzem a formulação de diretrizes de planejamento estratégico de uso e ocupação do solo que auxiliem na minimização dos impactos ambientais causados durante a realização das tarefas de armazenamento, manuseio, distribuição e transporte de cargas. Os resultados aqui apresentados poderão ser de grande pertinência e utilidade para o poder público na formulação de um quadro legal e de regulamentação e para o segmento empresarial ansioso por melhores decisões estratégicas. Este trabalho apresentará dados, imagens, mapas, tabelas, gráficos, entre outros, tornando-se mais dinâmico na leitura e compreensível no aporte teórico. / The present work brings forth the results of the research and data colleting activities on the freight urban equipment called Interior Custom Stations (ICSs), named EADI in portuguese, also known as Dry Ports, in the identification of the impact the operations carried out in these stations may have on the environment. The problematic use of the urban locomotion spaces by trucks and trains, the modes and systems of freight transportation in charge of moving and transporting freight from the Dry Ports to Brazilian cities, especially the larger and metropolitan ones, in troublesome for the lack of specific local legislation for such impact equipments as well as for their spread in Brazil specially in the 1990th decade. Operational aspects like freight moving and transport intermodality in the Dry Port areas, productive urban and rural activities and the Dry Ports usage, the concentration of these equipments in country\'s larges cities urban industrial outskirts, the location of the Dry Ports and business logistics, among others, call our attention in a context where freight transporting and the fulfillment of the laws created by government and regulation policies still do not understand the real needs of urban freight in Brazil. Planning aspects of the Dry Ports\' Projects together with the attention to the circulation of freight in urban surroundings in face of both use and occupation of the land determined by Municipal laws and the existing urban infra-structure (based exclusively on operational costs and accessibility), support this research in the formulation of strategic planning guidelines of use and occupation of urban land for Dry Ports towards the reduction of negative environmental impacts of urban freight transporting. The major environmental impacts affect (in a more direct way) the urban area that houses the Dry Port, most visibly in cases when there are no studies on the pre-viability and compatibility of the equipment to the use and occupation of the land, as well to its adequacy to the rules of Urban Planning concerning Transport Planning in the physical, natural, political, legal and socio-economical ambience. A close examination of a Dry Port - EADI Ribeirão Preto -, its important relation to the urban area where it is placed, the moving of freight and services offered there taking into account the direct and indirect economic costs for different activities, above all the costs and impacts related to the natural, social and economic ambience, is a part of a diagnosis to be elaborated from the urban functioning quality indicators. The problems in the Dry Ports location lead to the formulation of strategic planning guidelines for the use and occupation of land, which may help minimize environmental impact from storing, handling, distribution and transportation activities. The results brought forth in this work may be of great relevance and usefulness to the government in the formulation of a legal and regulative policy to the business park, longing for better strategic decisions. The present work brings forth data, images, maps, tables, charts, among other kinds of information, which makes its reading more dynamic and understandable in its theoretical discussion.

Este trabalho mostra os resultados obtidos durante as atividades de pesquisa e levantamento de dados sobre os equipamentos urbanos de carga denominados Estações Aduaneiras Interiores (EADIs), conhecidos como Portos Secos, na identificação de impactos ambientais resultantes das operações portuárias desses estabelecimentos. O conflito na utilização do espaço viário da área urbana por modos e sistemas de transporte de carga, incumbidos da tarefa de movimentação e transporte de mercadorias dos Portos Secos nas cidades brasileiras, especialmente aquelas de maior porte e em regiões metropolitanas, a saber, caminhões e trens, leva à preocupação tanto pela inexistência de uma legislação específica locacional para estes equipamentos impactantes, como pela grande disseminação destes empreendimentos, especialmente na década de 1990. Aspectos operacionais como a movimentação de cargas e intermodalidade de transportes nas áreas dos Portos Secos, as atividades produtivas urbanas e regionais e a utilização dos Portos Secos, a concentração desses equipamentos nas periferias industriais urbanas das maiores cidades do país, a utilização do sistema viário principal urbano para a viabilização do transporte de cargas, a localização dos Portos Secos e a logística empresarial, entre outros, chamam a atenção num contexto onde o transporte de cargas e o cumprimento das leis geradas pelas políticas governamentais e de regulamentação ainda não reconhecem as necessidades reais das cargas urbanas no Brasil. Aspectos de planejamento para os projetos dos Portos Secos e a atenção à circulação de cargas no ambiente urbano, frente ao uso e ocupação do solo, determinados pelas leis municipais e à infra-estrutura urbana existente, calcados exclusivamente nos custos operacionais e na acessibilidade, subsidiam este trabalho na formulação de diretrizes de planejamento estratégico de uso e ocupação do solo urbano para Portos Secos, para a redução dos impactos ambientais negativos dos transportes urbanos de cargas. Os principais impactos ambientais, que afetam (de forma mais aguda) a área urbana que hospeda o Porto Seco, especialmente nos casos onde não há um estudo de pré-viabilidade e compatibilização do equipamento ao uso e a ocupação do solo, bem como sua adequação às regras do Planejamento Urbano relacionado ao Planejamento dos Transportes tanto nos ambientes físico, natural, político, legal e de planejamento quanto no ambiente sócio-econômico. Examinar o funcionamento de um Porto Seco - EADI Ribeirão Preto - e sua relação impactante na área urbana onde atua, sua movimentação de cargas e prestação de serviços, levando em conta os custos econômicos diretos e indiretos para diferentes atividades, especialmente os custos e impactos ligados aos ambientes natural, social e econômico, faz parte de um diagnóstico a ser elaborado a partir de indicadores de qualidade de funcionamento da área urbana. Os problemas da localização dos Portos Secos induzem a formulação de diretrizes de planejamento estratégico de uso e ocupação do solo que auxiliem na minimização dos impactos ambientais causados durante a realização das tarefas de armazenamento, manuseio, distribuição e transporte de cargas. Os resultados aqui apresentados poderão ser de grande pertinência e utilidade para o poder público na formulação de um quadro legal e de regulamentação e para o segmento empresarial ansioso por melhores decisões estratégicas. Este trabalho apresentará dados, imagens, mapas, tabelas, gráficos, entre outros, tornando-se mais dinâmico na leitura e compreensível no aporte teórico. / The present work brings forth the results of the research and data colleting activities on the freight urban equipment called Interior Custom Stations (ICSs), named EADI in portuguese, also known as Dry Ports, in the identification of the impact the operations carried out in these stations may have on the environment. The problematic use of the urban locomotion spaces by trucks and trains, the modes and systems of freight transportation in charge of moving and transporting freight from the Dry Ports to Brazilian cities, especially the larger and metropolitan ones, in troublesome for the lack of specific local legislation for such impact equipments as well as for their spread in Brazil specially in the 1990th decade. Operational aspects like freight moving and transport intermodality in the Dry Port areas, productive urban and rural activities and the Dry Ports usage, the concentration of these equipments in country\'s larges cities urban industrial outskirts, the location of the Dry Ports and business logistics, among others, call our attention in a context where freight transporting and the fulfillment of the laws created by government and regulation policies still do not understand the real needs of urban freight in Brazil. Planning aspects of the Dry Ports\' Projects together with the attention to the circulation of freight in urban surroundings in face of both use and occupation of the land determined by Municipal laws and the existing urban infra-structure (based exclusively on operational costs and accessibility), support this research in the formulation of strategic planning guidelines of use and occupation of urban land for Dry Ports towards the reduction of negative environmental impacts of urban freight transporting. The major environmental impacts affect (in a more direct way) the urban area that houses the Dry Port, most visibly in cases when there are no studies on the pre-viability and compatibility of the equipment to the use and occupation of the land, as well to its adequacy to the rules of Urban Planning concerning Transport Planning in the physical, natural, political, legal and socio-economical ambience. A close examination of a Dry Port - EADI Ribeirão Preto -, its important relation to the urban area where it is placed, the moving of freight and services offered there taking into account the direct and indirect economic costs for different activities, above all the costs and impacts related to the natural, social and economic ambience, is a part of a diagnosis to be elaborated from the urban functioning quality indicators. The problems in the Dry Ports location lead to the formulation of strategic planning guidelines for the use and occupation of land, which may help minimize environmental impact from storing, handling, distribution and transportation activities. The results brought forth in this work may be of great relevance and usefulness to the government in the formulation of a legal and regulative policy to the business park, longing for better strategic decisions. The present work brings forth data, images, maps, tables, charts, among other kinds of information, which makes its reading more dynamic and understandable in its theoretical discussion.

Until recently, few have questioned the notion that the separation of uses in land use zoning is inherently correct. Many observers of the city are now suggesting that zoning, as it has been practiced in this country over the last 80 years, has created cities that are fractured and function poorly. Others propose that zoning should be reconsidered as a remedy for urban dysfunction. They suggest that the whole notion of zoning be rethought. The purpose of this study is to uncover some of the underlying rationales and methodologies that set the model for zoning. This study examines the rationales behind the classification and location of land use zones in a fast-growing area of Portland, Oregon, for its first zoning ordinance through history, culture, and geography. Between 1919 and 1924, two ordinances were prepared using two very different methodologies. The first of these was designed by nationally known consultant, Charles H. Cheney, using the latest scientific methods. After its rejection in the polls, a second ordinance was developed by a prominent group of realtors in conjunction with the city planning commission using more intuitive methods. This “realtors’ code” (MacColl 1979) was approved by the Portland electorate in 1924. Some fifty years later, the Portland planning commission would identify zoning as having played a significant role in the deterioration of the Buckman neighborhood in the study area. The comparison of the rationales and methods behind the locations of zone boundaries in both ordinances against the locations of actual uses in the study area, reveals the powerful influences of social Darwinism, laissez-faire attitudes, and newly developing social science methods on the association of zoning with the separation of uses and the land use patterns that were created.

A lack of land use controls on sexually oriented businesses contributes to the unique configuration of Portland, Oregon's strip clubs: nearly fifty clubs are distributed throughout the city's neighborhoods. Considered a locally unwanted land use (LULU) by many, these strip clubs are regulated by a variety of formal and informal social processes in the absence of zoning. This qualitative study explores drivers and constraints shaping the spatial configuration of Portland's strip club industry as well as influences on land use conflict at strip club sites and working conditions for women who work as exotic dancers in the clubs. Data collection entailed review of documents (newspaper articles, legal and administrative decisions and records, and ballot measure pro/con statements); site observations; and in-person interviews with exotic dancers, strip club owners and managers, public employees who deal with strip clubs in their line of work, and people who live and work near strip clubs (n=43). Analysis follows Clarke's (2005) situational analysis methods. The study finds that strip clubs are not necessarily incompatible with residential locations and that such locations can confer benefits to dancers. The normalization of strip clubs in Portland decreases the place stigma associated with strip clubs but has a lesser impact on the person stigma of being an exotic dancer. With regard to land use conflict, the study finds that tolerance of sexual commerce is associated with urbanicity and that neighborhood socioeconomic status has a more complex relationship to community response than is suggested by the literature on land use conflict. Based on these findings, the dissertation argues that conflict resolution programs may be more effective than zoning at managing potential negative effects of sexually oriented businesses, and that improving working conditions for exotic dancers is a complex challenge. It proposes broader adoption of the sex work discourse, including the integration of labor issues in sex industry to advocacy efforts on behalf of other freelance and service sector workers.

Coastal urban settlements require a special planning approach since they bring the concepts of &ldquo / urban&rdquo / and &ldquo / coastal&rdquo / together. In relation to the specific contents of these concepts, there are also different models of management plans. &ldquo / Urban Disaster Risk Management&rdquo / and &ldquo / Integrated Coastal Zone Management&rdquo / are two of them. Urban Disaster Risk Management model deals with the planning and management problems of urban settlements in the case of disaster risk conditions. Likewise, Integrated Coastal Zone Management model focuses on the whole coastal area and deals with the sustainable use and protection of all types of coastal resources. However, in case of urban coastal settlements, these models of management plans can be valid together, can overlap, and they can even conflict with each other. In this thesis study, these two models of management plan and their coexistence are considered. A Coastal Area Assessment Model is set up and applied for Iskenderun case. This model provides a detailed spatial analysis opportunity in planning and management of coastal urban settlement. Therefore the model offers a significant input for the planning process through determining urban and coastal risks at the same time. Coastal Area Assessment Model is a tool which takes both Urban Disaster Risk Management and Integrated Coastal Zone Management models&rsquo / concerns into account and evaluates the coastal settlement in terms of urban risk sectors and coastal management issues. This study also introduces an approach on classification of the coastal areas and coastal urban settlements while setting up the Coastal Area Assessment Model. Coastal Area Assessment Model becomes an advantageous tool since it has significant contributions to the planning process by making a simple risk analysis and guiding the proper utilization and protection of the population, built environment, and resources of the coastal areas. Risk sectors, coastal management issues, critical and prior intervention areas of a coastal urban settlement are easily determined, and preparation of development plans of a coastal settlement is guided by the implementation of Coastal Area Assessment Model. In addition to these, general principles on planning and management of coastal settlements are determined by the implementation of the model for the implementation conditions of Urban Disaster Risk Management model, Integrated Coastal Zone Management model, and the Coastal Area Assessment Model in Turkey are also discussed and presented.

Outdoor air pollution is a major contributor to adverse health effects of citizens, in particular those living in urban environments. Air quality monitoring networks are set up to measure air quality in different environments in compliance with national and European legislation. Generally, only a few fixed monitoring sites are located within a city and thus cannot represent air pollutant concentrations in urban areas accurately enough to allow for a detailed human exposure assessment. Other approaches to derive detailed urban air pollutant concentration estimates exist, such as dispersion models and land-use regression (LUR) models. Low-cost portable air quality monitors are also emerging, which have the potential to add value to existing monitoring networks by providing measurements at greater spatial resolution and also to provide individual-level exposure assessment. The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate how measurements and modelling in combination allow detailed investigations of the variability of air pollutants in space and time in urban area, and in turn improve on the current exposure assessment methods. Three types of low-cost portable monitors measuring NO2, O3 (Aeroqual monitors) and PM2.5 (microPEM monitor) were evaluated against their respective reference instruments. The Aeroqual O3 monitor showed very good correlation (r2 > 0.9) with the respective reference instruments, but biases in the slope and intercept coefficients indicated that calibration of Aeroqual O3 monitor was needed. The Aeroqual NO2 monitor was subject to cross-sensitivity from O3, which, as demonstrated, can be effectively corrected by making O3 and NO2 measurements in tandem. Correlation between the microPEM monitor and its reference instrument was poor (r2 < 0.1) when PM2.5 concentrations were low (< 10 μg m-3), but significantly improved (r2 > 0.69) during periods with elevated PM2.5 concentrations. Relative humidity was not found to affect the raw results of PM2.5 measurements in a consistent manner. All three types of monitors cannot be used as equivalent or indicative methods instead of reference methods in studies that require quantification of absolute pollutant concentrations. However, the generally good correlations with reference instruments reassure their application in studies of relative trends of air pollution. Concentrations of PM2.5, ultrafine particles (UFP) and black carbon (BC) were quantified using portable monitors through a combination of mobile and static measurements in the city of Edinburgh, UK. The spatial variability of UFP and BC was large, of similar magnitude and about 3 times higher than the spatial variability of PM2.5. Elevated concentrations of UFP and BC were observed along streets with high traffic volumes whereas PM2.5 showed less variation between streets and a footpath without road traffic. Both BC and UFP significantly correlated with traffic counts, while no significant correlation between PM2.5 and traffic counts was observed. The relationships between UFP, NO2 and inorganic components of PM2.5 were further investigated through long-term measurements at roadside, urban background and rural sites. UFP moderately correlated with NOx (NO2 + NO) and showed varying relationships with NOx depending on the particle size distribution. Principal component analysis and air-mass back trajectory analysis revealed that PM2.5 concentrations were dominated by long-range transport of secondary inorganic aerosols, whereas UFP were mainly related to varying local emissions and meteorological conditions. These findings imply the need for different policies for managing human exposure to these different particle components: control of much BC and UFP appears to be manageable at local scale by restricting traffic emissions; however, abatement of PM2.5 requires a more strategic approach, in cooperation with other regions and countries on emissions control to curb long-range transport of PM2.5 precursors. A dispersion model (ADMS-Urban) was used to simulate high resolution NO2 and O3 concentrations in Edinburgh. The effects of different emission and meteorological input datasets on the resulting modelled NO2 concentrations were investigated. The modelled NO2 and O3 concentrations using the optimal model setup were validated against reference instrument and diffusion tube measurements. Temporal variability of NO2 was predicted well at locations that were not heavily influenced by local effects, such as road junctions and bus stops. Temporal variability of O3 was predicted better than for NO2. Long-term spatial variability of NO2 was found to correlate well with diffusion tube measurements, while modelled spatial variability of O3 in ADMS-Urban compared poorly with diffusion tube measurements. However, it was found that the O3 diffusion tube measurements may be subject to some unidentified biases affecting their accuracy. Land-use regression (LUR) models are widely used to estimate exposure to air pollution in urban areas. An appropriately sized and designed monitoring network is an important component for the development of a robust LUR model. Concentrations of NO2 were simulated by ADMS-Urban at ‘virtual’ monitoring sites in 54 different network designs of varying numbers and types of site, using a 25 km2 area including much of the Edinburgh city area. Separate LUR models were developed for each network. These LUR models were then used to estimate ambient NO2 concentrations at all residential addresses, which were evaluated against the ADMS-Urban modelled concentration at these addresses. The improvement in predictive capability of the LUR models was insignificant above ~30 monitoring sites, although more sites tended to yield more precise LUR models. Monitoring networks containing sites located within highly populated areas better estimated NO2 concentrations across all residential locations. LUR models constructed from networks containing more roadside sites better characterised the high end of residential NO2 concentrations but had increased errors when considering the whole range of concentrations. No particular composition of monitoring network resulted in good estimation simultaneously across all residential NO2 concentration and of the highest NO2 levels implying a lack of spatial contrast in LUR-modelled pollution surface compared with the dispersion model. Finally, the results from the measurement and modelling studies presented in thesis are synthesised in the context of current exposure assessment studies. Low-cost air-quality monitors currently do not possess and are unlikely in the near future to provide the robustness and accuracy to replace the existing routine monitoring network. Development of the low-cost air-quality should be aiming at upgrading them as the indicative method as defined in the data quality objective in the EU directive. The monitoring sites used to build LUR models should capture well the population distribution in the study area as opposed to capturing the greatest pollution contrast. The traditional methods of evaluating LUR models are also ineffective in characterising the models’ capability at estimating pollutant concentration at residential address. Given that the dispersion models are also subject to the availability and uncertainties in the input data, future air quality model development should endeavour to incorporate both dispersion and land-use regression models, where the uncertainty in the input data can be reduced by using LUR models built on actual measurements, and the limitation in the statistical modelling can be replaced by adopting the deterministic approach used in the dispersion model.

O objetivo desta Tese é a proposição de uma metodologia alternativa para planejamento de transportes que contempla as ferramentas disponíveis na ciência do sensoriamento remoto. A perspectiva adotada analisa aspectos do planejamento de transportes urbanos, tendo como embasamento os dados e informações advindos das imagens de satélite com alto poder de resolução espacial. A metodologia usa a abordagem baseada em objetos para classificar imagens de satélite de sensoriamento remoto. Através do processo de classificação, identificam-se feições urbanas úteis para o planejamento de transporte, em especial áreas de concentração de polos geradores de viagens do município de João Pessoa no estado da Paraíba, Brasil. A proposta é que com base nesses dados, e outros provenientes de uma pesquisa de campo (pesquisa domiciliar origem/destino), é possível caracterizar o uso do solo e a correspondente demanda por transportes. O estudo se justifica por propor uma alternativa mais ágil e menos onerosa, em comparação aos métodos tradicionais de construção e atualização da base de dados para análises de transportes. Ao identificar as regiões da cidade com as maiores quantidades de viagens geradas, os resultados obtidos auxiliam nas ações de planejamento do sistema de transportes, visando alcançar o equilíbrio entre oferta e demanda de transporte com o uso do solo urbano. / The objective of this Thesis is to propose an alternative method of transportation planning that considers the tools available in the science of remote sensing. The perspective adopted examines aspects of urban transportation planning, having as basis the data and information coming from satellite images with high spatial resolution. The methodology uses the object-based approach to classify remote sensing satellite imagery. Through the classification process, urban features useful for transportation planning are identified, mainly areas of concentration of trip generation in the city of João Pessoa, state of Paraíba, Brazil. The proposal is that, based on these data, and others from a field research (origin/destination home-interview survey), it is possible to characterize the land use and the corresponding demand for transport. The study is justified because it proposes a more agile and less costly alternative, compared to traditional methods of building and updating the database for transport analysis. By identifying areas of the city with the largest amounts of trips generated, the results support planning actions on the transportation system, in order to achieve a balance between transport supply and demand with urban land use.

Due to climate change and natural variations in the hydrological cycle, global mean sea levels are increasing, causing the mean sea levels in different regions of the world to increase. In Sweden, coastal cities are facing rising water levels which is increasing flooding. The coastal community of Gothenburg, Sweden was identified the 18th most vulnerable city in the country both to flooding induced by water level rise and other climate change related impacts. Its location, in proximity of Lake Vänern, and in the mouth of the Göta River and its tributaries: Säveån, Mölndalsån and Lärjeån is heightening flood risk and vulnerability in the area. This thesis aims to contribute in comprehending the integration process of natural hazard and climate change adaptation for flood management in Älvstaden- central Gothenburg between 1999 and 2015. With the main objectives being” how the municipality of Gothenburg has applied the urban land use planning theory for the integration of natural hazard and climate change adaptation, with regards to adaptation for flood management in Älvstaden between 1999 and 2015? “What climate change adaptation policies for flood management have been implemented in Gothenburg within this time frame, and how the policies have been revised to match the reality of flood issues?” And “What improvements would be made in the integration process to better address adaptation for flood management?” A desk-based research and one case study approach was adopted for this study. The findings indicate that although the city has systematically used the steps involved in the integration process of natural hazard and climate change adaptation for flood management, it does not link the policies and the measures applied to adaptation for flood management. Which is an issue as it has led to the exclusion of vital functions of the integration process. Suggestions on how the integration process could be improved are provided.