En France comme dans la plupart des pays du Nord, les personnes âgées représentent une part de plus en plus importante de la population.Parmi elles, les femmes sont les plus nombreuses, et plus encore au fur et à mesure de l’avancée en âge. La féminisation de la population âgée pose des enjeux importants.Elle impose de s’interroger sur la place faiteaux femmes âgées dans notre société. L’objet de la présente thèse est de s’y attacher sous l’angle spécifique des pratiques des femmes âgées sur les promenades de bord de mer. Ces espaces singuliers ont été choisis pour questionner la citadinité. Caractérisant le rapport à la ville exprimé par les pratiques des individus quant à l’appropriation de l’espace,l’ancrage et les sociabilités, la citadinité permet de caractériser l’inclusion de la personne âgée dans la société et, notamment, de voir comment le processus de vieillissement fait son oeuvre dans ces dynamiques d’inclusion.Espaces ressource pour « faire ville » avec les autres, pour la réalisation de soi à l’heure de la retraite, pour continuer à « se tenir face au monde » au grand âge, les promenades balnéaires sont des terrains d’exploration éminemment riches pour appréhender la citadinité des femmes âgées et donc leur inclusion en ville. Au regard du parcours de vie(familial, professionnel, résidentiel), l’analyse des pratiques des femmes âgées a notamment montré une diversité de modes d’inclusion à l’espace. Le recours à la notion de déprise, qui rend compte de l’évolution des pratiques de l’espace au cours de la vieillesse en mettant en lumière ce sur quoi les individus « lâchent prise » et « gardent prise », permet de poser la question du maintien de l’inclusion sociale dans la ville. Par les possibilités de prise qu’elle offre aux femmes vieillissantes, la promenade est un espace ressource pour réajuster les pratiques au fur et à mesure que la déprise le suggère, et, par là, pour maintenir la citadinité. Elle permet de continuer à s’exprimer à travers les pratiques, mais dans des formes différentes, selon que la recherche de sociabilités, de grand air, d’indépendance,d’autonomie, d’imprévu, est constitutive de la citadinité des femmes, à travers les âges. / As in many Northern countries, the elderly population in France represents an important increasing part of the population. Generally there are more elderly women than men, and this number increases, as the elderly women get even older. The feminisation of the elderly population raises important issues. It leads one to reflect on the position provided to older women in our society. The goal of this thesis is to look at the specific practices of elderly women on seaside promenade. This spaces are chosen to question citadinité. Examining the relationship between the community and the behaviors of these women, regarding their required space, their anchor and their sociability, the citadinité assess the inclusion of the elderly persons in the society. It helps,especially, to see how the process of aging works in these dynamics of inclusion.Strolls on waterfronts allows the use of space with others, one’s self realization when facing retirement, and the drive to still be an active participant as one ages. These waterfront walksare rich fieldworks to grasp the assimilation of the aged women’s citadinité with their inclusion in the community. Looking at the life course of elderly women (familial,professional, residential), the analysis has shown a grand diversity of modes of inclusion in relation to the space. The application of the notion of déprise, a form of disengagement which looks at the evolution of use of space ,through aging showing on what people « give up » and « hold on», allows to investigate the level of maintenance of social inclusion in the community. Through these characteristics, waterfront walks offers to aging women a resourceful space to readjust practices as the disengagement suggests it, allowing the maintenance of the citadinité. The waterfront walk allows, through the practices, to express oneself, but in various forms as long as the search for social relationships, fresh air,independence, autonomy, novelty, have the power to establish the women’s citadinité through aging.

Depuis le début des années soixante-dix, la ville de Sanaa connaît une croissance urbaine fulgurante générant des dynamiques territoriales inédites. Aujourd'hui, celles-ci ont pour principal théâtre les espaces périphériques, voire certaines marges physiques de l'agglomération. On assiste ainsi à l'émergence de centralités périurbaines qui se singularisent à la fois par leur capacité à polariser les activités économiques et à se constituer en espaces-clés de la vie sociale. Cette thèse analyse la fabrique et la pratique de ces centralités émergentes, dont la mise en place modifie autant la structure générale du Grand Sanaa que les rapports identitaires de la société urbaine à son espace. À l'origine produits par des initiatives privées et des pratiques citadines, ces nouveaux centres redéfinissent actuellement l'ensemble des stratégies d'acteurs. Plus encore, il semble s'y inventer de nouveaux cadres d'urbanité : cette recherche se consacre à en préciser les fondements.

A dissertação propõe um recorte etnográfico para pensar a situação dos indígenas moradores da cidade de Altamira-PA face à construção da hidrelétrica de Belo Monte. Acompanhando de perto algumas experiências dos habitantes Xipaya e Kuruaya da cidade (grupos do tronco linguístico Tupi), a etnografia lança mão de três contribuições diferentes da antropologia para pensar memória, parentesco e política entre os interlocutores. Partindo do espaço geográfico e simbólico dos tradicionais bairros Xipaya e Kuruaya de Altamira (Muquiço/São Sebastião e Jardim Independente/Missão), os dados estatísticos e relatos reconstituem as migrações e transformações experienciadas, falam de características da espacialização e vivência na cidade e na extensão do médio rio Xingu. Diferentes práticas e discursos nativos são produto de relações de parentesco e corresidência entre indígenas e não indígenas da região, que expressam estilos de bem viver e, por sua vez, também estruturam propostas e atuações do movimento indígena citadino. Tendo em vista o cenário crítico imposto pela construção de Belo Monte com suas transformações inerentes, a etnografia buscou restituir agências Xipaya e Kuruaya que tencionam uma vida melhor. / This essay proposes an ethnographic approach as a means to think about the situation of the indigenous people residing in Altamira-PA under the construction of the hydroelectric plant of Belo Monte. By closely witnessing a certain number of happenings of the Xipaya and Kuruaya townspeople (groups of the Tupian language family), this ethnography provides three different anthropological contributions to think about memory, kinship and politics between the counterparts. Starting with the fields, both geographic and symbolic of the traditional Xipaya and Kuruaya boroughs of Altamira (Muquiço/São Sebastião e Jardim Independente/Missão), statistical data and narrative registers retrace migrations and experienced transformations, thus speaking about the recreation of the space and about the perception of life, both in the city and throughout the extensions of the Medium Xingu River. Diverse techniques and native discourses are a product of kinship relations and cohabitation between indigenous and non-indigenous inhabitants, who express styles of well-living and, in turn, also structure bidding and fields of action for the urbanite indigenous movement. Keeping in sights the critical scenario imposed by the construction of the Belo Monte plant, as well as its underlying transformations, the ethnography seeked to reinstate Xipaya and Kuruaya agencies that intend to a better life.

A dissertação propõe um recorte etnográfico para pensar a situação dos indígenas moradores da cidade de Altamira-PA face à construção da hidrelétrica de Belo Monte. Acompanhando de perto algumas experiências dos habitantes Xipaya e Kuruaya da cidade (grupos do tronco linguístico Tupi), a etnografia lança mão de três contribuições diferentes da antropologia para pensar memória, parentesco e política entre os interlocutores. Partindo do espaço geográfico e simbólico dos tradicionais bairros Xipaya e Kuruaya de Altamira (Muquiço/São Sebastião e Jardim Independente/Missão), os dados estatísticos e relatos reconstituem as migrações e transformações experienciadas, falam de características da espacialização e vivência na cidade e na extensão do médio rio Xingu. Diferentes práticas e discursos nativos são produto de relações de parentesco e corresidência entre indígenas e não indígenas da região, que expressam estilos de bem viver e, por sua vez, também estruturam propostas e atuações do movimento indígena citadino. Tendo em vista o cenário crítico imposto pela construção de Belo Monte com suas transformações inerentes, a etnografia buscou restituir agências Xipaya e Kuruaya que tencionam uma vida melhor. / This essay proposes an ethnographic approach as a means to think about the situation of the indigenous people residing in Altamira-PA under the construction of the hydroelectric plant of Belo Monte. By closely witnessing a certain number of happenings of the Xipaya and Kuruaya townspeople (groups of the Tupian language family), this ethnography provides three different anthropological contributions to think about memory, kinship and politics between the counterparts. Starting with the fields, both geographic and symbolic of the traditional Xipaya and Kuruaya boroughs of Altamira (Muquiço/São Sebastião e Jardim Independente/Missão), statistical data and narrative registers retrace migrations and experienced transformations, thus speaking about the recreation of the space and about the perception of life, both in the city and throughout the extensions of the Medium Xingu River. Diverse techniques and native discourses are a product of kinship relations and cohabitation between indigenous and non-indigenous inhabitants, who express styles of well-living and, in turn, also structure bidding and fields of action for the urbanite indigenous movement. Keeping in sights the critical scenario imposed by the construction of the Belo Monte plant, as well as its underlying transformations, the ethnography seeked to reinstate Xipaya and Kuruaya agencies that intend to a better life.