Urban tree canopy cover is important because it mitigates negative impacts of urbanization such as urban heat and stormwater. Land development leads to canopy loss through tree removal, but some localities have regulations in place that require trees to be retained or replanted during development. The goal of these regulations is to preserve tree cover. Since 2009, Fairfax County, Virginia has had an ordinance that requires parcels to reach a certain amount of canopy 10 years post-development. However, it was unknown if the requirements of this ordinance were being met. To investigate this issue, we determined which developed parcels met their required canopy using remotely-sensed tree canopy cover data from 2021. We then conducted an additional analysis on a sample of developed parcels using their site plans to compare the canopy proposed by developers to the measured canopy from the geospatial data. These results were then compared to potential predictors of ordinance compliance to determine if there were certain attributes of a parcel that may drive ordinance compliance. Of all 482 parcels in Fairfax County that were developed from 2009 to 2011, 79.46% met their canopy requirements by 2021. For the sample of 151 developed parcels, 70% reached the proposed amount of canopy by 2021. The results suggest that Fairfax County's ordinance is promoting preservation of tree canopy cover in developed areas as intended. Zoning type, amount of canopy required, parcel size, impervious cover, and pre-existing canopy were all found to have a significant relationship with ordinance compliance. These findings could improve the understanding of the efficacy of tree ordinances in other localities. / Master of Science / Trees in cities provide residents with many benefits including absorbing stormwater, reducing pollutants entering waterways from runoff, filtering air pollutants, and lessening soil erosion. However, the removal of trees during construction reduces the number of trees, which reduces the benefits trees provide. One way municipalities are combating this issue is through creating policies that protect canopy in areas undergoing development. Fairfax County, Virginia has a policy that requires developers to ensure the land they develop has a certain amount of tree canopy 10 years after construction. This policy has been in effect in Fairfax County since 2009, but until now the county did not know if developed areas were meeting the required amount of tree canopy 10 years after construction. We used measurements of tree canopy cover as well as information from the construction plans of developed areas to determine where tree canopy requirements were being met and where they were not. Of all 482 parcels in Fairfax County that were developed from 2009 to 2011, 79.46% met their canopy requirements by 2021. We also investigated if certain attributes of a developed area may impact if that area will reach its required canopy in 10 years. Zoning type, amount of canopy required, parcel size, impervious cover, and pre-existing canopy were all identified as factors that may impact policy compliance. These findings could help other localities protect tree canopy cover using land development policies.

Urbanization introduces a set of novel stressors for animals in these modified habitats. Developing young, in particular, can be at risk due to increased predation, exposure, and high food intake requirements. Song sparrows (Melospiza melodia) are a model wild songbird system that persist in both urban and rural habitats, and have young that develop very quickly. I investigated how urbanization changes the arthropod community, how that in turn affects nestling diet, and ultimately if there were any differences in nestling amino acid profiles or body condition between habitat types. Prior work found that urban habitats also have far higher rates of brood parasitism, which can additionally restrict food intake for urban nestlings. However, this prior work has also found that urban song sparrow adults avoid consequences for living in urban habitats, so I wanted to see if nestlings were also able to avoid the consequences of urban living. In chapter one, I found our urban arthropod communities had lower average arthropod abundance, biomass, and diversity when compared to rural arthropod communities. Song sparrow nestling diets differed somewhat in composition of arthropod prey items by habitat, but urban and rural nestlings had the same average biomass of stomach contents. In chapter two, I investigated whether different habitat types or brood parasitism altered body size and amino acid concentration of song sparrow nestlings. Only gamma-aminobutyric acid differed, being significantly lower in urban, parasitized nestlings. No groups differed in metrics of body condition. In chapter three, I performed a meta-analysis to investigate how brood-parasitic brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) affect host clutch size and nest success. Host clutch sizes were lower when parasitized, but surprisingly non-parasitized nests were more likely to fail. Despite lower arthropod food availability and high levels of brood parasitism, urban song sparrow nestlings are not compromised, supporting the conclusion that urbanization does not necessarily have negative consequences for individuals of this species. / Doctor of Philosophy / Urbanization introduces a set of new challenges for animals. Young animals, in particular, can be at risk due to increased predation, exposure, and lack of food. Song sparrows (Melospiza melodia) are a model wild songbird system that persist in both urban and rural habitats, and have young that develop very quickly and rely on parents providing a diet of arthropods, including spiders and insects. I investigated how urbanization changes the arthropod community, how that in turn affects nestling diet, and ultimately if there were any differences in nutrition or body condition. Urban habitats also have higher rates of cowbirds laying their eggs in the nests of other species, which can make it even harder for urban song sparrow nestlings to get enough food. However, this prior work has also found that urban song sparrow adults avoid consequences for living in urban habitats, so I wanted to see if nestlings were also able to avoid the consequences of urban living. In chapter one I found our urban arthropod communities had lower average number and mass of arthropods, when compared to rural arthropod communities. Song sparrow nestling diets differed somewhat in composition of arthropod prey items by habitat, but urban and rural nestlings had the same average biomass of stomach contents. In chapter two, I investigated whether different habitat types or having cowbird 'siblings' resulted in different nutrition and body size of song sparrow nestlings. Out of nearly 30 measures of nutrition only one differed, being significantly lower in urban nestlings with siblings. No groups differed in body size. For chapter three I analyzed the literature to investigate how brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) affect the number of eggs host birds lay and host nest success. Host clutch sizes were lower when cowbirds were present, but surprisingly, it was nests without cowbirds that were more likely to fail. Despite lower arthropod food availability and high levels of cowbird presence, urban song sparrow nestlings avoided negative consequences, supporting the conclusion that urbanization does not necessarily harm individuals of this species.

This thesis tests the hypothesis that increasing urbanization in the South is positively correlated with rising Republican voting in presidential and gubernatorial races. A measure of urbanization was derived by subjecting socio-economic data from three censuses for all southern counties to factor analysis. This measure was regressed against Republican percentages of presidential vote in 1952, 1960 and 1968, and against GOP percentages in governor's races closest to the census years. The coefficients of correlation were uniformly low, reaching as high as .50 only once in each case. It was concluded that urbanization accounts for little in explaining variation in Republican voting and that contradictory findings are the result of reliance on less powerful analytic techniques, misunderstanding of more powerful ones or inadequate operationalization of key concepts.

by François Soulard. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 225-253). / Abstract --- p.ii / List of maps --- p.vi / List of tables --- p.vii / List of charts --- p.ix / List of appendices --- p.xi / References and acronyms --- p.xii / Acknowledgements --- p.xiii / Chapter Chapter 1 ： I --- Introduction --- p.1 / Introduction --- p.1 / Research area --- p.2 / Modernization in China --- p.3 / Zhujiang Delta： a definition --- p.5 / Hong Kong: bonded with Zhujiang --- p.11 / Research issues --- p.15 / Research objectives --- p.20 / Research axioms --- p.20 / Research methodology --- p.23 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Industrial restructuring --- p.24 / The capitalist production model --- p.24 / The production model --- p.25 / Capital accumulation --- p.29 / Crisis construct --- p.36 / The restructuring of industrial capitalism --- p.41 / Manufacturing development --- p.41 / From rigidity to flexibility --- p.45 / Division of labour --- p.50 / Spatial division of labour --- p.52 / International division of labour --- p.57 / The cost factor of labour --- p.61 / Industrial restructuring --- p.64 / Conclusion： Restructuring modelled --- p.66 / Chapter Chapter 3： --- Restructuring analysis --- p.70 / Introduction --- p.70 / Restructuring tendencies --- p.71 / Scale analysis --- p.71 / Sectoral analysis --- p.86 / Restructuring analysis --- p.105 / Conclusion --- p.135 / Chapter Chapter 4： --- Urbanization in Zhujiang Delta --- p.138 / Introduction --- p.138 / City-based urbanization --- p.138 / Region-based urbanization --- p.141 / Zhujiang Development --- p.145 / Rural agricultural reform --- p.145 / Rural industrial reform --- p.155 / Foreign invested development --- p.162 / Zhujiang Delta region-based urbanization --- p.173 / Designated towns development --- p.175 / Functional capital and industrialization --- p.183 / Zhujiang megapole --- p.191 / Conclusion --- p.197 / Chapter Chapter 5: --- Conclusion： industrial restructuring and territorial development --- p.199 / Transplantation and rural reforms --- p.199 / Transplant --- p.201 / Hong Kong industries and rural reforms in China --- p.205 / Economic diversification in Hong Kong --- p.207 / The collapse of the production/exchange divide --- p.208 / The development of the Zhujiang megapole --- p.211 / The significance for development in China --- p.213 / The value of compensation trade --- p.214 / A regional secondary circuit of capital --- p.217 / Concluding remarks and prospects --- p.218 / Research agenda --- p.222 / Bibliography --- p.225 / Cited references: --- p.225 / Other readings: --- p.236

Lau Tin Hang, Peter. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2002-2003, design report." / Chapter I. --- Introduction --- p.p.1 / Chapter II. --- Research - Flyover and Urbanism --- p.p.2 / Chapter i. --- Typology Definition --- p.p.3 / Chapter ´Ø --- Type 1 - Living with Flyover --- p.p.4-5 / Chapter ´Ø --- Type 2 - Flyover and Open Space --- p.p.6-7 / Chapter ´Ø --- Type 3 - Flyover as Transition --- p.p.8-9 / Chapter ´Ø --- Type 4 - Flyover as Generator --- p.p.10-11 / Chapter ´Ø --- Type 5 - Flyover and Water --- p.p.12-13 / Chapter ´Ø --- Type 6 - Flyover as Place --- p.p.14-15 / Chapter ii. --- Research Main Body --- p.p.16 / Introduction --- p.P.17 / Pedestrians' Perspective --- p.p.18 / Chapter ´Ø --- Overview --- p.p.19-22 / Chapter ´Ø --- Open Spaces under Flyovers --- p.p.23-26 / Chapter ´Ø --- Structures under Flyovers --- p.p.27-30 / Residents' Perspective --- p.p.31 / Chapter ´Ø --- Impact of flyovers to residents --- p.p.32-33 / Chapter ´Ø --- Building type within city grid --- p.p.34 / Chapter ´Ø --- New housing design in response to Flyovers --- p.p.35 / Drivers' Perspective --- p.p.36 / Chapter ´Ø --- View on Flyovers --- p.p.37-46 / Chapter ´Ø --- Spatial Experience --- p.p.47-48 / Chapter ´Ø --- Visual Experience --- p.p.49-50 / Chapter iii. --- Precedent Study --- p.p.51-58 / Chapter III. --- Design - Colonizing Highways --- p.p.59 / Chapter i. --- Design Statement --- p.p.60 / Chapter ii. --- Issues of Roundabouts in Hong Kong --- p.p.61-62 / Chapter iii. --- Site Analysis --- p.p.63-67 / Chapter iv. --- Design / Chapter ´Ø --- A New Order - Massing Study --- p.p.68-70 / Chapter ´Ø --- Sectional Organization --- p.p.71-73 / Chapter ´Ø --- Planning Organization --- p.p.74-75 / Chapter ´Ø --- Residential Units --- p.p.76-77 / Chapter ´Ø --- Facade Design --- p.p.78 / Chapter ´Ø --- Ground Plane Design --- p.p.79-81 / Chapter v. --- Appendix / Chapter ´Ø --- Section A-A' --- p.p.82 / Chapter ´Ø --- Section B-B' --- p.p.83 / Chapter ´Ø --- Section C-C' --- p.p.84 / Chapter ´Ø --- Elevation --- p.p.85-87 / Chapter ´Ø --- Balcony detail --- p.p.88 / Chapter ´Ø --- Kitchen wall and floor detail --- p.p.89

Wong Yeuk Hay. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2002-2003, design report." / Chapter I. --- Introduction --- p.p.1 / Chapter II. --- Research - Flyover and Urbanism --- p.p.2 / Chapter i. --- Typology Definition --- p.p.3 / Chapter ´Ø --- Type 1 - Living with Flyover --- p.p.4-5 / Chapter ´Ø --- Type 2 - Flyover and Open Space --- p.p.6-7 / Chapter ´Ø --- Type 3 - Flyover as Transition --- p.p.8-9 / Chapter ´Ø --- Type 4 - Flyover as Generator --- p.p.10-11 / Chapter ´Ø --- Type 5 - Flyover and Water --- p.p.12-13 / Chapter ´Ø --- Type 6 - Flyover as Place --- p.p.14-15 / Chapter ii. --- Research Main Body --- p.p.16 / Introduction --- p.p.17 / Pedestrians' Perspective --- p.p.18 / Chapter ´Ø --- Overview --- p.p.19-22 / Chapter ´Ø --- Open Spaces under Flyovers --- p.p.23-26 / Chapter ´Ø --- Structures under Flyovers --- p.p.27-30 / Residents' Perspective --- p.p.31 / Chapter ´Ø --- Impact of flyovers to residents --- p.p.32-33 / Chapter ´Ø --- Building type within city grid --- p.p.34 / Chapter ´Ø --- New housing design in response to Flyovers --- p.p.35 / Drivers' Perspective --- p.p.36 / Chapter ´Ø --- View on Flyovers --- p.p.37-46 / Chapter ´Ø --- Spatial Experience --- p.p.47-48 / Chapter ´Ø --- Visual Experience --- p.p.49-50 / Chapter iii. --- Precedent Study --- p.p.51-58 / Chapter III. --- Design - Reweaving the New & Old Urban Fabrics --- p.p.59 / Chapter i. --- Introduction --- p.p.60 / Chapter ii. --- Site Analysis --- p.p.61-65 / Chapter iii. --- Urban Design Strategies --- p.p.66-67 / Chapter iv. --- Final Design - Civic Bridge / Chapter ´Ø --- Conceptual diagrams --- p.p.68-69 / Chapter ´Ø --- Plans --- p.p.70-72 / Chapter ´Ø --- Elevations and Sections --- p.p.73-75 / Chapter ´Ø --- Perspective --- p.p.76-77 / Chapter ´Ø --- Photos --- p.p.78-79

城市化是影響全球碳循環的最重要的由人類活動主導的影響因素之一。本質上，城市碳儲存和碳釋放，無論以人工的（如能源消耗、建築物、廢物等）或自然組成部份（如城市綠色植被，城市土壤等），都與城市緊密相關。在城市碳循環中，無論人工或自然組成部份都是同等重要，因為在研究中必須同時考慮兩者的貢獻。然而，已有的研究過於片面，且大多數集中于城市能源利用和碳排放方面。該研究試圖將城市系統作為一個整體，定量地探討城市人工及自然組成部份對二氧化碳排放量的貢獻。 / 首先，我們提出一個基於過程的“城市土地的定義，以表述城市土地動態變化的本質，并運用閾值方法成功提取所定義的“城市土地。我們運用多源的遙感數據，包括夜晚燈光影像，LandSat影像及Modis影像，分析城市化過程及相應的土地利用/覆蓋變化。總體而言，在過去25年間，中國城市用地擴張了3.8倍，農田和林地是城市土地擴張的主要來源。 / 其次，以經過校準的夜晚燈光數據作為指示變量，我們開發了一個自上而下的分解模型來估算城市尺度下化石燃料消耗導致的二氧化碳排放。在中國快速城市化的背景下，城市二氧化碳排放量占全國總排放量的比例大幅增加。與農村地區相比，由於較高的收入水平，生活方式的改變及更便利地獲得電力能源，中國城市的人均排放量遠高於全國平均量。這與發達國家的情景截然相反。另外，由於當地經濟規模和結構的影響，東部地區的人均碳排放量低於西部地區。結果還表明，快速增長的經濟和城市化是二氧化碳排放量增加的主要驅動力，且能源效率在2000年之後反而呈現增長趋势，也是促進二氧化碳排放量增加的主要原因。如果國家宣佈并嚴格執行更嚴格的可持續發展目標，則經濟結構及能源結構調整將在減碳方面發揮作用。 / 第三，本研究還根據儲存-變化方法，估算了城市系統的自然組成部份，也就是城市植被和土壤的碳儲存和釋放。結果表明，儲存於城市植被和土壤中碳量與城市化石燃料排放的碳量相當，且城市土壤是主要的碳庫，儲存了約93%的碳。隨著城市不斷擴張，由於大量自然植被被破壞，城市植被變成碳源并向大氣釋放碳；而城市土壤則變成碳庫，吸收了大氣中部份的二氧化碳。鑒於中國未來持續的城市化過程，該研究結果為城市管理者提供了科學依據，以通過提高城市植被和土壤的碳儲量，吸收部份化石燃料燃燒排放的二氧化碳。 / 最後，我們還運用格蘭傑檢驗分析小尺度氣候變量對二氧化碳增加的響應。結果表明，在中國城市化較低地區，氣溫與二氧化碳變化存在雙向格蘭傑因果關係；而在快速城市化地區，如東部沿海城市，僅存在氣溫變化導致二氧化碳排放量增加的單向格蘭傑因果關係。該研究首次在城市尺度解釋了氣候對二氧化碳增量的響應關係。總體而言，本論文綜合地探索了中國快速城市化背景下，城市人工及自然組成部份對二氧化碳排放量的共同貢獻。這些研究結果為當地政府建設低碳城市提供了科學依據和決策支持。 / Urbanization is undoubtedly one of the most significant anthropogenic forces affecting global carbon cycle. Carbon storage and release through anthropogenic (e.g. energy consumption, building, waste) and natural components (e.g. urban vegetation and soil) are intrinsically coupled in urban areas. Both anthropogenic and natural components are equally important for understanding the carbon cycle in urban areas and have to be considered simultaneously. Present studies however mostly one-sided and primarily focus on anthropogenic emissions. Given the substantial scientific gaps, this study aims to build better knowledge on the contributions of urban areas to the increasing atmosphere CO₂ emissions at an urban scale, considering both anthropogenic and natural components simultaneously. / First, a process-based definition of urban areas is proposed to capture the inherent dynamics of urban areas, and a threshold technique is developed to map the defined urban areas in this study. Multi-sensor remotely sensed data are used to analyze the dynamic urbanization and related land use/cover conversions. Overall, urban areas have increased by 3.8 times over the studied period of 1985-2010. Croplands and forests are the major sources of the growing urban areas. / Second, taking calibrated nighttime light imagery as a proxy variable, we develop a top-down model to estimate fossil fuel CO₂ emissions on the urban scale. Driven by the rapid urbanization in China, the contributions of urban areas to the CO₂ emissions have increased substantially. In contrast to the developed counties, per capita CO₂ emissions in urban China are higher than the national average, due to higher income, change in lifestyle and easy access to electricity, whereas per capita CO₂ emissions in eastern China is lower than that in western China, due to the diverse scale and structure of local economy. Our analysis also reveals that the booming economy and urbanization are major drivers of the increasing fossil fuel CO₂ emissions, while the decoupling effect of energy efficiency reverses in the post-2000 period caused by the booming economy. It is foreseeable that economic reconstruction and energy structure would play a significant impact on carbon reduction if stricter environmental targets are released. / Third, carbon storage and change in natural components of urban areas, in particular, urban vegetation and soils, are also estimated in this study. A stock-change method is applied in this study. This study identifies that the amount of carbon storage in urban areas is comparable to that emitted from fossil fuel burning, and urban soils are the major carbon pools in urban areas. Along with urban expansions, urban vegetation becomes sources of carbon due to loss of biomass, whereas urban soils act as sinks of carbon because increasing urban areas enhance the carbon storage in them. Given the foreseeable urbanization in China, our study has implications for urban managers to enhance carbon storage through urban vegetation and soils, hence offsetting CO₂ emissions from fossil fuel burning. / Finally, a local temperature response to the increasing CO₂ in urban areas is analyzed by local Granger causality test. Bidirectional Granger causality presents between surface air temperature and carbon variables in less urbanized regions of China. In the rapid urbanization areas such as eastern coastal regions, only presents the Granger causality from surface air temperature to the fossil fuel CO₂ emissions. This is the first attempt to offer insights of local temperature variables response to the increasing CO₂ across urban China. Our integrated results are novel in exploring the contributions of expanding urban areas to CO₂ emissions across China, including anthropogenic and natural components of urban areas simultaneously. We believe that our findings have clear significance for local governments who strive for constructing low-carbon cities. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Meng Lina. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 203-218). / Abstracts also in Chinese.

Yu, Han. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 148-155). / Abstract also in Chinese; appendix C in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgement --- p.v / Content --- p.vii / Figure Content --- p.ix / Table Content --- p.xiii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Rapid Transformation of urban fabric in China --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Dilemma in conservation studies and practices --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2 --- Research Definition --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Research Questions --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Research Methods --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Study area --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Objectives and significances --- p.12 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review and Methodology --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1 --- Space syntax theory --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Foundations of syntactical model --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Network and movements --- p.17 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Part-whole relationships --- p.19 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Syntactical studies of urban evolution process --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2 --- Space Syntax Implementations --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Basic parameters --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Secondary parameters --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Implementation in Depthmap --- p.34 / Chapter 2.3 --- Research methodology --- p.38 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Analysis and Results --- p.42 / Chapter 3.1 --- Background --- p.42 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Overview of urban development of Foshan --- p.43 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Limitations of previous studies --- p.53 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Analysis framework --- p.56 / Chapter 3.2 --- Data preparation --- p.58 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Historical maps --- p.58 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Three periods --- p.59 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Historic attributes --- p.63 / Chapter 3.3 --- Syntactical models --- p.64 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Generating axial lines --- p.64 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Boundary considerations --- p.66 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Space syntax parameters --- p.69 / Chapter 3.4 --- Syntactical transformation of the whole street network --- p.70 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Global integration --- p.70 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Global choice --- p.76 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Relations to functional distribution --- p.79 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Findings --- p.84 / Chapter 3.5 --- Transformation of district-city relationships --- p.85 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Overview of ´بdistrict´ة in different years --- p.86 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- ´بDistrict´ة and ´بradius´ة --- p.91 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Syntactical characteristics of districts --- p.99 / Chapter 3.5.4 --- Findings --- p.106 / Chapter 3.6 --- Transformation of place-city relationships --- p.107 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- Overview of ´بhistorical places´ة in different years --- p.108 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- Syntactical characteristics of places in 1923 --- p.114 / Chapter 3.6.3 --- Syntactical transformation of heritages --- p.117 / Chapter 3.6.4 --- Findings --- p.122 / Chapter 3.7 --- Summary --- p.123 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Discussion and Conclusion --- p.125 / Chapter 4.1 --- Conservation discussions --- p.125 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Suggestions to urban planning of historic core --- p.125 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Suggestions to urban design of historic districts --- p.129 / Chapter 4.2 --- Conclusions --- p.131 / Chapter 4.3 --- Research limitations --- p.132 / Chapter 4.4 --- Future works --- p.133 / Appendix --- p.135 / Chapter A: --- Events of Foshan in the history --- p.135 / Chapter B: --- Glossary of space syntax --- p.137 / Chapter C: --- Glossary of Foshan --- p.139 / Chapter D: --- Syntactical results of respective districts --- p.142 / Chapter E: --- Syntactical results of individual heritages --- p.144 / Bibliography --- p.148

Ming, Sze Chai. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 132-140). / Abstracts in English and Chinese, some text in appendix also in Chinese. / ABSTRACT / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT / TABLE OF CONTENTS / LIST OF FIGURES / LIST OF TABLES / LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS / Chapter CHAPTER ONE --- INTRODUCTION / Chapter 1.1 --- Research Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Research Questions and Objectives --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Research Significance --- p.3 / Chapter 1.4 --- Research Area --- p.4 / Chapter 1.5 --- Thesis Outline --- p.6 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO --- URBAN TRANSFORMATION OF CHINA AFTER 1979 / Chapter 2.1 --- Urban Development before 1978 --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2 --- Two Fundamental Issues of Urban Transformation in China --- p.9 / Chapter 2.3 --- Major Transformation in the Post-Reform China --- p.11 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- The Emergence of the Market --- p.11 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Decentralization --- p.12 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Globalization --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- A New Form of Government Behaviour: Growth Coalitions --- p.16 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- Interaction between Central and Local Government --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3.6 --- Interaction among Local Governments --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3.7 --- Changes in the Social-Cultural Environment --- p.22 / Chapter 2.4 --- Previous Studies on Kunshan --- p.27 / Chapter 2.5 --- Summary --- p.29 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE --- CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND RESEARCH DESIGN / Chapter 3.1 --- Research Objectives --- p.30 / Chapter 3.2 --- Conceptual Framework: System Approach --- p.32 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Components and Operation of a System --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2.1.1 --- Inputs --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2.1.2 --- Processes --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2.1.3 --- Outputs --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2.1.4 --- Feedback --- p.39 / Chapter 3.3 --- Research Framework and Design --- p.39 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Case Study --- p.40 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Documentary and Data Analysis --- p.41 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Interviews --- p.41 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Fieldwork --- p.43 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Limitations --- p.44 / Chapter 3.4 --- Summary --- p.44 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR --- OVERVIEW OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN KUNSHAN / Chapter 4.1 --- Local Development Conditions --- p.46 / Chapter 4.2 --- Economy --- p.47 / Chapter 4.3 --- Population --- p.52 / Chapter 4.4 --- "Housing Conditions, Living Conditions and Education" --- p.54 / Chapter 4.5 --- Infrastructure --- p.55 / Chapter 4.6 --- Land --- p.56 / Chapter 4.7 --- Landscape --- p.57 / Chapter 4.8 --- Spatial Dimensions of Urban Development --- p.61 / Chapter 4.9 --- Summary --- p.66 / Chapter CHAPTER FIVE --- ROLE AND INTERACTION OF PLAYERS IN THE PROCESS OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT / Chapter 5.1 --- "Role of Government, Business Sector and Civil Society in Urban Development" --- p.67 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Government --- p.68 / Chapter 5.1.1.1 --- Recognizing and Realizing the Locational Advantage --- p.68 / Chapter 5.1.1.2 --- Improving the Quality of Life --- p.70 / Chapter 5.1.1.3 --- Maintaining Social Harmony --- p.70 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Business Sector --- p.71 / Chapter 5.1.2.1 --- Propelling Economic Growth --- p.72 / Chapter 5.1.2.2 --- Facilitating Economic Restructuring --- p.73 / Chapter 5.1.2.3 --- Enriching Social Life --- p.74 / Chapter 5.1.2.4 --- Helping Kunshan Catch up and Align Itself with Modem Cities --- p.75 / Chapter 5.1.2.5 --- Maintaining Social Harmony --- p.77 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Civil Society --- p.78 / Chapter 5.2 --- Economic Interaction --- p.80 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Pro-growth Coalitions between Government and the Business Sector --- p.81 / Chapter 5.2.1.1 --- The 1980s: The Period of Sowing --- p.81 / Chapter 5.2.1.2 --- The Early to Mid 1990s: The Period of Active Promotion --- p.82 / Chapter 5.2.1.3 --- The Late 1990s to 2007: The Emergence of a Coalition --- p.84 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Interaction within the Business Sector --- p.88 / Chapter 5.2.2.1 --- Interaction between the Manufacturing and Service Sectors --- p.88 / Chapter 5.2.2.2 --- Interaction within the Service Sector --- p.89 / Chapter 5.3 --- Social Interaction --- p.91 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Within Companies --- p.91 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Among Companies --- p.93 / Chapter 5.4 --- Summary --- p.96 / Chapter CHAPTER SIX --- THE IMPACT OF TAIWANESE ON URBAN CULTURE: THE CASE OF FOOD CULTURE / Chapter 6.1 --- Representation and Implication of the Nickname “Little Taipei´ح --- p.99 / Chapter 6.2 --- Four Case Studies of Food Shops in Kunshan --- p.100 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Restaurant A - Traditional Taiwanese Food Shop --- p.101 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Restaurant B - A Taiwanese International Catering Group --- p.105 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Restaurant C ´ؤ A General Local Food Shop --- p.109 / Chapter 6.2.4 --- Restaurant D ´ؤ Ethnic Food Shop --- p.111 / Chapter 6.3 --- Analysis of the Food Culture in Kunshan --- p.114 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Taiwanese Food is Everywhere --- p.115 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Mainlanders and Taiwanese Interaction --- p.116 / Chapter 6.4 --- “Little Taipei´ح - How Far does It Go? --- p.117 / Chapter 6.5 --- Spatial Pattern of the Food Shops --- p.120 / Chapter 6.6 --- Summary --- p.123 / Chapter CHAPTER SEVEN --- CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION / Chapter 7.1 --- Major Findings and Discussion --- p.124 / Chapter 7.2 --- Future Studies --- p.130 / BIBLIOGRAPHY / APPENDIX / Appendix One Questions to Mainlanders (in English) / Appendix Two Questions to Mainlanders (in Chinese) / Appendix Three Questions to Taiwanese (in English) / Appendix Four Questions to Taiwanese (in Chinese) / Appendix Five List of Interviewees / Appendix Six Standard of Well-off Society in Jiangsu Province

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