This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of the contextual factors (socio-economic conditions and level of urbanization) on family processes and outcomes related to women. The family processes of interest were spousal relations relative power, feelings of mastery, and self evaluation of women in familial roles. Another aim was to investigate the effect of participation in the activities of family support and women education programs on women&#039 / s attitudes in relation to family roles. I studies with an accidental sample of 145 women in various districts of Kadik&ouml / y, istanbul. There were three groups of women (1) women living in poor districts of Kadik&ouml / y and in touch with &quot / Family Guiding/ Solidarity Center&quot / of Kadik&ouml / y Munucipality, (2) women living in the same districts but not in touch with (FG/SC), (3) women living in central-whealthy neighborhoods of Kadik&ouml / y. There were three main predictions / (1) education was predicted to determine economic status, which would influence mastery. Mastery in turn, would affect spousal relationsand decision making processes in family. Finally, spousal relations would predict self-evaluation (2) urbanization was predicted to influence modern attitudes toward spousal roles positively and traditional attitudes negatively, (3) women who were in touch with FG/SC were predicted to have more favorable attitudes toward modern spousal roles, but less favorable toward traditional spousal roles. The model of the first prediction revealed that / economic status determined mastery, which influences warmth and equality. Warmth and equality in turn influences individual&#039 / s self evaluation. As expected in the second prediction, urbanization was negatively related to traditional attitudes. Comparison of the three groups revealed that, women living in pheripheral districts showed more favorable attitudes towards traditional gender stereotypic duties of women, and maledominance than women living in central districts. Women living in pheripheral districts and intouch with FG/SC, showed more favorable attitudes toward women&#039 / s participation inlabor market than women living in the same area but not in touch with FG/SC, and women living in the central districts.

by Chan, Cheung-Wai. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 184-189). / ACKNOWLEDGMENTS --- p.ii / LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS --- p.iii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.iv / Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction / Chapter 1.2 --- Background / Chapter 1.3 --- Objectives of this study / Chapter 1.4 --- The Structure of the thesis / Chapter Chapter Two --- Literature Review --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction / Chapter 2.2 --- Rural-urban fringe / Chapter 2.3 --- Characteristics of land use changes in the fringes / Chapter 2.4 --- Factors affecting the mechanism of land use changes in the urban fringe / Chapter 2.5 --- Parties involved in land use change decision / Chapter 2.6 --- Land use in the urban fringe of Zhujiang Delta / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Cities' in China / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Urban fringes in China ---the case of Zhujiang Delta / Chapter 2.6.3 --- Land use pattern in the Zhujiang Delta / Chapter Chapter Three --- Methodology --- p.29 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- Change detection techniques of land use changes / Chapter 3.1.1 --- A concept of change detection / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Change detection techniques / Chapter 3.2 --- Method employed to detect land use change in Zhujiang Delta / Chapter 3.3 --- Procedures / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Data description / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Preprocessing / Chapter a. --- Atmospheric correction / Chapter b. --- Image Registration / Chapter i. --- Spatial interpolation / Chapter ii. --- Intensity interpolation / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Image differencing / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Post-classification comparison / Chapter a. --- Land Use / Land Cover classification scheme / Chapter b. --- Definitions and image characteristics of land / Land cover classes / Chapter c. --- Supervised classification / Chapter d. --- Training sites / Chapter e. --- Maximum likelihood classifier / Chapter f. --- Accuracy assessment / Chapter g. --- post-classification comparison / Chapter Chapter Four --- Study Area --- p.64 / Chapter 4.1 --- Physical and agricultural landscape of Zhujiang Delta ---a general description / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Physical landscape / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Urban develoment / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Agricultural landscape / Chapter 4.2 --- Shunde / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Agricultural land use / Chapter 4.2.2 --- The image of Shunde / Chapter 4.3 --- Dongguan / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Agricultural land use / Chapter 4.3.2 --- The image of Dongguan / Chapter 4.4 --- Guangzhou / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Agricultural land use / Chapter 4.4.2 --- The image of Guangzhou / Chapter 4.5 --- Land use changes expected within the study area / Chapter Chapter Five --- Results and discussions --- p.83 / Chapter 5.1 --- Image differencing / Chapter 5.2 --- Results of classifications / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Shunde / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Dongguan / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Guangzhou / Chapter 5.3 --- Post-classification comparison change detection / Chapter Chapter Six --- Land use chancre analysis of the urban fringesin Zhujiang Delta --- p.107 / Chapter 6.1 --- Framework for discussion / Chapter 6 .2 --- Land use / land cover changes in Shunde / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Rural-to-urban changes / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Rural-to-rural changes / Chapter 6. 3 --- Land use / land cover changes in Dongguan / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Rural-to-urban changes / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Rural-to-rural changes / Chapter 6.4 --- Land use / land cover change in Guangzhou / Chapter 6.4.1 --- Rural-to-urban changes / Chapter 6.4.2 --- Rural-to-rural changes / Chapter 6 .5 --- Comparson of land use changes of the study area / Chapter 6.5.1 --- Land-use change comaprison / Chapter 6.5.2 --- Rural-to-urban changes / Chapter 6.5.3 --- Rural-to-rural changes / Chapter a. --- Origins of wet cropland and market gardening / Chapter b. --- Origins of woodland / Chapter c. --- Origins of fish ponds / Chapter 6.5.4 --- Conclusions / Chapter Chapter Seven --- Conclusion --- p.175 / Chapter 7.1 --- Land use change in the urban fringes in the Zhujiang Delta ---a comparison / Chapter 7.2 --- the applicability of western theories on land use change to the Zhujiang Delta / Chapter 7.3 --- Remote sensing method as an application for land use change monitoring in China

Lai Ho Mun Hemans. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2000-2001, design report." / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 51). / acknowledgments --- p.P.2 / introduction --- p.p.3 / researches --- p.p.4 - 19 / Chapter I. --- hongkong and density / Chapter II. --- extends of nature / Chapter III. --- essence of control / Chapter IV. --- building envelope / design concept --- p.p.20 - 27 / site analysis --- p.p.28- 32 / project program --- p.p.33- 34 / design developments --- p.p.35 - 43 / phase I / phase II / phase III / final design --- p.p.44 -50 / bibliography --- p.p.51 / appendix

城市發展被認為是導致本土物種滅絶的最主要原因，對鳥類群落結構有著極其重要的影響。雖然香港的城市化程度非常高，但對於鳥類尤其候鳥來說，其仍具有很高的保育價值。截至目前，有關城市化及多尺度生境因素對香港城市鳥類群落的影響的研究還非常少。 / 在城市景觀中，公園是鳥類多樣性的熱點地區。本研究選取了30個公園 (15個位於發達地區，15個位於新近發展地區) 作為研究樣地，分別於2010-2011年的繁殖季和越冬季，採用樣點法調查了所有樣地的鳥類群落。結果顯示，新近發展地區的鳥類群落較發達地區的更為均勻，嵌套程度更高。但不論何種發展類型，留鳥均為城市公園中的優勢群體。發達地區有較多的食穀鳥和偏好開闊生境的鳥類，而新近發展地區則吸引了較多的食蟲鳥、食蟲食果鳥和森林專一性鳥類。發達和新近發展地區的鳥類群落結構的差異，與生境均勻性 (400米尺度)、最大林地斑塊指數 (400米尺度) 及景觀聚集度指數 (400和1000米尺度) 密切相關。 / 香港公園的鳥類群落具有明顯的季節差異。繁殖季與越冬季的鳥種組成、鳥類豐富度和多樣性均有顯著差異。與繁殖季相比，越冬季的食蟲鳥、食蟲食果鳥及在灌木層和喬木層覓食的鳥類較繁殖季明顯增多，而食穀鳥及在地面覓食的鳥類則較繁殖季減少。 / 本研究進一步探討了公園屬性、人類干擾和植被結構對不同季節的鳥類群落結構的影響。結果顯示，公園面積和訪客率對於不同季節的鳥類群落有顯著影響。不論是繁殖季還是越冬季，鳥類豐富度和多樣性均隨公園面積的增加而增加；越冬季鳥類豐富度隨訪客率增加而減少。另外，繁殖季的鳥類總密度隨訪客率增加而增加。不同種團在不同季節對生境變量的反應也有所不同。例如，候鳥、食蟲鳥和食蟲食果鳥在越冬季隨公園面積的增加而增加，但隨訪客率的增加而減少；而雜食性鳥類在繁殖期均隨公園面積和訪客率的增加而增加。 / 對于不同景觀尺度的生境變量對冬季城市鳥類群落的影響的分析結果顯示，200米尺度上的林地和草地的覆蓋度對鳥類豐富度有顯著影響。單個物種的反應上，200和400米尺度上的斑塊密度對叉尾太陽鳥 (Aethopyga christinae) 的出現與消失有最好的解釋度。與叉尾太陽鳥不同，單一尺度生境變量對暗綠繡眼鳥 (Phylloscopus proregulus)、烏鶇 (Turdus merula)、灰背鶇 (T. hortulorum)、噪鵑 (Eudynamys scolopaceus) 和喜鵲 (Pica pica) 的分佈模式具有最好的解釋度，即200或400米尺度上的植被（包括林地、灌木和草地）覆蓋度對其在特定樣地的出現與消失有顯著影響。總之，小尺度生境變量 (400米以內) 對香港城市鳥類群落的影響值得更多關注。 / 最後，本文還探究了景觀 (400米) 和斑塊尺度上的生境變量對冬季鳥類群落的共同影響。非度量多維標度 (Non-metric Multi-Dimensional Scaling) 分析結果顯示，景觀尺度上的林地比例和斑塊密度及斑塊尺度上的樹木密度對鳥類分佈有強烈影響。多尺度交叉模型對候鳥、食穀鳥、食蟲鳥和食蟲食果鳥的分佈均有很好的解釋度。另外，相對于單一的景觀或斑塊尺度模型，多尺度交叉模型也能更好地解釋單個物種的分佈模式。可以說，景觀變量的加入能大大提高單一的斑塊尺度模型的預測能力。綜上，同時考慮景觀和斑塊尺度上生境變量對鳥類群落的共同影響是非常必要的。 / 本研究首次系統地研究了香港城市公園的鳥類群落結構及多尺度生境變數對鳥類分佈的影響；研究結果能為土地擁有者和公園管理者更好的保育城市生態系統提供理論依據。 / Urban development affects avian community structure dramatically, and it is considered a major cause of native species extinction. Hong Kong is a highly urbanized city, but has great conservation values for birds particularly migrants. There is a paucity of information on the effects of urbanization and multi-scale habitat characteristics on urban birds in Hong Kong. / Parks are hotspots of avian diversity in urban landscapes. Thirty parks, scattered throughout the territory, were selected as sampling sites from developed and new growth areas. Bird community structure was studied in the breeding and wintering seasons in 2010-2011. Regarding the effects of urbanization, bird communities in the new growth areas were more homogeneous and nested than those in the developed areas. Residents dominated urban parks in both development types. More granivores and open-habitat species, but fewer insectivores, insectivore-frugivores, and forest-specialist birds appeared in the developed areas than in the new growth areas. These differences were strongly associated with habitat evenness and largest patch index for woodland at 400-m scale and contagion index at 400- and 1000-m scales. / There were obvious seasonal differences in urban bird communities. Species composition, richness, and diversity were significantly different between the breeding and wintering seasons. Compared to breeding bird communities, more insectivores, insectivore-frugivores, and species feeding on plants, but less granivores and species feeding on the ground appeared in the wintering season. / The effects of park attributes, human disturbance, and vegetation structure on the seasonal differences were determined. Species richness and diversity were positively affected by park size in both seasons. Species richness was negatively affected by visitor rate in the wintering season. Total bird density increased with visitor rate, but only in the breeding season. In other words, park size and visitor rate were the major factors affecting bird communities in both seasons. Moreover, different species groups had different responses to habitat characteristics in different seasons. For examples, migrants, insectivores, and insectivore-frugivores were positively affected by park size, but negatively by visitor rate in the wintering season. However, omnivores in the breeding season increased with both park size and visitor rate. / The effects of habitat characteristics at five landscape scales on wintering bird communities were addressed. Total species richness was significantly affected by the availability of woodland and grassland at 200-m scale. For the six selected species, the incidence of Fork-tailed Sunbird (Aethopyga christinae) was affected by patch density, positively at 200-m scale but negatively at 400-m scale, and the incidences of the other five species (including Pallas's Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus proregulus, Common Blackbird Turdus merula, Grey-backed Thrush T. hortulorum, Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopaceus, and Eurasian Magpie Pica pica) were best predicted by the availability of greenspaces within 400 m. Consequently, factors at fine scales (within 400 m) should be more concerned while conserving birds in Hong Kong. / Finally, the cross-scale effects of habitat measurements at 400-m landscape and local scale on wintering bird communities were examined. The percentage of woodland and patch density at landscape scale, and tree density at local scale were mostly strongly correlated with species distribution. Most species groups and the incidences of individual species were better predicted by cross-scale approaches, and landscape characteristics increased the efficiency of local-only models. It is necessary to simultaneously consider the joint effects of landscape- and local-scale characteristics on birds in urban environments. / This research is the first to systematically study bird communities in urban parks of Hong Kong, and determine the factors influencing bird distribution patterns at multiple scales. The knowledge acquired would help land owners and park managers to conserve a more diverse ecosystem in Hong Kong. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Zhou, Daqing. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 144-165). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.I / Acknowledgements --- p.VI / Table of Contents --- p.VIII / List of Tables --- p.XIII / List of Figures --- p.XVI / List of Appendices --- p.XVIII / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Bird community ecology and its developments --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Effects of urbanization on urban bird communities --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Urbanization --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Major impacts of urbanization --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- Effects of multi-scale habitat characteristics on bird communities --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Importance of spatial scale --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Effects of local-scale habitat characteristics on urban bird community --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.2.1 --- Park attributes --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.2.2 --- Human disturbance --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.2.3 --- Vegetation configuration --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Effects of landscape-scale habitat characteristics on urban bird community --- p.13 / Chapter 1.3.3.1 --- Various landscape-scale habitat characteristics --- p.14 / Chapter 1.3.3.2 --- Scalar effects of landscape-scale habitat characteristics --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3.3.3 --- Combined effects of local- and landscape-scale habitat characteristics --- p.17 / Chapter 1.4 --- Overview of Hong Kong --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- General situation --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Knowledge gaps --- p.20 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Research significances --- p.21 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- Avian community structure of urban parks in developed and new growth areas: A landscape-scale study in Southeast Asia --- p.22 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2 --- Methods --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Study area --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Bird census --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Landscape-level habitat factors at 400- and 1000-m scales --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Data analyses --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.4.1 --- Community attributes --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.4.2 --- Species groups --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.4.3 --- Species composition --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.4.4 --- Nestedness --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.4.5 --- Community responses to landscape-scale habitat factors --- p.41 / Chapter 2.3 --- Results --- p.42 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Comparisons of community attributes between developed and new growth areas --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Responses of species groups to the development type --- p.45 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Differences in species composition --- p.46 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Nestedness of developed and new growth areas --- p.49 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- Responses of bird community to landscape-scale habitat factors --- p.49 / Chapter 2.4 --- Discussion --- p.50 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Bird community structure for the two development types --- p.50 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Responses to landscape-scale habitat factors at two spatial scales --- p.56 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- Seasonal dynamics of bird community structure in urban parks of Hong Kong --- p.58 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.58 / Chapter 3.2 --- Methods --- p.59 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Study area --- p.59 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Bird census --- p.60 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Data analyses --- p.62 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.64 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Differences in community attributes --- p.66 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Differences in the composition of species groups --- p.67 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Differences in individual species composition --- p.68 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Nestedness pattern of breeding and wintering bird communities --- p.69 / Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.69 / Chapter 3.5 --- Conclusions --- p.73 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- How would size, age, human disturbance, and vegetation structure affect bird communities of urban parks in different seasons? --- p.74 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.74 / Chapter 4.2 --- Methods --- p.76 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Study area --- p.76 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Bird census --- p.78 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Measurements of human disturbance --- p.78 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Vegetation structure --- p.79 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Data analyses --- p.80 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.82 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Species number --- p.83 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Species diversity --- p.85 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Total bird density --- p.86 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Responses of seasonal status classes and feeding guilds --- p.86 / Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.89 / Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusions --- p.93 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- How did spatial scale affect the responses of wintering bird communities in urban parks? The importance of small landscape-scale approaches --- p.95 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.95 / Chapter 5.2 --- Methods --- p.97 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Study area --- p.97 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Bird census --- p.98 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Habitat characteristics at five landscape scales --- p.99 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Data analyses --- p.102 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results --- p.103 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Species selected in this study --- p.103 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Responses of total species richness to five landscape-scale habitat characteristics --- p.105 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Responses of six specific species to five landscape-scale habitat characteristics --- p.106 / Chapter 5.4 --- Discussion --- p.109 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Most influential spatial scales --- p.109 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Effects of habitat availability and patch distribution at varying scales --- p.111 / Chapter 5.5 --- Conclusions --- p.113 / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- Cross-Scale effects of landscape- and local-scale habitat characteristics on wintering bird communities in highly urbanized Hong Kong --- p.115 / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.115 / Chapter 6.2 --- Methods --- p.117 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Study area --- p.117 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Bird census --- p.119 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Landscape-scale habitat characteristics --- p.119 / Chapter 6.2.4 --- Local-scale habitat characteristics --- p.121 / Chapter 6.2.5 --- Data analyses --- p.122 / Chapter 6.2.5.1 --- Correlation analyses --- p.122 / Chapter 6.2.5.2 --- Cross-scale effects of landscape- and local-scale characteristics on bird communities --- p.123 / Chapter 6.2.5.3 --- Cross-scale effects of landscape- and local-scale characteristics on species groups --- p.125 / Chapter 6.2.5.4 --- Comparison between single-scale and cross-scale approaches for some specific species --- p.125 / Chapter 6.3 --- Results --- p.126 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Community responses to landscape- and local-scale habitat characteristics --- p.126 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Responses of species groups --- p.128 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- Responses of six individual species --- p.130 / Chapter 6.4 --- Discussion --- p.131 / Chapter 6.4.1 --- Responses of community and species groups to landscape- and local-scale habitat characteristics --- p.131 / Chapter 6.4.2 --- Landscape- versus local-scale habitat characteristics --- p.135 / Chapter 6.5 --- Conclusions --- p.136 / Chapter CHAPTER 7 --- General conclusions --- p.138 / Chapter 7.1 --- Major results and recommendations --- p.138 / Chapter 7.2 --- Further investigations --- p.142 / References --- p.144 / Appendices --- p.166 / Publications --- p.188

Background. Suicide in China now is recognized as a major public health challenge. It is distinctively associated with a preponderance of more deaths in women than men, and heavy burdens among rural youth and young adults. Although there are accumulating data regarding the epidemiology of suicide, there are only meager data on suicidal ideation and attempts. Determining whether risk factors for attempted suicide and suicidal ideation are similar to those for suicide will contribute to formulating future prevention efforts. / Discussion and conclusions. Our results uncovered, despite coming from a national population with a relatively elevated risk for death by suicide, a prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempts that is comparable to internationally reported data. The overall pattern of correlates for ideation, planning, and attempts was similar in many respects to those reported for completed suicide within the same population, on the perspective of demographic distribution. We consider the contexts for these findings, including the potential impacts of rapid urbanization and large numbers of migrant workers. Our results underscored the significance of depression as a major risk factor for suicidal morbidity. In addition, a number of socio-cultural factors were also vital. Findings from this study helped to shed light on the factors associated with suicidal morbidity in China. The most important lesson is that both psychopathological and sociocultural factors affect suicide morbidity in China, with more traits in the sociocultural domain surviving the final analysis. It reminds researchers that when looking at Chinese suicide, the endeavor should not be limited to psychopathology and the puzzle of why the rates of depression among Chinese suicide were lower than other countries. Instead, socio-cultural components should be paid equal attention. This is especially helpful for suicide prevention efforts in communities or from the public health perspective, for example, that attitude toward suicide (an important associate of suicidal morbidity in China based on our data) is possible to change under the movement of public education. The treatment for depression can only reach clinical samples, yet most of people who die by suicide come instead from communities. Local knowledge is essential as the profile of risks might differ markedly from other countries such as alcohol use and religiosity. / Findings. 1654 subjects, 98% of those approached and 55% of the enumerated potential subjects were interviewed. Among the unapproachable subjects with demographic profile gathered (n=995), 77% (n=811) were unobtainable because they were migrant workers. Lifetime and one-year prevalence data included: Any suicidal ideation -- 18.8%, 5.2%, respectively; serious ideation -- 8.7%, 2.3%; planning -- 5.7%, 1.5%; and attempt -- 2.8%, 0.5%. Comparisons among strata of demographic characteristics showed more prevalent suicidal ideation and attempts associated with female gender, lower education, lower income, farmers, greater rurality of residence, and having never married or "other" married. There was a higher prevalence of suicide ideation, but not for suicide attempt, among students. High risks of suicidality were also found in those with a higher score of depressive symptoms in the past two weeks, with positive screening of major depression or dysthymia, higher score of neuroticism. Poor quality of life and lower life satisfaction increased the risk for suicidality, but the impact was secondary to depression. Many socio-cultural factors that have not been elucidated in previous research were found to be associated with suicidality, including attitude toward suicide, reasons for living, violence exposure, religiosity, and exposure to completed suicide, aside from the number of life events. Surprisingly, alcohol use is not harmful, in fact, is potentially beneficial; and having a religion is a risk factor instead of being protective as observed in most countries. / Methods. This was a cross-sectional community survey of all available individuals, ages 16-34 years, of 10 randomly selected villages in the Mianyang Region, Sichuan Province. Each participated in face-to-face interviews with structured questionnaires regarding indicators of suicidal morbidity, a range of sociodemographic characteristics, as well as psychopathological and socio-cultural features. We report the lifetime and one-year prevalence of suicidal ideation, planning, and attempts among the youth and young adults of these communities, and their demographic, psychopathological, and social-cultural correlates. / Dai, Jing. / Adviser: Helen F.K. Chiu. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-06, Section: B, page: 3777. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 164-179). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

Hu Tianxin. / "August 2003." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 206-220). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Cheung Wai Hong. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2002-2003, design report." / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 56). / Chapter 01. --- Acknowledgement --- p.01 / Chapter 02. --- Synopsis / Chapter a. --- Project Background --- p.02 / Chapter b. --- Thesis Statement --- p.03 / Chapter 03. --- Research / Chapter a. --- Study of the village --- p.04 / Chapter b. --- Impact of the urbanization to the village area --- p.07 / Chapter c. --- Existing condition of the area along railway (infrastructure) --- p.08 / Chapter d. --- Process of urbanization in the rural area --- p.13 / Chapter e. --- Condition of Kam Tin --- p.16 / Chapter 04. --- Planning Strategy / Chapter a. --- Analysis of Kam Tin --- p.17 / Chapter b. --- Proposal --- p.19 / Chapter 05. --- Precedent Studies --- p.21 / Chapter 06. --- Design / Chapter a. --- Site --- p.29 / Chapter b. --- Design development at the massing scale --- p.30 / Chapter c. --- Program of detail design --- p.33 / Chapter d. --- Design development of detail design --- p.34 / Chapter 07 --- Final Design / Chapter a. --- Final Design at massing scale --- p.44 / Chapter b. --- Final Design of the detail part --- p.47 / Chapter 08. --- Bibliography --- p.56

城市氣候信息對可持續城市規劃十分重要。但是城市氣候在城市規劃上的應用仍然十分有限。都市氣候圖是一種信息和評估工具，它融合了城市氣候信 息和城市規劃要素，利用兩維空間地圖將存在的城市氣候現象和問題展現出來。通過文獻綜述可知都市氣候圖的研究源於1970 年代， 目前大部分相關研究主要針對低密度城市進行。現今隨著城市人口的持續增加和快速城市化發展， 緊湊城市和高密度城市生活將是未來不可避免的趨勢。這就迫切需要開展針對高密度城市的都市氣候圖應用研究，例如香港。 / 本研究使用的氣象數據來自香港天文台，規劃數據則從香 港政府規劃署獲得。基於前期香港都市氣候分析圖和風信息圖層所獲得的分析 和評估結果，該研究繪製了可應用在分區大綱圖的香港都市氣候規劃建議圖和重點規劃建議，並探討了具體的規劃控制策略，涵蓋樓宇密度（容積率、樓宇高度和基地建築覆蓋率）、 綠化（綠化帶，都市綠洲和開放空間的連接及綠色網格）、樓宇後移、通風廊道（河道、風道和通風廊）、非建築用地,樓宇間距和樓宇通透性。根據香港城市氣候的特點，結合香港分區大綱圖的邊界和 區劃，設立了分區大綱圖的4 個規劃策略類型，劃分了18 個組團，並形成詳細的都市氣候規劃建議圖。每個組團又再細化成若干次區域，並配有詳細的規劃改善建議。香港都市氣候規劃建議圖和18 個組團的詳細都市氣候 規劃建議圖以及相應的規劃建議為香港搭建了一個城市氣候規劃應用框架，有效的引導規劃和發展進程，確保規劃師和決策管理著採用適合的城市氣候評估結果。 / 本研究發現香港都市氣候規劃建議圖可為城市規劃師和決策管理者在宏觀、區域及策略性的層面上提供有益的城市氣候信息平台。根據相關的氣候規劃建議和策略，便於規劃師和決策管理著選取適宜的規劃手段，進而有針對性地改善城市氣候狀況，特別是針對敏感地區。同時，該研究結果有助於在分區大綱圖的層面上開展規劃 探討及決策。另外該研究方法和所提出的相關規劃建議針對高密度城市 狀況，均可供其他相似城市參考， 特別是珠江三角洲地區。現已有三個城市：高雄、澳門和阿納姆的都市氣候圖研究借鑒並採用了該研究的研究成果。 / Urban climate is of great importance for the sustainable urban planning. However, urban climatic application has a low impact on urban planning. The Urban Climatic Map (UCMap) is a climatic information and evaluation tool to integrate urban climatic factors and town planning considerations by presenting climatic phenomena and problems on two-dimensional spatial maps. Literature reviews that the UCMap studies have been developed since the 1970s, but most UCMap studies focus on low density cities. Due to increasing urban population and rapid urbanization nowadays, compact living and high density city lives are inevitable trends around the world. This makes it an urgent issue to study how to apply UCMap to high density cities, such as Hong Kong. / The study used meteorological data from Hong Kong Observatory and planning data from Planning Department of the Government of Hong Kong SAR. Based on the climatic analysis from the Urban Climatic Analysis Map and Wind Information Layer, this study developed an Urban Climatic Recommendation Map (UC-ReMap) and formulated key planning recommendations for Hong Kong, which could then be applied at the level of Outline Zoning Plan (OZP). Planning controllers including density (plot ratio, building height, and site coverage/ground coverage), greenery (green belt, green oasis and linkage of open space & green network), building setback, ventilation corridor (water channel and air path & breezeway), non-building area, building separation and building permeability are discussed and incorporated into the key planning recommendations. Furthermore, four categories of OZPs, 18 groups of OZPs and detailed UC-ReMaps were elaborated according to their urban climatic characteristics. Each group was evaluated further into sub-zones with detailed planning advices. All UC-ReMaps and planning recommendations can provide an urban climatic planning framework for Hong Kong and guidance for the planning and development process; it also ensures that appropriate urban climatic considerations are taken into account. Based on above framework, this study furthers the field by applying Urban Climatic Map into the town planning of Hong Kong. / The study finds that the UC-ReMap of Hong Kong provides a useful urban climatic information platform at the comprehensive, territorial and strategic levels for planners and policy makers. According to the climatic planning recommendations, appropriate plan actions could be conducted to improve the urban climatic conditions of the specific territory, particularly the sensitive areas. These facilitate the planning related discussion and decision-making process at the OZPs. Moreover, the research method and planning recommendations developed in this study, which are in the context of high-density cities ,offer a lit of implications for possible application in other similar places, especially the region of Pear River Delta. The gained research experience and learned application lessons have been applied into several other governmental research projects beyond HongKong, such as Kaohsiung, Macau and Arnhem. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Ren, Chao. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.iii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.vii / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.xi / LIST OF TABLES --- p.xiii / ACRONYMS --- p.xiv / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.15 / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction and Motivation --- p.15 / Chapter 1.2 --- Issues and Problems --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3 --- Objectives --- p.17 / Chapter 1.4 --- Methodology --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4.1. --- Data --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Theory --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Working Procedures --- p.20 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- The Scope of the Study --- p.21 / Chapter 1.4.4 --- Delimitation --- p.22 / Chapter 1.5 --- Significance and Benefits --- p.22 / Chapter 1.6 --- Organizations of the Thesis --- p.22 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE --- p.25 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2 --- Review of the Development of Urban Climatic Map Study --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3 --- The Structure of Urban Climatic Map System --- p.29 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Climatope --- p.30 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Urban Climatic Analysis Map (UC-AnMap) --- p.32 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Urban Climatic Recommendation Map (UC-ReMap) and Planning Recommendations --- p.35 / Chapter 2.4 --- Summery --- p.42 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- REVIEW OF EXSITING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION AND PLANNING OF HONG KONG --- p.45 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.45 / Chapter 3.2 --- Review of General Climatic-Environmental Condition of Hong Kong --- p.45 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- General Urban Climate Information of Hong Kong --- p.47 / Chapter 3.2.1.1 --- Meteorological Record from HKO --- p.47 / Chapter 3.2.1.2 --- Urban Climatic Data from Spot Field Measurements --- p.49 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- General Topography Information of Hong Kong --- p.51 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- General Greenery Information of Hong Kong --- p.52 / Chapter 3.3 --- Town Planning System of Hong Kong --- p.54 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Outline Zoning Plan (OZP) --- p.55 / Chapter 3.5 --- Summary --- p.58 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- URBAN CLIMATIC PLANNING RECOMMENDATION MAP AND KEY PLANNING RECOMMENDATIONS FOR HONG KONG --- p.59 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.59 / Chapter 4.2 --- Process and a Parametric Understanding --- p.59 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Reference Data for UCReMap of Hong Kong --- p.60 / Chapter 4.2.1.1 --- The UC-AnMap for Hong Kong --- p.60 / Chapter 4.2.1.2 --- Wind Information Layer --- p.63 / Chapter 4.3 --- Key generic interpretation of the UC-AnMap for planning purpose --- p.68 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Density --- p.70 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Greenery --- p.76 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Building Setback --- p.79 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Non-Building Area --- p.81 / Chapter 4.3.5 --- Building Separation & Building Permeability --- p.83 / Chapter 4.4 --- Key Issues and Analysis --- p.83 / Chapter 4.5 --- UC-Re MAP Strategic and District Planning Recommendations --- p.85 / Chapter 4.6 --- A General Commentary and Notes of the UC-ReMap --- p.92 / Chapter 4.7 --- Cares in Interpreting the HK UC-Remap --- p.94 / Chapter 4.8 --- Four Categories of OZPs --- p.94 / Chapter 4.9 --- Process of Detailed UC-ReMap and Planning Advices --- p.98 / Chapter 4.10 --- 18 Groups of OZPs --- p.100 / Chapter 4.11 --- Verification of the detailed UC-ReMap and planning recommendations --- p.102 / Chapter 4.12 --- Summery --- p.105 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- DETAILED UCREMAP AND PLANNING ADVICES FOR 18 GROUPS OF OZPS --- p.107 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.107 / Chapter 5.2 --- 18 Groups of OZPs & Detailed Planning Advices --- p.107 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- The 1st Group of OZPs --- p.107 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- The 2nd Group of OZPs --- p.108 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- The 3th Group of OZPs --- p.114 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- The 4th Group of OZPs --- p.118 / Chapter 5.2.5 --- The 5th Group of OZPs --- p.123 / Chapter 5.2.6 --- The 6th Group of OZPs --- p.127 / Chapter 5.2.7 --- The 7th Group of OZPs --- p.133 / Chapter 5.2.8 --- The 8th Group of OZPs --- p.138 / Chapter 5.2.9 --- The 9th Group of OZPs --- p.144 / Chapter 5.2.10 --- The 10th Group of OZPs --- p.150 / Chapter 5.2.11 --- The 11th Group of OZPs --- p.157 / Chapter 5.2.12 --- The 12th Group of OZPs --- p.163 / Chapter 5.2.13 --- The 13th Group of OZPs --- p.168 / Chapter 5.2.14 --- The 14th Group of OZPs --- p.174 / Chapter 5.2.15 --- The 15th Group of OZPs --- p.182 / Chapter 5.2.16 --- The 16th Group of OZPs --- p.189 / Chapter 5.2.17 --- The 17th Group of OZPs --- p.196 / Chapter 5.2.18 --- The 18th Group of OZPs --- p.203 / Chapter 5.3 --- Summery --- p.210 / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- CONCLUSION --- p.212 / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.212 / Chapter 6.2 --- Research Summary --- p.212 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- The UC-ReMap of Hong Kong and Key Planning Recommendations --- p.212 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Four Categories of OZPs --- p.212 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- 18 Groups of OZPs --- p.213 / Chapter 6.2.4 --- Detailed UC-ReMap and Detailed Planning Recommendations for Each Group of OZPs --- p.214 / Chapter 6.3 --- Discussion --- p.214 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Advantages --- p.214 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Limitations --- p.215 / Chapter 6.4 --- Research Contributions --- p.216 / Chapter 6.4.1 --- Providing Strategic Climatic Planning Recommendations for Planner and Designers --- p.216 / Chapter 6.4.2 --- Serving as an Example for other High Density Cities --- p.217 / Chapter 6.5 --- Conclusion --- p.217 / Chapter 6.6 --- Further Work --- p.218 / Chapter BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.220 / Chapter APPENDIX 1 --- p.230 / Chapter APPENDIX 2 --- p.231 / Chapter APPENDIX 3 --- p.232 / Chapter APPENDIX 4 --- p.238

published_or_final_version / Real Estate and Construction / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

This investigation is concerned with testing a causal model linking changes in a political system's socio-economic environment with alterations in political characteristics. The specific forces of interest are those relating to urbanization and industrialization, the development of that way of life called urbanism, and the effects of these environmental changes on voter participation and, ultimately, inter-party competition. The test model hypothesizes that the processes of urbanization and industrialization together create urbanism, which then affects party competition both indirectly by means of stimulating participation, and directly as well. To illuminate these processes, this study focuses on the American South of the last 30 years because it is in this region that the kinds of changes implicit in the test model have been observed, and thus the region offers the best arena for examining that model.