Urinary bladder paraganglioma (UBP) is a rare neuroendocrine neoplasm. It accounts for less than 1% of urinary bladder tumors and less than 6% among all types of paragangliomas. More commonly, UBP occurs in the female population aged 20-40 years old. UBP is classified into functional and non-functional types, and the majority is functional, leading to symptoms and signs of excess catecholamine, including hypertension, palpitation, syncope, and headache. Non-functional UBP comprises about 15% of UBPs and lacks the excess secretion of catecholamine, which often leads to misdiagnosis as urothelial cancer due to its rarity and nonspecific symptoms - increased urinary frequency/urgency and painless gross hematuria. Here, we present a rare case of a non-functional UBP. A 65-year-old male with BPH presented to ER with a 6-month history of urinary retention. He also was experiencing intermittent hematuria and dysuria during this time but otherwise remained asymptomatic without headache, dyspnea, wheezing, or diarrhea. Physical exam showed normal BP and no suprapubic tenderness on palpation. UA showed gross hematuria. Subsequent cystoscopy showed thickening of the bladder dome and an 8 mm lesion. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) was performed, and pathology showed 1 cm tumor confined to submucosa with questionable margins. Chromogranin, synaptophysin, CD56, GATA3, CD10 were stained positive; cytokeratin AE1/AE3, cytokeratin 34betaE12, SOX10, S100, and calretinin were negative. From morphology and immunochemistry, the diagnosis of UBP was made. Free metanephrine, plasma normetanephrine, 24-hour urine metanephrine and normetanephrine levels were not elevated. Post-TURBT MRI abdomen showed no other suspicious lesions. A wide re-resection of the bladder dome was performed due to the questionable margins from the initial surgery, and pathology showed benign bladder tissue with unremarkable immunostains, indicating no overt features of residual paraganglioma. Due to its paucity and uncertain biological behavior, the prognosis of UBP is not well established. While most UBP are benign, 10-15% of cases are malignant. High expression of VEGF and or abnormal vessel architecture in the tumor cells raise suspicion of malignancy. However, typically, definitive evidence of malignancy in paraganglioma is its invasion of adjacent organs or distant metastasis. The local recurrence rate ranges from 5-15%, thus necessitating long-term surveillance for 10-years. Systemic chemotherapy, including cyclophosphamide, vincristine, dacarbazine (CVD), or temozolomide, is necessary for distant metastatic or symptomatic disease. Iobenguane I-131 or Lutathera can be utilized with positive MIBG or 68Ga DOTATATE scan, respectively. Otherwise, surgical extirpation remains the choice of curative intent, and a multidisciplinary approach consisting of urologists, medical/radiation oncologists, and endocrinologists would be warranted for this rare entity of disease.

Objective: To assess effects of bisection nephrotomy on renal function, size, and morphology in cats over a period of 12 weeks. Study Design: Controlled, randomized, blinded experiment. Sample Population: Ten adult female cats. Methods: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), as determined by quantitative renal scintigraphy using 99mTc-DTPA, urinalysis, urine culture, and sonographic measurement of renal size were performed pre-operatively. A left or right nephrotomy (five randomly assigned cats in each group) was performed. Total and individual kidney GFRs were determined in each cat 2, 28 and 84 days post-operatively. Both kidneys were measured sonographically 28 and 86 days postoperatively and an ultrasound-guided biopsy of each kidney was obtained 86 days postoperatively. Results: No significant differences in mean GFR and kidney size of the operated versus un-operated kidneys were observed at any time period. Individual GFR and renal size of all except one of the cats remained within normal limits. Two additional cats had evidence of transient ureteral obstruction in the immediate post-operative period. No significant histologic abnormalities were observed in any biopsy. Conclusions: Bisection nephrotomy in normal cats did not adversely affect renal function or morphology over the three month post-operative period. Clinical Relevance: Bisection nephrotomy can be safely performed in normal feline kidneys without causing a significant deleterious effect on renal function. Studies in animals with pre-existing renal insufficiency are needed to insure no adverse effects would occur in clinical cases where this surgical procedure is warranted. / Master of Science

INTRODUÇÃO: A tuberculose urogenital é rara, tem diagnóstico tardio e é potencialmente destrutiva ao trato urogenital masculino. A bexiga contraída ocorre nas fases tardias de sua evolução e está associada à alta freqüência de exclusão renal unilateral, refluxo vésico-ureteral, estenose ureteral e insuficiência renal. A ampliação vesical é o tratamento padrão para estes casos. O presente trabalho avalia o seguimento tardio de 25 pacientes com bexiga contraída por tuberculose submetidos à ampliação vesical. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: Vinte homens e cinco mulheres, com idade mediana de 40 (12 a 60) anos foram estudados. Antes da ampliação, três pacientes estavam em insuficiência renal crônica em programação para transplante renal. Os demais pacientes possuíam exclusão renal funcional unilateral. Em oito casos, a ampliação foi feita com segmento ileocecal não destubulizado, em quatro com sigmóide não destubulizado e em 13 com sigmóide destubulizado. Os pacientes foram submetidos à avaliação clínica, radiológica e urodinâmica pós-operatória. Foi considerado bom resultado, após a ampliação, a presença de intervalo miccional diurno maior que duas horas e a satisfação do paciente avaliada pela pergunta sobre qualidade de vida do questionário \"ICSmaleSF\". RESULTADOS: O seguimento pós-operatório médio foi de 11,1 ± 9,1 (1 a 36) anos com 68% dos pacientes com seguimento maior que cinco anos e 52% maior que 10 anos. Um paciente morreu por um adenocarcinoma na bexiga ampliada após 25 anos de ampliação e seis anos de transplante renal. Após a ampliação, houve manutenção da mesma função renal em todos os pacientes, com exceção de dois casos de evolução para insuficiência renal crônica. Em sete (28%) casos, houve alto resíduo pós miccional com resolução após desobstrução cirúrgica em três casos e autocateterismo nos demais. Bom resultado foi encontrado em 80% dos pacientes operados. O mau resultado foi associado estatisticamente com a utilização do sigmóide não destubulizado (p <= 0,05) e tendeu a se associar com a presença de prostatite por tuberculose (p = 0,09). A comparação dos pacientes de mau com os de bom resultado mostrou que estes apresentaram, ao exame urodinâmico, bexiga ampliada com maior capacidade (p < 0,01), maior complacência (p < 0,01) e sensibilidade normal (p = 0,03). Entretanto, não houve diferença na presença de contrações involuntárias (p = 0,27) entre os dois grupos. Nos pacientes com bom resultado, as contrações iniciaram-se com maior volume de enchimento vesical (p = 0,02). CONCLUSÕES: No seguimento tardio da ampliação da bexiga contraída por tuberculose, 80% dos pacientes atingem intervalo miccional maior que duas horas e a ampliação vesical não contribui para a piora da função renal. O cólon sigmóide deve ser destubulizado, mas o segmento ileocecal pode ser utilizado na sua forma original sem destubulização para a ampliação vesical. O bom resultado com intervalo miccional maior que duas horas necessita de bexiga ampliada com capacidade maior que 250 ml, complacência maior que 20 ml/cm H2O e sensibilidade normal, sem influência da presença de contrações involuntárias. / INTRODUCTION: Urogenital tuberculosis is a rare disease with delayed diagnosis and is potentially destructive for the male urogenital tract. Chronic tuberculous cystitis is a late event in the tuberculosis evolution and is associated with high frequency of unilateral nonfunctioning kidney, ureteral reflux or stenosis and renal failure. Bladder augmentation is the standard treatment in these cases. The present study analyzes the late results of 25 patients with chronic tuberculous cystitis submitted to bladder augmentation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty men and five women, with median age of 40 (12 to 60) years were evaluated. Prior to augmentation, three patients had chronic renal failure and were in kidney transplantation program. The remaining patients had unilateral nonfunctioning kidney. In eight cases the augmentation was performed with tubularized ileocecal segment, in four with tubularized sigmoid and in 13 with detubularized sigmoid. All patients were submitted to postoperative clinical, radiological and urodynamic evaluation. It was considered a good result the miccional diurnal frequency of more than two hours and the patient?s satisfaction evaluated by the quality of life question from the ICSmaleSF questionnaire. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 11,1 ± 9,1 (1 a 36) years. In 68% of the patients this time was higher than five years and in 52% higher than ten years. One patient died due to an adenocarcinoma in the augmented bladder 25 years after bladder augmentation and six years after kidney transplantation. After augmentation, all but two patients had the renal function preserved. In seven (28%) cases there was high post-void residue treated by surgery for bladder outlet obstruction in three cases and by intermittent self-catheterisation in the others. Good results were achieved in 80% of the patients. Bad results were statistically associated to augmentation performed with tubularized sigmoid (p <= 0,05) and in patients with prostatitis as a tendency (p = 0,09). The good result patients showed augmented bladder with higher capacity (p < 0,01), higher compliance (p < 0,01) and normal bladder sensation (p = 0,03) in comparison to the bad result patients. However, there was no difference in the frequency of involuntary contractions (p = 0,27) between these two groups. In good result patients the contractions started with higher bladder filling volume (p = 0,02). CONCLUSIONS: At late follow-up of bladder augmentation 80% of the patients with chronic tuberculous cystitis achieve miccional diurnal frequency of more than two hours and the augmented bladder does not contribute to the worsening of the renal function. The sigmoid has to be always detubularized but the ileocecal segment can be used in the tubularized form to augment the bladder. Augmented bladder with capacity of more than 250 ml, compliance of more than 20 ml/cm H2O and normal sensation is necessary to achieve miccional diurnal frequency of more than two hours and there is no interference of the presence of involuntary contractions.

INTRODUÇÃO: A tuberculose urogenital é rara, tem diagnóstico tardio e é potencialmente destrutiva ao trato urogenital masculino. A bexiga contraída ocorre nas fases tardias de sua evolução e está associada à alta freqüência de exclusão renal unilateral, refluxo vésico-ureteral, estenose ureteral e insuficiência renal. A ampliação vesical é o tratamento padrão para estes casos. O presente trabalho avalia o seguimento tardio de 25 pacientes com bexiga contraída por tuberculose submetidos à ampliação vesical. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: Vinte homens e cinco mulheres, com idade mediana de 40 (12 a 60) anos foram estudados. Antes da ampliação, três pacientes estavam em insuficiência renal crônica em programação para transplante renal. Os demais pacientes possuíam exclusão renal funcional unilateral. Em oito casos, a ampliação foi feita com segmento ileocecal não destubulizado, em quatro com sigmóide não destubulizado e em 13 com sigmóide destubulizado. Os pacientes foram submetidos à avaliação clínica, radiológica e urodinâmica pós-operatória. Foi considerado bom resultado, após a ampliação, a presença de intervalo miccional diurno maior que duas horas e a satisfação do paciente avaliada pela pergunta sobre qualidade de vida do questionário \"ICSmaleSF\". RESULTADOS: O seguimento pós-operatório médio foi de 11,1 ± 9,1 (1 a 36) anos com 68% dos pacientes com seguimento maior que cinco anos e 52% maior que 10 anos. Um paciente morreu por um adenocarcinoma na bexiga ampliada após 25 anos de ampliação e seis anos de transplante renal. Após a ampliação, houve manutenção da mesma função renal em todos os pacientes, com exceção de dois casos de evolução para insuficiência renal crônica. Em sete (28%) casos, houve alto resíduo pós miccional com resolução após desobstrução cirúrgica em três casos e autocateterismo nos demais. Bom resultado foi encontrado em 80% dos pacientes operados. O mau resultado foi associado estatisticamente com a utilização do sigmóide não destubulizado (p <= 0,05) e tendeu a se associar com a presença de prostatite por tuberculose (p = 0,09). A comparação dos pacientes de mau com os de bom resultado mostrou que estes apresentaram, ao exame urodinâmico, bexiga ampliada com maior capacidade (p < 0,01), maior complacência (p < 0,01) e sensibilidade normal (p = 0,03). Entretanto, não houve diferença na presença de contrações involuntárias (p = 0,27) entre os dois grupos. Nos pacientes com bom resultado, as contrações iniciaram-se com maior volume de enchimento vesical (p = 0,02). CONCLUSÕES: No seguimento tardio da ampliação da bexiga contraída por tuberculose, 80% dos pacientes atingem intervalo miccional maior que duas horas e a ampliação vesical não contribui para a piora da função renal. O cólon sigmóide deve ser destubulizado, mas o segmento ileocecal pode ser utilizado na sua forma original sem destubulização para a ampliação vesical. O bom resultado com intervalo miccional maior que duas horas necessita de bexiga ampliada com capacidade maior que 250 ml, complacência maior que 20 ml/cm H2O e sensibilidade normal, sem influência da presença de contrações involuntárias. / INTRODUCTION: Urogenital tuberculosis is a rare disease with delayed diagnosis and is potentially destructive for the male urogenital tract. Chronic tuberculous cystitis is a late event in the tuberculosis evolution and is associated with high frequency of unilateral nonfunctioning kidney, ureteral reflux or stenosis and renal failure. Bladder augmentation is the standard treatment in these cases. The present study analyzes the late results of 25 patients with chronic tuberculous cystitis submitted to bladder augmentation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty men and five women, with median age of 40 (12 to 60) years were evaluated. Prior to augmentation, three patients had chronic renal failure and were in kidney transplantation program. The remaining patients had unilateral nonfunctioning kidney. In eight cases the augmentation was performed with tubularized ileocecal segment, in four with tubularized sigmoid and in 13 with detubularized sigmoid. All patients were submitted to postoperative clinical, radiological and urodynamic evaluation. It was considered a good result the miccional diurnal frequency of more than two hours and the patient?s satisfaction evaluated by the quality of life question from the ICSmaleSF questionnaire. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 11,1 ± 9,1 (1 a 36) years. In 68% of the patients this time was higher than five years and in 52% higher than ten years. One patient died due to an adenocarcinoma in the augmented bladder 25 years after bladder augmentation and six years after kidney transplantation. After augmentation, all but two patients had the renal function preserved. In seven (28%) cases there was high post-void residue treated by surgery for bladder outlet obstruction in three cases and by intermittent self-catheterisation in the others. Good results were achieved in 80% of the patients. Bad results were statistically associated to augmentation performed with tubularized sigmoid (p <= 0,05) and in patients with prostatitis as a tendency (p = 0,09). The good result patients showed augmented bladder with higher capacity (p < 0,01), higher compliance (p < 0,01) and normal bladder sensation (p = 0,03) in comparison to the bad result patients. However, there was no difference in the frequency of involuntary contractions (p = 0,27) between these two groups. In good result patients the contractions started with higher bladder filling volume (p = 0,02). CONCLUSIONS: At late follow-up of bladder augmentation 80% of the patients with chronic tuberculous cystitis achieve miccional diurnal frequency of more than two hours and the augmented bladder does not contribute to the worsening of the renal function. The sigmoid has to be always detubularized but the ileocecal segment can be used in the tubularized form to augment the bladder. Augmented bladder with capacity of more than 250 ml, compliance of more than 20 ml/cm H2O and normal sensation is necessary to achieve miccional diurnal frequency of more than two hours and there is no interference of the presence of involuntary contractions.

Orientador: Adriana Orcesi Pedro / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T01:25:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carmignani_LucioOmar_D.pdf: 1313710 bytes, checksum: e5a2ce3ebfaf92d14e105ee597ca752a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Objetivos: Comparar os efeitos da ingestão diária de um suplemento alimentar à base de isoflavona de soja, terapia hormonal (TH) de baixa dosagem e placebo sobre a qualidade de vida (QV) em mulheres sintomáticas na pós-menopausa e avaliar a correlação entre a melhora dos sintomas da menopausa e a QV de acordo com o tipo de tratamento e comparar os efeitos de cada uma das intervenções sobre o sistema urogenital da mulher na pós-menopausa. Métodos: Ensaio clínico randomizado, duplo-cego e controlado envolvendo 60 mulheres na pós-menopausa, com idade entre 40 e 60 anos. Foram selecionadas e randomizadas em três grupos: um grupo recebeu um suplemento alimentar à base de soja (isoflavona 90mg/dia), outro grupo recebeu terapia hormonal de baixa dose (estradiol 1mg e acetato de noretisterona 0,5mg) e um grupo-controle que recebeu placebo, por um período de 16 semanas. O Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) foi utilizado para avaliar as mudanças nos sintomas climatéricos. A QV foi avaliada através da Versão Abreviada do Instrumento de Avaliação de Qualidade de Vida da Organização Mundial de Saúde (WHOQOL-BREF). Os instrumentos foram aplicados no início e após 16 semanas de tratamento. As queixas urinárias, vaginais e sexuais foram avaliadas através da subescala urogenital do MRS. A avaliação dos efeitos terapêuticos no sistema urogenital foi realizada através da medida do pH vaginal e calculo do valor de maturação vaginal. A espessura endometrial foi mensurada através da ultrassonografia transvaginal. A análise estatística foi realizada usando-se o teste do qui-quadrado, teste exato de Fisher, teste t de Student pareado, teste de Kruskal-Wallis, teste não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis e análise de variância (ANOVA). Para a análise intergrupo dos escores do MRS e da QV foi utilizado ANOVA, teste de Kruskal-Wallis e Kruskal-Wallis seguido de Mann-Whitney. Para a análise de correlação usou-se o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Para a comparação intergrupo das subescalas urogenitais do MRS utilizou-se o teste não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis seguido de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: A média de idade das participantes foi de 52,4 (±3,9) anos com tempo médio desde a menopausa de 4,1 (±3,1) anos. Os escores de QV aumentaram significativamente no domínio físico da QV nas usuárias da TH e em menor escala no grupo da soja (233,1% x 39,7%; p=0,02). Apenas no grupo que utilizou TH houve correlação significativa entre a melhora dos sintomas climatéricos e a melhora nos domínios físico (p=0,01) e psicológico (p=0,01) da QV e na questão da saúde geral (p<0,01). A avaliação do sistema urogenital mostrou que houve melhora da secura vaginal nos grupos da soja e da TH (p=0,04). As queixas sexuais e urinárias não se alteraram ao longo do tratamento. Apenas no grupo que usou TH houve um aumento significativo no índice de maturação vaginal (p<0,01) e uma diminuição no pH vaginal (p<0,01). Não houve mudança na espessura endometrial e os efeitos colaterais foram semelhantes nos três grupos estudados. Conclusões: O uso da terapia hormonal mostrou-se eficaz na melhora nos escores do domínio físico da qualidade de vida, isto também foi observado com o uso da isoflavona em uma escala muito menor, mas superior ao uso do placebo, porém apenas o grupo que utilizou a terapia hormonal apresentou uma correlação significativa entre a melhora dos sintomas climatéricos e a melhora na qualidade de vida. O uso de suplemento alimentar à base de soja contendo isoflavonas mostrou eficácia comparável à da terapia hormonal na melhora do ressecamento vaginal, sem exercer ação estrogênica no trato urogenital, em mulheres na pós-menopausa, e superior ao placebo / Abstract: Objectives: To compare the effects of a soy-based dietary supplement, low-dose hormone therapy (HT) and placebo on climacteric symptoms and on quality of life (QOL) of symptomatic postmenopausal women, and to evaluate the correlation between the improvement in menopausal symptoms and QOL according to treatment type, and also assess the effects of each intervention on the urogenital system in postmenopausal women. Methods: This was a double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled clinical trial. Sixty healthy postmenopausal women, aged 40-60, were recruited and randomly assigned to three groups: a soy dietary supplement group (isoflavone 90mg/day), a low-dose HT group (estradiol 1mg plus noretisterone acetate 0.5mg) and a placebo group. Menopausal symptoms changes were evaluated through Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). QOL was measured by the abbreviated version of the World Health Organization¿s Quality of Life instrument (WHOQOL-BREF). These instruments were applied at baseline and after 16 weeks of treatment. Urinary, vaginal and sexual complaints were evaluated by using the urogenital subscale of the MRS. Evaluation of therapeutic effects on urogenital system was performed by vaginal pH measurement and maturation value calculation. Transvaginal sonography was performed to evaluate endometrial thickness. Statistical analysis were performed using the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, paired Student¿s t-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). For MRS and QOL scores intergroup analysis were used ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Kruskal-Wallis followed Mann-Whitney test. Correlation analysis was performed using the Correlation Spearman Coefficient. For Intergroup comparisons related to MRS urogenital subscale, the Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test was used, followed by the Mann-Whitney test. Results: The mean age of the patients was 52.4 (±3.9) years, with 4.1 (±3.1) years mean time since menopause. QOL scores increased significantly in the physical health domain of QOL in the users of HT and in a much lesser extent in the soy group (233,1% x 39,7%; p=0,02). It was observed that only in the HT group there was a statistically significant correlation between the improvement of symptoms of total MRS and improvement in the QOL physical (p=0.01) and psychological (p=0.01) domains and also on general health assessment (p<0.01). Urogenital system evaluation showed a significantly improvement in vaginal dryness in the soy group and HT group (p=0.04). Urinary and sexual symptoms did not change with treatment in the three groups. After 16 weeks of treatment, there was a significant increase in maturation value only in the HT group (p<0.01). Vaginal pH decreased only in this group (p<0.01). There were no statistically significant differences in endometrial thickness between the three groups and the adverse effects evaluated were similar. Conclusions: Hormone therapy was effective in improving the physical health domain of QOL, it was also observed with the use of isoflavones on a much lesser extent, but superior to placebo. However, only the HT group showed a significant correlation between the improvement of climacteric symptoms and the improvement in QOL. The use of soy-based dietary supplement containing isoflavones showed an efficacy similar to that of HT in improving vaginal dryness, and greater than placebo, without exerting estrogen action on urogenital tract in postmenopausal women / Doutorado / Fisiopatologia Ginecológica / Doutor em Ciências da Saúde

by Phillip Y.P. Jen. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 97-110). / Abstract --- p.iii / Acknowledgements --- p.x / Chapter 1. --- Review of literature --- p.1 / Chapter 2. --- Materials and Methods --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1 --- Collection and preparation of tissues --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2 --- Immunofluorescence --- p.9 / Chapter 3. --- Results --- p.15 / Chapter 3.1 --- Urinary bladder --- p.15 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Bladder detrusor muscle --- p.15 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Intramural ureters and superficial trigone --- p.17 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Bladder mucosa --- p.19 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- The bladder neck --- p.20 / Chapter 3.2 --- Vas deferens and seminal vesicle --- p.22 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- The smooth muscle coat --- p.30 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- The mucosa --- p.24 / Chapter 3.3 --- Prostate --- p.26 / Chapter 3.4 --- Urethra --- p.30 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Rhabdosphincter --- p.31 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Smooth muscle coat and lamina propria --- p.32 / Chapter 3.5 --- Autonomic ganglia and paraganglia --- p.34 / Chapter 4. --- Discussion --- p.70 / Chapter 4.1 --- Urinary bladder --- p.70 / Chapter 4.2 --- Vas deferens & seminal vesicle --- p.81 / Chapter 4.3 --- Prostate --- p.84 / Chapter 4.4 --- Autonomic ganglia --- p.87 / Chapter 5. --- Suggestions for further study --- p.93 / Chapter 6. --- References --- p.101

Philip Y.P. Jen. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 94-111). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Placental dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Chemical signals between the placenta and maternal circulation are a suspect cause of endothelial dysfunction and maternal hypertension. This study examined select lipid mediators of inflammation produced by the placenta. Patients were recruited from Virginia Commonwealth University’s pregnancy clinics and placentas were collected at delivery. Forty-eight-hour explant cultures of villous placental tissue were used to model lipid production. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was used to quantify concentrations of free lipids in the culture media. Bicinchoninic acid assays were performed to quantify protein in each culture for normalization of lipid data. After analysis, it was found that severity of preeclampsia was correlated with a unique lipid profile. Pro-inflammatory hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids and sphingolipids were elevated. Aspirin usage in patients who developed preeclampsia was found to attenuate accumulation of isoprostane oxidative stress markers and thromboxane production while preserving omega-3-fatty acid and increasing prostacyclin levels.

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